The Pupae of Culicomorpha PDF Download

Author: Art Borkent
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781869779573
Category : Diptera
Languages : en
Pages : 98

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Author: Art Borkent
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781775575702
Category : Ceratopogonidae
Languages : en
Pages : 327

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Book Description
The pupae of species in each of the 45 genera of Ceratopogonidae known in this stage are diagnosed and described. A standard set of terms is provided, with a glossary, for all pertinent structures of the pupal stage within a context of other Culicomorpha. The variety of terms provided by previous authors are synonymized. Some pupal structures are directly related to developing adult structures and these are discussed. A key to the genera (and to the subgenera of ForcipomyiaMeigen) allows for their identification. Pupation and pupal behaviour is summarized. A table of all previous descriptions of each stage of the immatures (egg, larva, pupa) is provided, showing that 13% of all validly named extant Ceratopogonidae are known as pupae. This study examined 45% of these species. All species known as fossil pupae are discussed. A phylogenetic analysis based primarily on pupal characters confirms the relationships between the subfamilies as well as the relationships between the genera in Leptoconopinae, Forcipomyiinae and Dasyheleinae. The question of the monophyly of the Culicoidini remains unresolved. Results confirm the paraphyly of the Ceratopogonini and, for the first time, the Sphaeromiini sensu lato, which is divided into Hebetulini (new tribe), Johannsenomyiini Crampton (new status) and Sphaeromiini sensu novum. Sphaeromiini sensu novum includes Sphaeromias Curtis, Leehelea Debenham, Homohelea Kieffer and Xenohelea Kieffer and forms the sister group of the Palpomyiini. Other genera in Sphaeromiini sensu lato not known as pupae are discussed. The genus Mallochohelea Wirth is shown to be polyphyletic and one group of species is therefore recognized as members of the new genus Anebomyia (type species = Mallochohelea atripesWirth). A number of species previously placed in Stilobezzia Kieffer are shown to belong to Schizonyxhelea Clastrier. Study of the type species of the monotypic genus Nemoromyia Liu and Yu showed it to be a member of the Palpomyia distincta species group and the generic name is therefore a new junior synonym of Palpomyia. Examination of pupae showed that the following species were misplaced and are now in other genera as follows: Schizonyxhelea brevicostalis (Das Gupta & Wirth), 1968: 28 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea bulla(Thomsen), 1935: 289 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea caribe (Lane & Forattini), 1958: 208 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea diminuta (Lane & Forattini), 1958: 209 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea obscura (Lane & Forattini), 1958: 216 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea panamensis (Lane & Forattini), 1958: 218 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea thomsenae (Wirth), 1953: 83 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea scutata (Lane & Forattini), 1961: 92 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Pellucidomyia geari (de Meillon & Wirth), 1981: 547 (Macropeza) new combination, Dibezzia prominens (Johannsen) 1932: 435 (Johannsenomyia) new combination, Nilobezzia theileri (de Meillon & Wirth, 1981:552) (Sphaeromias) new combination, Anebomyia atripes (Wirth, 1962: 281) (Mallochohelea) new combination, Anebomyia fluminea (de Meillon & Wirth), 1981: 550 (Mallochohelea) new combination, Anebomyia siricis (de Meillon), 1961: 50 (Sphaeromias) new combination, Anebomyia texensis (Wirth), 1962: 283 (Mallochohelea) new combination, Anebomyia yunnana (Yu & Zou), in Yu et al. 2005: 1503 (Mallochohelea) new combination, Bezzia goezii (Schrank), 1803: 72 (Tipula) new combination (also a nomen nudum), Palpomyia nemorosa (Liu & Yu), 1991: 26 (Nemoromyia) new combination. Bezzia xanthogaster (Kieffer), 1919: 130 (Probezzia) is a junior homonym of Probezzia xanthogaster(Kieffer), 1917: 329 (Bezzia) and is here given the new name Bezzia gilvigaster Borkent. The fossil genus Paraculicoides Pierce, 1966: 94 and its type species Paraculicoides rouseae Pierce, 1966: 94 are removed from the Ceratopogonidae and likely belong in the Psychodidae.

Author: Wilfried Wichard
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004473521
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 343

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A completely updated and translated edition of the author's famous book Atlas zur Biologie der Wasserinsekten. br/> This comprehensive work gives a vivid overview of the numerous adaptations of aquatic insects to life in an aquatic environment. 148 picture plates show more than 900 scanning electron microscope photographs with magnifications from 2.5 to 12,000 times natural size. Besides the habitus, they depict the wealth of morphological structures on the body surfaces. Explanatory texts as well as more than 150 additional line drawings, graphs and diagrams accompany each picture plate on its opposite page. In order to create an overview, on which the readers can orient themselves, a broad spectrum of all insect orders that include aquatic and semiaquatic insects has been chosen: Collembola, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Heteroptera (Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha), Megaloptera, Planipennia, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera (Tipulidae, Limoniidae, Blephariceridae, Deuterophlebiidae, Psychodidae, Ptychopteridae, Dixidae, Chaoboridae, Culicidae, Simuliidae, Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Stratiomyidae, Athericidae, Tabanidae, Syrphidae, Ephydridae, Muscidae). The book includes aquatic insects from all continents and from a wide variety of aquatic habitats. The Biological Atlas of Aquatic Insects was inspired by the fascinating variety of aquatic insects and their diverse adaptations to a life in the aquatic environment. Underlying the diversity of life histories and differing life forms (burrowers, climbers, sprawlers, clingers, and swimmers) and the adaptations of mouthparts and feeding behaviour to the trophic systems (shredders, collectors, scrapers, piercers, predators, and parasites) are the necessary physiological mechanisms that make it possible for the insects to ecologically adapt to an aquatic mode of life. The central themes of the book, the basic functions of an aquatic mode of life, respiration and osmoregulation, have been described for all of the insect groups. Without these basic functions life in fresh water would not be possible. They are important physiological components and play a significant role in answering the question: What makes originally land dwelling insects turn into aquatic insects? The Biological Atlas of Aquatic Insects is intended for both professional and amateur entomologists working with aquatic insects as well as for students of biology and limnology and should reveal to them the fully adapted aquatic insects, which participate in freshwater ecosystems. The Biological Atlas of Aquatic Insects has already had some fine reviews in entomological journals.

