THE RADIOCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF AMERICIUM IN THE PRESENCE OF PLUTONIUM IN URINE. PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Americium is precipitated with bismuth phosphate from a nitric acid- digested urine sample. The bismuth phosphate is wet-ashed, dissolved in 6N--HCl, and the americium is precipitated with lamthanum fluoride. The lanthanum fluoride is metathesized to the hydroxide, and the precipitate is dissolved in 2N- nitric acid. Removal of concurrently metabolized plutonium is accomplished by liquid-liquid extraction of the nitric acid soiution with 0.1-M di(2- ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EIIPA) in chloroform. The purified americium is carried on lanthanum fluoride. The precipitate is slurried onto a stainless steel plamchet and counted in a low-background proportional alpha counter. The method is effective for quantitative separation from plutonium and uranium. Quantities of the order of 0.5 dpm of americium cam be detected in a urine sample. (auth).
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Americium is precipitated with bismuth phosphate from a nitric acid- digested urine sample. The bismuth phosphate is wet-ashed, dissolved in 6N--HCl, and the americium is precipitated with lamthanum fluoride. The lanthanum fluoride is metathesized to the hydroxide, and the precipitate is dissolved in 2N- nitric acid. Removal of concurrently metabolized plutonium is accomplished by liquid-liquid extraction of the nitric acid soiution with 0.1-M di(2- ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EIIPA) in chloroform. The purified americium is carried on lanthanum fluoride. The precipitate is slurried onto a stainless steel plamchet and counted in a low-background proportional alpha counter. The method is effective for quantitative separation from plutonium and uranium. Quantities of the order of 0.5 dpm of americium cam be detected in a urine sample. (auth).
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: IAEA ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 188
Book Description
Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Author: Eileen Welsome Publisher: Delta ISBN: 0307767337 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 724
Book Description
When the vast wartime factories of the Manhattan Project began producing plutonium in quantities never before seen on earth, scientists working on the top-secret bomb-building program grew apprehensive. Fearful that plutonium might cause a cancer epidemic among workers and desperate to learn more about what it could do to the human body, the Manhattan Project's medical doctors embarked upon an experiment in which eighteen unsuspecting patients in hospital wards throughout the country were secretly injected with the cancer-causing substance. Most of these patients would go to their graves without ever knowing what had been done to them. Now, in The Plutonium Files, Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter Eileen Welsome reveals for the first time the breadth of the extraordinary fifty-year cover-up surrounding the plutonium injections, as well as the deceitful nature of thousands of other experiments conducted on American citizens in the postwar years. Welsome's remarkable investigation spans the 1930s to the 1990s and draws upon hundreds of newly declassified documents and other primary sources to disclose this shadowy chapter in American history. She gives a voice to such innocents as Helen Hutchison, a young woman who entered a prenatal clinic in Nashville for a routine checkup and was instead given a radioactive "cocktail" to drink; Gordon Shattuck, one of several boys at a state school for the developmentally disabled in Massachusetts who was fed radioactive oatmeal for breakfast; and Maude Jacobs, a Cincinnati woman suffering from cancer and subjected to an experimental radiation treatment designed to help military planners learn how to win a nuclear war. Welsome also tells the stories of the scientists themselves, many of whom learned the ways of secrecy on the Manhattan Project. Among them are Stafford Warren, a grand figure whose bravado masked a cunning intelligence; Joseph Hamilton, who felt he was immune to the dangers of radiation only to suffer later from a fatal leukemia; and physician Louis Hempelmann, one of the most enthusiastic supporters of the plan to inject humans with potentially carcinogenic doses of plutonium. Hidden discussions of fifty years past are reconstructed here, wherein trusted government officials debated the ethical and legal implications of the experiments, demolishing forever the argument that these studies took place in a less enlightened era. Powered by her groundbreaking reportage and singular narrative gifts, Eileen Welsome has created a work of profound humanity as well as major historical significance. From the Hardcover edition.
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Author: R. Giacomelli
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Author: Dow Chemical Company. Rocky Flats Division
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Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
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Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: Eileen Welsome