The Relationship Between Self-reported Depression, Anxiety, Self-esteem, and Social Support Among Third Trimester Pregnant Women PDF Download

Author: Margarita Vazquez-Gil
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Depression, Mental
Languages : en
Pages : 264

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Author: Preethi Panyam
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355615265
Category : Anxiety
Languages : en
Pages : 62

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Abstract: Depression and anxiety during pregnancy can have a host of negative effects on mothers and their infants, such as premature delivery and increased risk for postpartum depression. Few studies have examined whether levels of the sex hormones progesterone and estradiol, which rise dramatically over the course of pregnancy, are associated with depression and anxiety. This study examined whether higher salivary progesterone and estradiol levels were associated with self-reported depression and anxiety scores among a sample of 128 low-income pregnant women, and whether these relationships were moderated by social support. The results showed that only social support levels had significant negative associations with both depression and anxiety levels. Sex hormones were not significantly associated with depression and anxiety, and social support was not a significant moderator in these relationships. Future studies should continue to address the dearth of research on assessing the roles of sex hormones in relation to mental health during pregnancy.

Author: Danielle Marie Clout
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
The perinatal period represents a time of increased vulnerability to experience psychological distress in many women. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a well-recognised mental health concern that is known to have deleterious effects on some new mothers and their relationship with their spouse and infant. Recently, anxiety and stress have been recognised as symptoms that are commonly comorbid with (or occur independently of) perinatal depression, although less is known about the psychological and non-psychological risk factors for these affective states. Thus, using a community sample of 105 women in their third-trimester of pregnancy, the aim of this thesis was to broaden the current conceptualisation of psychological distress in the perinatal period to include the affective states of psychological stress and anxiety, and to examine a broad range of factors that have previously been identified as risk factors for perinatal depression, and to assess their potential role in the aetiology of perinatal anxiety and stress. Paper 1 examined the relationship between attachment-avoidance, attachment-anxiety, and marital relationship quality during pregnancy, and symptoms of postpartum depression, anxiety, and stress. The study results indicated that marital satisfaction and emotional affection significantly predicted depression levels, and marital satisfaction significantly predicted anxiety levels. In addition, mediational analyses indicated that dyadic satisfaction significantly mediated the relationships between high attachment-anxiety to worse anxiety and depression, and it also mediated the relationship between high attachment-avoidance to later anxiety and depression symptoms. Paper 2 explored the potential contribution of attachment-avoidance and attachment-anxiety in a woman's relationships with her parents and close friends and the association of these factors to her experience of depression, anxiety, and stress during the third-trimester of pregnancy and 4-6 months postpartum. In addition, changes in the women's attachment networks were examined across the transition to parenthood. The study results showed that women who were high on attachment-anxiety in relation to their mothers and close friends were more likely to experience depression during pregnancy, but only attachment-anxiety to their mothers predicted high depression levels postpartum. In addition, women's attachment-anxiety to their mothers and attachment-avoidance to their friends predicted high anxiety levels during pregnancy, and attachment-anxiety to their mothers predicted high stress levels during pregnancy. Further, the size of the women's attachment networks remained stable from the third-trimester to the postpartum, although they tended to rely less on their partners and close friends for attachment needs in the postpartum. Paper 3 evaluated the different aspects or functions of social support during the third-trimester of pregnancy as potential predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress levels during pregnancy and at 4-6 months postpartum. The study results showed that the perceived unavailability of self-esteem support predicted high depression levels in the third-trimester, whereas less perceived appraisal support predicted high stress and anxiety levels during pregnancy. However, only total social support score predicted high stress and depression levels postpartum, whereas none of the social support variables predicted postpartum anxiety. Lastly, paper 4 examined a range of sociodemographic, pregnancy, obstetric, and postnatal variables as potential risk factors for postpartum depression, anxiety, and stress. The study results showed that caesarean delivery was associated with high postpartum depression, anxiety, and stress levels. In addition, child sleep problems were related to high depression levels, child health problems were related to high anxiety, a greater number of recent stressful life events were related to high stress levels, and maternal sleep problems were related to greater PPD. However, these results became non-significant after controlling for prenatal levels of maternal distress. Nonetheless, the women who underwent caesarean delivery reported higher prenatal stress, anxiety, and depression levels, relative to women who did not undergo the procedure. Taken together, the results of the four studies are likely to have implications for the screening of women during the perinatal period, and they may assist healthcare professionals who work with expectant and new mothers. In particular, the study results suggest that a woman's relationships with her family and close friends as well as with her spouse may be important in shaping her psychological experiences including perinatal distress. In addition, the totality of social support rather than any particular aspect of social support appears to buffer against the potential to experience maternal distress, although self-esteem and appraisal support may be important. Finally, the women who had a caesarean delivery were more likely to be distressed in the third-trimester of pregnancy and also at 4-6 months postpartum. Thus, the results point to the need to screen pregnant women for mental health problems if they have a marked preference for caesarean delivery.

