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Author: Nisa Leksungnoen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 209
Book Description
PUBLIC ABSTRACT: Both salt and water deficit make it difficult for plants to uptake water from soil. Thus, plants under those conditions may respond and deal with them similarly. The overall objectives of this study were to 1) determine visual appearance and physiological responses, and mechanisms to deal with salt and water deficit of turfgrasses and woody species, and 2) determine the relationship between salt and water deficit tolerance ability in those species. Five turfgrass entries, 'Gazelle' and 'Matador' tall fescue (TF), 'Midnight' Kentucky bluegrass (KBG), PI368233 (Tolerant KBG), and PI372742 (Susceptible KBG), and three woody species, bigtooth maple (xeric-non saline), bigleaf maple (mesicnon saline) and Eucalyptus (mesic-saline) were compared. For the water deficit study, there was no irrigation in Chapter 2 while dry down treatment was based on daily water loss in Chapters 5 and 6. For the salinity study, NaCl and CaCl2 were used in turfgrasses at salt levels of 1, 6, 12, 18, and 30 dS m-1 (Chapter 3) and woody species at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 dS m-1 (Chapter 4). Susceptible KBG was sensitive to salts but equally tolerant under water deficit as other turfgrasses. Salt tolerant turfgrasses could extract more water from soil and did not absorb salts into their tissues, while Susceptible KBG absorbed salt ions and transported vi to shoots, causing dead leaves. Under water deficit, leaves of all entries were dead at the same level of soil water content when there was no water for the plant to extract. In woody species, Eucalyptus maintained acceptable visual appearance under salt stress while bigtooth maple showed this under water deficit. Bigleaf maple was sensitive to both drought and salinity. Eucalyptus had an ability to exclude salts at the roots which made it more tolerant to salt than bigtooth and bigleaf maple. Under water deficit, Eucalyptus and bigleaf maple maintained water uptake and grew normally until there was no water available to be extracted and they died. In contrast, bigtooth maple conserved water in tissues to maintain acceptable visual appearance but not growing over a drought period.
Author: Nisa Leksungnoen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 209
Book Description
PUBLIC ABSTRACT: Both salt and water deficit make it difficult for plants to uptake water from soil. Thus, plants under those conditions may respond and deal with them similarly. The overall objectives of this study were to 1) determine visual appearance and physiological responses, and mechanisms to deal with salt and water deficit of turfgrasses and woody species, and 2) determine the relationship between salt and water deficit tolerance ability in those species. Five turfgrass entries, 'Gazelle' and 'Matador' tall fescue (TF), 'Midnight' Kentucky bluegrass (KBG), PI368233 (Tolerant KBG), and PI372742 (Susceptible KBG), and three woody species, bigtooth maple (xeric-non saline), bigleaf maple (mesicnon saline) and Eucalyptus (mesic-saline) were compared. For the water deficit study, there was no irrigation in Chapter 2 while dry down treatment was based on daily water loss in Chapters 5 and 6. For the salinity study, NaCl and CaCl2 were used in turfgrasses at salt levels of 1, 6, 12, 18, and 30 dS m-1 (Chapter 3) and woody species at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 dS m-1 (Chapter 4). Susceptible KBG was sensitive to salts but equally tolerant under water deficit as other turfgrasses. Salt tolerant turfgrasses could extract more water from soil and did not absorb salts into their tissues, while Susceptible KBG absorbed salt ions and transported vi to shoots, causing dead leaves. Under water deficit, leaves of all entries were dead at the same level of soil water content when there was no water for the plant to extract. In woody species, Eucalyptus maintained acceptable visual appearance under salt stress while bigtooth maple showed this under water deficit. Bigleaf maple was sensitive to both drought and salinity. Eucalyptus had an ability to exclude salts at the roots which made it more tolerant to salt than bigtooth and bigleaf maple. Under water deficit, Eucalyptus and bigleaf maple maintained water uptake and grew normally until there was no water available to be extracted and they died. In contrast, bigtooth maple conserved water in tissues to maintain acceptable visual appearance but not growing over a drought period.
Author: Johan Van Huylenbroeck Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319906984 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 888
Book Description
Ornamental plants are economically important worldwide. Both growers and consumers ask continuously for new, improved varieties. Although there are numerous ornamental species, ornamental plant breeding and plant breeding research is mainly limited to some major species. This book focuses on the recent advances and achievements in ornamental plant breeding. The first part of the book focuses on plant traits and breeding techniques that are typical for ornamental plants. Eminent research groups write these general chapters. For plant traits like flower colour or shape, breeding for disease resistance and vase or shelf life are reviewed. General technical plant breeding chapters deal with mutation breeding, polyploidisation, in vitro breeding techniques and new developments in molecular techniques. The second part of the book consists of crop-specific chapters. Here all economically major ornamental species are handled together with selected representative species from different plant groups (cut flowers, pot plants, woody ornamental plants). In these crop-specific chapters, the main focus is on recent scientific achievements over the last decade.
