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Author: Rengin Aktar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
This dissertation explores excess infant and child mortality rates observed in Turkey, persistently throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Across three chapters, I examine this 'demographic puzzle' both in the context of a country's modern economic and cultural development, and public health investments, and at the micro-level, with families' behavioral transitions to formal health care services that are known to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality risks in newborns and young children. Chapter I defines the research problem in depth, by quantifying the size of Turkey's mortality lag with comparisons to other middle-income and Southern European countries. In addition, the chapter mainly relies on census data to present within-country variations in infant mortality rates, which overall suggest a massive regional and subgroup heterogeneity. With the second chapter, the dissertation moves on to a discussion of the existing theories of mortality decline. These theories can be grouped as: a) 'Structural' explanations which in turn have three subclasses (i) improvements in standards of living and nutrition, (ii) increasing public health investments, (iii) medical advances, and b) 'Cultural' explanations that invoke ideational shifts with which individuals conceive the medical causes of diseases as well as modernmethodsofpreventionandtreatment. Afterdemonstratingthecrudeoppositionthatexistsbetween structural and cultural theories of mortality decline, the second chapter shows how to get out of this trap by re- toolingawell-knownframeworkthatisoriginallydesignedtodealwithfertilitytransitions. Afterdefining 'under-utilization' of formal health services as a population problem at the intersection of the overarching importance of change in attitudes, and the availability of effective medical technologies in a society, Coale's 'Ready-Willing-Able' framework (1973) is reformulated to analyze behavioral transitions to the utilization of maternalandchildhealthcareservices. ThethirdchapterappliesthisconceptualizationtotheDemographicand Health Survey data from Turkey in a time-period (1988-2008) that has witnessed the largest and fastest gains in infant and child mortality reductions. The results of the third chapter demonstrate the analytic capabilities of the R-W-A model to understand exceptional mortality lags, despite large-scale import of Western medical technologies and improvements in national economy, in some developing nations.
Author: Rengin Aktar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
This dissertation explores excess infant and child mortality rates observed in Turkey, persistently throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Across three chapters, I examine this 'demographic puzzle' both in the context of a country's modern economic and cultural development, and public health investments, and at the micro-level, with families' behavioral transitions to formal health care services that are known to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality risks in newborns and young children. Chapter I defines the research problem in depth, by quantifying the size of Turkey's mortality lag with comparisons to other middle-income and Southern European countries. In addition, the chapter mainly relies on census data to present within-country variations in infant mortality rates, which overall suggest a massive regional and subgroup heterogeneity. With the second chapter, the dissertation moves on to a discussion of the existing theories of mortality decline. These theories can be grouped as: a) 'Structural' explanations which in turn have three subclasses (i) improvements in standards of living and nutrition, (ii) increasing public health investments, (iii) medical advances, and b) 'Cultural' explanations that invoke ideational shifts with which individuals conceive the medical causes of diseases as well as modernmethodsofpreventionandtreatment. Afterdemonstratingthecrudeoppositionthatexistsbetween structural and cultural theories of mortality decline, the second chapter shows how to get out of this trap by re- toolingawell-knownframeworkthatisoriginallydesignedtodealwithfertilitytransitions. Afterdefining 'under-utilization' of formal health services as a population problem at the intersection of the overarching importance of change in attitudes, and the availability of effective medical technologies in a society, Coale's 'Ready-Willing-Able' framework (1973) is reformulated to analyze behavioral transitions to the utilization of maternalandchildhealthcareservices. ThethirdchapterappliesthisconceptualizationtotheDemographicand Health Survey data from Turkey in a time-period (1988-2008) that has witnessed the largest and fastest gains in infant and child mortality reductions. The results of the third chapter demonstrate the analytic capabilities of the R-W-A model to understand exceptional mortality lags, despite large-scale import of Western medical technologies and improvements in national economy, in some developing nations.
Author: Y. Ilker Topcu Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 303052406X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 413
Book Description
Data and its processed state 'information' have become an indispensable resource for virtually all aspects of business, education, etc. Consequently, decisions regarding the handling of this data, transforming it into meaningful information, and ultimately arriving at the best course of action have taken on a new importance. This book highlights a selection of cutting-edge research on decision making presented at the 25th International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM 2019), held in Istanbul, Turkey.
