Author: T. AkiyamaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The Reduction of NOx-emissions from Oil and Gas Fired Industrial Furnaces by Burner Modifications
Author: T. AkiyamaThe Reduction of NOx Emissions from Oil and Gas Fired Industrial Furnaces
Author: J. G. WitkampAP-9 Trials Report
Author: T. AkiyamaReduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions by Combustion Process Modification in Oil and Gas Flames
Author: János Miklós BeérPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
Book Description
Results of an experimental-computational investigation to establish the design principles of a low-NOx burner of novel design are reported. The burner is designed to achieve staged combustion by a combination of radial density gradients and rotating flow in the flame. Fuel/air mixing is suppressed by radial density stratification close to the burner but is promoted by a toroidal recirculating flow further downstream of the burner. This design is referred to as the "Radially Stratified Flame Core" (RSFC) Burner. All experimental results described in this report are obtained with the RSFC Burner. Parametric and detailed experimental studies carried out with natural gas and fuel oil flames in the pilot scale flame tunnel of the MIT Combustion Research Facility (CRF) served for the optimization of the burner for low-NOx and CO emissions. The results showed that for several operational modes of the burner input variables, highly stable flames with low-NOx and CO emission levels were attainable. The primary operating variables were found to be the radial distributions of the air flow and the swirl velocity at the exit from the burner, and the central fuel injection velocity and angle. Minimum values of NOx and CO emissions obtained in the first phase of our investigation were: 70 ppm NOx (at 3% 0) and 56 ppm CO for natural gas, 54 ppm NOX and 23 ppm CO for No. 2 fuel oil and 97 ppm NOx and 32 ppm CO for No. 6 fuel oil. These results were obtained without staging of combustion air and without flue gas recirculation. In a further stage of the investigation, flue gas was recirculated through the natural gas flame and small amount of steam (12 wt. % of the fuel mass flow rate) was injected into the fuel, resulting in significant additional reduction of NOx to the level of 15 ppm. In heavy fuel oil flames, NOX emissions of less than 60 ppm were reached with small amounts of overfire air (10%). The time frame of the experiments described in this report is from August 1989 through December 1991. In the summer of 1991 ABB-Combustion Engineering announced plans to develop the RSFC concept towards a commercialized burner for utility use. The primary thrust of the planned development was for a gas-fired burner, but it was recognized that successful commercialization would call for a dual-fuel capability, i.e., the burner should yield low NO, emissions when burning either natural gas or No. 6 fuel oil. Thus, while some further work is required to establish optimum operating conditions for the RSFC Burner with natural gas, the primary focus of future investigation at MIT will be on improvement of the burner's fuel oil firing performance. This will involve both modeling and experimental studies
Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOx Control
Author: Control Techniques for Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources
Author: Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled
Author: Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428902805
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 57
Book Description
Proceedings of the Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOx Control
Author: J. Edward CichanowiczPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Combustion
Languages : en
Pages : 16
Book Description
NOx Emission Reduction by Oscillating Combustion
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Book Description
High-temperature, natural gas-fired furnaces, especially those fired with preheated air, produce large quantities of NO(subscript x) per ton of material processed. Regulations on emissions from industrial furnaces are becoming increasingly more stringent. In addition, competition is forcing operators to make their furnaces more productive and/or efficient. Switching from preheated air to industrial oxygen can increase efficiency and reduce NO(subscript x), but oxygen is significantly more costly than air and may not be compatible with the material being heated. What was needed, and what was developed during this project, is a technology that reduces NO(subscript x) emissions while increasing furnace efficiency for both air- and oxy-fired furnaces. Oscillating combustion is a retrofit technology that involves the forced oscillation of the fuel flow rate to a furnace. These oscillations create successive, fuel-rich and fuel-lean zones within the furnace. Heat transfer from the flame to the load increases due to the more luminous fuel-rich zones, a longer overall flame length, and the breakup of the thermal boundary layer. The increased heat transfer shortens heat up times, thereby increasing furnace productivity, and reduces the heat going up the stack, thereby increasing efficiency. The fuel-rich and fuel-lean zones also produce substantially less NO(subscript x) than firing at a constant excess air level. The longer flames and higher heat transfer rate reduces overall peak flame temperature and thus reduces additional NO(subscript x) formation from the eventual mixing of the zones and burnout of combustibles from the rich zones. This project involved the development of hardware to implement oscillating combustion on an industrial scale, the laboratory testing of oscillating combustion on various types of industrial burners, and the field testing of oscillating combustion on several types of industrial furnace. Before laboratory testing began, a market study was conducted, based on the attributes of oscillating combustion and on the results of an earlier project at GTI and Air Liquide, to determine which applications for oscillating combustion would show the greatest probability for technical success and greatest probability for market acceptability. The market study indicated that furnaces in the steel, glass, and metal melting industries would perform well in both categories. These findings guided the selection of burners for laboratory testing and, with the results of the laboratory testing, guided the selection of field test sites.
Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion
Author: Charles E. Baukal Jr.Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439862303
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 779
Book Description
Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion-new technologies that produce oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include less pollutant emissi