Author: Stephen T. Cockerham Publisher: UCANR Publications ISBN: 1601076630 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
Water is an increasingly valuable and limited resource, often perceived as being wasted on turfgrass. This much-anticipated second edition brings clear, current, science-based information on turfgrass management and water conservation to turf managers and researchers alike. Inside you’ll find a look at the current understanding of water use as well as new technologies being researched to reduce water use by turfgrass. Attention is paid to water quality and turfgrass as a key part of the urban environment, how integrating turfgrass with other landscape uses of water can be part of a conservation plan, and how various water qualities, including reclaimed water, can be part of a management plan. Chapters also cover •advances in drought, heat, and salinity stress tolerance •the role of water in modified root zone media and native soils •water management technologies •considerations for construction and management of urban green spaces including parks and golf courses •water depletion, pesticide and nutrient runoff A chapter summarizing the practical application of the science in each chapter rounds out the text, presenting the information in an immediately useable format. Includes 10 tables and figures, 20 color photos, a U.S. customary to metric conversion table, and an 8-page glossary.
Author: Wenhao Dai Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429531435 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
This book addresses the importance woody plants have in agriculture, forestry, and the environment and how various stresses affect their performance. It reviews physiological and molecular responses of woody plants to major environmental stresses and focuses on the mechanisms involved in imparting resistance to stress. Chapters cover basics of plant physiology including plant structure and plant growth, photosynthesis, respiration, plant growth regulation, abiotic and biotic plant stresses including drought, water logging, nutrient deficiency, salinity, chilling, freezing, heat, oxidative stress, and heavy metal toxicity.
Author: Mohammad Pessarakli Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466553294 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1018
Book Description
Continuous discoveries in plant and crop physiology have resulted in an abundance of new information since the publication of the second edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, necessitating a new edition to cover the latest advances in the field. Like its predecessors, the Third Edition offers a unique, complete collection of topics
Author: Ghazi Abu Rumman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Halophytes Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
[Truncated abstract] Growth and physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance in three halophytic turfgrasses (Distichlis spicata, Sporobolus virginicus and Paspalum vaginatum) and a non-halophyte (Pennisetum clandestinum) were studied. Field experiments were conducted at a site in Western Australia with plots irrigated either with saline groundwater (13.5 dS m-1) or potable water, to assess changes in soil salinity and responses of the turfgrass species. Glasshouse experiments further characterised physiological responses to high levels of salinity. Key questions addressed by this study regarding the use of saline irrigation water were: (i) Will build up of salts in the soil have adverse effects on growth and quality of turfgrass, and what irrigation volumes are required to best manage salt accumulation? (ii) Will halophytic grasses prevent large increases in Na+ and Cl- concentrations in leaf tissues and thus retain high leaf colour, as compared to the non-halophyte, as a major criterion for salinity tolerance? (iii) Will turfgrass water use by the halophytes be maintained under saline irrigation, whereas declines in water use are expected for the non-halophyte if suffering from salinity stress? (iv) After salts are leached out of the root-zone by autumn/winter rains, how well can the halophytic and non-halophytic turfgrasses recover? In a field experiment, saline water ECw of 13.5 dS m-1 and potable water were used to irrigate replicated plots of the four species. Changes in soil salinity were evaluated; ECsoil solution was ~6.5 dS m-1 prior to saline irrigation and increased gradually to ~ 40 dS m-1 by mid-summer, and growth of the non-halophyte was severely reduced. By contrast, growth of two of the halophytes was not impeded (S. virginicus and D. spicata). Colour remained unchanged for the three halophytes, but it declined in P. clandestinum. In addition, the species differed in vigour; P. vaginatum was the most vigorous of the studied species. Toxic ions (Na+ and Cl-) increased in concentration in the leaf tissues of the four species when irrigated with saline water, however, mechanisms of ion exclusion (or excretion) enabled the halophytes to maintain lower Na+ and Cl, and retain higher K+:Na+ ratio than the non-halophyte. S. virginicus and D. spicata contained ~50% less Na+ and Cl- than P. clandestinum...
Author: Nisa Leksungnoen
Author: Nisa Leksungnoen
Author: Johan Van Huylenbroeck
Author: Stephen T. Cockerham
Author: Dorothy E. Dean
Author: M. Ajmal Khan
Author: 
Author: Wenhao Dai
Author: 
Author: Mohammad Pessarakli
Author: Ghazi Abu Rumman