Author: Elisa Gwyn Lapine
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Author: Susan Eleanor Lominska
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adjustment disorders
Languages : en
Pages : 332

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Author: Regina P. Lederman
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030457389
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 361

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Book Description
The fourth edition of this book updates and elaborates on the seven dimensions of maternal emotional health that have significant impact on delivery, postpartum adaptation, infant health, and early childhood development. Supported by the authors’ original research and interviews, the book provides readers with an analysis of the role of these core functions throughout pregnancy, as well as practical materials for use with pregnant clients in the form of assessment instruments and evidence-based interventions for promoting positive development. The book provides a theoretical framework with rationales for the seven psychosocial dimensions, therapeutic and counseling intervention strategies to improve adaptive development in each of the seven psychosocial dimensions, findings specific to women in diverse cultural groups, a chapter devoted to women in the military and military spouses, and discussion of salient issues of pregnancy, including physical changes, body image, intimacy, trust, and ambivalence. The book focuses on the seven dimensions of maternal prenatal emotional health: Acceptance of the pregnancy. Motivation and preparation for motherhood. Relationship with husband/partner. Relationship with her own mother. Preparation for labor. Sense of control in labor Self-Esteem and Well-Being in labor. Psychosocial Adaptation to Pregnancy is a significant addition to the psychosocial assessment literature, a needed resource for clinical and health psychologists, clinical social workers, marriage and family therapists, professional counselors, midwives, and obstetrical nurses. It is also adaptable to undergraduate and graduate courses in maternal reproductive health and obstetrical nursing.

Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309121787
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 488

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Book Description
Depression is a widespread condition affecting approximately 7.5 million parents in the U.S. each year and may be putting at least 15 million children at risk for adverse health outcomes. Based on evidentiary studies, major depression in either parent can interfere with parenting quality and increase the risk of children developing mental, behavioral and social problems. Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children highlights disparities in the prevalence, identification, treatment, and prevention of parental depression among different sociodemographic populations. It also outlines strategies for effective intervention and identifies the need for a more interdisciplinary approach that takes biological, psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and social contexts into consideration. A major challenge to the effective management of parental depression is developing a treatment and prevention strategy that can be introduced within a two-generation framework, conducive for parents and their children. Thus far, both the federal and state response to the problem has been fragmented, poorly funded, and lacking proper oversight. This study examines options for widespread implementation of best practices as well as strategies that can be effective in diverse service settings for diverse populations of children and their families. The delivery of adequate screening and successful detection and treatment of a depressive illness and prevention of its effects on parenting and the health of children is a formidable challenge to modern health care systems. This study offers seven solid recommendations designed to increase awareness about and remove barriers to care for both the depressed adult and prevention of effects in the child. The report will be of particular interest to federal health officers, mental and behavioral health providers in diverse parts of health care delivery systems, health policy staff, state legislators, and the general public.

Author: Australia. Department of Health and Aged Care. Information and Research Branch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geographic locations
Languages : en
Pages : 101

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This Occasional paper is an updated version of an earlier Occasional paper (New Series No. 6) of the same title released in August 1999. This paper contains updated information on recent and future developments relating to the ARIA index, including the increased availability of ARIA data via the Department's Internet site.

Author: Rachel Dryer
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000472256
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 209

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Book Description
This book provides a collective examination of the theoretical, empirical, and clinical perspectives of pregnancy-related anxiety. Pregnancy-related anxiety is a distinct form of anxiety that is experienced by pregnant women and is characterized by pregnancy-specific fears and worries. This form of anxiety has been associated with a range of negative obstetric, neonatal, and maternal outcomes. There has been increased research interest in this form of anxiety, particularly over the last 15 years. The content is organized in three sections. The first section provides a thorough understanding of pregnancy-related anxiety, ranging from its historical development, evidence of its distinctiveness to the antecedents and outcomes of this anxiety for the mother and child. The second section examines key clinical issues around diagnosis and treatment specifically, current diagnosis/screening for this anxiety and approaches for intervention and treatment. The final section considers emerging areas of research such as pertinent issues around culture and acculturation which are key issues in an increasingly multicultural world. Moreover, the effects of pregnancy-related anxiety on the woman’s broader psychosocial functioning are considered with specific chapters on body image and sexual abuse, two key areas of concern. A seminal resource, this book provides a broad examination of the topic from multiple frameworks and perspectives which sets this book apart from other books in print. This book intends to inform and stimulate future research studies, as well as increase awareness and understanding of pregnancy-related anxiety. It is a must-read for researchers, educators, clinicians, and higher education students who care about delivering better support and services to pregnant women, particularly those who are vulnerable and distressed.

Author: Diana Greene Foster
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1982141573
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384

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Book Description
"Now with a new afterword by the author"--Back cover.