Author: UNICEF. Publisher: UNICEF ISBN: 9280643185 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 168
Book Description
Having a child remains one of the biggest health risks for women worldwide. Fifteen hundred women die every day while giving birth. That's a half a million mothers every year. UNICEF's flagship publication, The State of the World's Children 2009, addresses maternal mortality, one of the most intractable problems for development work.The difference in pregnancy risk between women in developing countries and their peers in the industrialised world is often termed the greatest health divide in the world. A woman in Niger has a one in seven chance of dying during the course of her lifetime from complications during pregnancy or delivery. That's in stark contrast to the risk for mothers in America, where it's one in 4,800 or in Ireland, where it's just one in 48,000. Addressing that gap is a multidisciplinary challenge, requiring an emphasis on education, human resources, community involvement and social equality. At a minimum, women must be guaranteed antenatal care, skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetrics, and postpartum care. These essential interventions will only be guaranteed within the context of improved education and the abolition of discrimination.
Author: Steven Johnson Publisher: Penguin ISBN: 0525538879 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
“Offers a useful reminder of the role of modern science in fundamentally transforming all of our lives.” —President Barack Obama (on Twitter) “An important book.” —Steven Pinker, The New York Times Book Review The surprising and important story of how humans gained what amounts to an extra life, from the bestselling author of How We Got to Now and Where Good Ideas Come From In 1920, at the end of the last major pandemic, global life expectancy was just over forty years. Today, in many parts of the world, human beings can expect to live more than eighty years. As a species we have doubled our life expectancy in just one century. There are few measures of human progress more astonishing than this increased longevity. Extra Life is Steven Johnson’s attempt to understand where that progress came from, telling the epic story of one of humanity’s greatest achievements. How many of those extra years came from vaccines, or the decrease in famines, or seatbelts? What are the forces that now keep us alive longer? Behind each breakthrough lies an inspiring story of cooperative innovation, of brilliant thinkers bolstered by strong systems of public support and collaborative networks, and of dedicated activists fighting for meaningful reform. But for all its focus on positive change, this book is also a reminder that meaningful gaps in life expectancy still exist, and that new threats loom on the horizon, as the COVID-19 pandemic has made clear. How do we avoid decreases in life expectancy as our public health systems face unprecedented challenges? What current technologies or interventions that could reduce the impact of future crises are we somehow ignoring? A study in how meaningful change happens in society, Extra Life celebrates the enduring power of common goals and public resources, and the heroes of public health and medicine too often ignored in popular accounts of our history. This is the sweeping story of a revolution with immense public and personal consequences: the doubling of the human life span.
Author: Roger W. Byard Publisher: ISBN: 9781925261677 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 844
Book Description
This volume covers aspects of sudden infant and early childhood death, ranging from issues with parental grief, to the most recent theories of brainstem neurotransmitters. It also deals with the changes that have occurred over time with the definitions of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome), SUDI (sudden unexpected death in infancy) and SUDIC (sudden unexpected death in childhood). The text will be indispensable for SIDS researchers, SIDS organisations, paediatric pathologists, forensic pathologists, paediatricians and families, in addition to residents in training programs that involve paediatrics. It will also be of use to other physicians, lawyers and law enforcement officials who deal with these cases, and should be a useful addition to all medical examiner/forensic, paediatric and pathology departments, hospital and university libraries on a global scale. Given the marked changes that have occurred in the epidemiology and understanding of SIDS and sudden death in the very young over the past decade, a text such as this is very timely and is also urgently needed.
Author: WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9241563702 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
Social justice is a matter of life and death. It affects the way people live, their consequent chance of illness, and their risk of premature death. We watch in wonder as life expectancy and good health continue to increase in parts of the world and in alarm as they fail to improve in others.
Author: Hans-Peter Blossfeld Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1135639124 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 321
Book Description
Including new developments and publications which have appeared since the publication of the first edition in 1995, this second edition: *gives a comprehensive introductory account of event history modeling techniques and their use in applied research in economics and the social sciences; *demonstrates that event history modeling is a major step forward in causal analysis. To do so the authors show that event history models employ the time-path of changes in states and relate changes in causal variables in the past to changes in discrete outcomes in the future; and *introduces the reader to the computer program Transition Data Analysis (TDA). This software estimates the sort of models most frequently used with longitudinal data, in particular, discrete-time and continuous-time event history data. Techniques of Event History Modeling can serve as a student textbook in the fields of statistics, economics, the social sciences, psychology, and the political sciences. It can also be used as a reference for scientists in all fields of research.
Author: Rengin Aktar
Author: Rengin Aktar
Author: Y. Ilker Topcu
Author: Leela Visaria
Author: UNICEF.
Author: Steven Johnson
Author: 
Author: Roger W. Byard
Author: American Anthropological Association
Author: WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health
Author: Hans-Peter Blossfeld