Author: Steven M. Goodman
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691229406
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2297

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A marvelously illustrated reference to the natural wonders of one of the most spectacular places on earth Separated from Africa’s mainland for tens of millions of years, Madagascar has evolved a breathtaking wealth of biodiversity, becoming home to thousands of species found nowhere else on the planet. The New Natural History of Madagascar provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date synthesis available of this island nation’s priceless biological treasures. Now fully revised and expanded, this beautifully illustrated compendium features contributions by more than 600 globally renowned experts who cover the history of scientific exploration in Madagascar, as well as the island’s geology and soils, climate, forest ecology, human ecology, marine and coastal ecosystems, plants, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. This invaluable two-volume reference also includes detailed discussions of conservation efforts in Madagascar that showcase several successful protected area programs that can serve as models for threatened ecosystems throughout the world. Provides the most comprehensive overview of Madagascar’s rich natural history Coedited by 18 different specialists Features hundreds of new contributions by world-class experts Includes hundreds of new illustrations Covers a broad array of topics, from geology and climate to animals, plants, and marine life Sheds light on newly discovered species and draws on the latest science An essential resource for anyone interested in Madagascar or tropical ecosystems in general, from biologists and conservationists to ecotourists and armchair naturalists

Author: Neusa Hamada
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128042648
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 838

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Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates, Fourth Edition: Keys to Neotropical Hexapoda, Volume Three, provides a guide for identifying and evaluating a key subphylum, hexapoda, for Central America, South America and the Antarctic. This book is essential for anyone working in water quality management, conservation, ecology or related fields in this region, and is developed to be the most modern and consistent set of taxonomic keys available. It is part of a series that is designed to provide a highly comprehensive, current set of keys for a given bioregion, with all keys written in a consistent style. This series can be used for a full spectrum of interested readers, from students, to university professors and government agencies. - Includes zoogeographic coverage of the entire Neotropics, from central México and the Caribbean Islands, to the tip of South America - Identifies aquatic springtails (Collembola) and insects to the genus level for many groups, and family or subfamily level for less well known taxa - Presents multiple keys, from higher to lower taxonomic levels that are appropriate for each users' level of scientific knowledge and needs - Provides a general introduction and sections on limitations, terminology and morphology, material preparation and preservation, and references

Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
ISBN: 1490107487
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1201

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Issues in Life Sciences—Zoology / 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Emu Research. The editors have built Issues in Life Sciences—Zoology: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Emu Research in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Life Sciences—Zoology / 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Author: Peter Charles Barnard
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521632416
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 376

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Essential guide to the specialist literature for the identification of British insects and arachnids.

Author: Roger W. Crosskey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 742

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Book Description
The study of blackflies has come of age--the blackfly is now recognized as a carrier of major endemic diseases; its larval stages are seen to play a major role in the ecology of rivers and streams; and blackfly chromosomes have proved unusually amenable material for cytogenetical studies. The expanded interest in the blackfly has greatly increased the scientific literature about them--literature that is extremely technical, highly specialized, and often of little help to non-specialists. This work bridges the gap between specialists and those whose work brings them in contact with the blackfly, but who need information at a more general level. It synthesizes present knowledge about the natural history of the fly family Simuliidae, covering taxonomic background, elements of larval structure and life in water, adult fly structure, migration, mating, biting and bloodsucking, human diseases, and natural enemies of larval and adult flies. Over 1200 bibliographic citations, a glossary of technical terms, and numerous figures, tables and illustrations are included.

Author: Diego Santiago-Alarcon
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030516334
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 575

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The Tropics are home to the greatest biodiversity in the world, but tropical species are at risk due to anthropogenic activities, mainly land use change, habitat loss, invasive species, and pathogens. Over the past 20 years, the avian malaria and related parasites (Order: Haemosporida) systems have received increased attention in the tropical regions from a diverse array of research perspectives. However, to date no attempts have been made to synthesize the available information and to propose new lines of research. This book provides such a synthesis by not only focusing on the antagonistic interactions, but also by providing conceptual chapters on topics going from avian haemosporidians life cycles and study techniques, to chapters addressing current concepts on ecology and evolution. For example, a chapter synthesizing basic biogeography and ecological niche model concepts is presented, followed by one on the island biogeography of avian haemosporidians. Accordingly, researchers and professionals interested in these antagonistic interaction systems will find both an overview of the field with special emphasis on the tropics, and access to the necessary conceptual framework for various topics in ecology, evolution and systematics. Given its conceptual perspective, the book will appeal not only to readers interested in avian haemosporidians, but also to those more generally interested in the ecology, evolution and systematics of host-parasite interactions.

Author: William Derham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 502

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