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Author: Carolyn Jean Alish Publisher: ISBN: Category : Women Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract: The majority of women today work outside the home, and the fastest growing segment of working women is the working mother. Many women have retained responsibility for caring for their families and their households despite their fulltime employment. Little is known about the relationship between these multiple roles and her health behaviors. This study examined the relationships among attitudes toward and knowledge of nutrition, outcome values and expectancies, self-efficacy, social support, physical activity level, body image, self-esteem, body mass index, demographic characteristics and diet quality and dietary intake of calcium, iron, folate, total fat, fiber, and kilocalories in 356 fulltime working women 36.3 +/- 6.1 years of age. Social cognitive factors were assessed using a Likert-type questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire. Body mass index was calculated using self reported height and weight information. Diet quality was determined using the Healthy Eating Index. Qualitative interviewing was conducted in 35 subjects to identify perceptions working women have about their dietary and physical activity behaviors. There was no difference in diet quality or dietary intake between working women children and women without children. Women with children had significantly lower exercise index scores than women without children (p
Author: Carolyn Jean Alish Publisher: ISBN: Category : Women Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract: The majority of women today work outside the home, and the fastest growing segment of working women is the working mother. Many women have retained responsibility for caring for their families and their households despite their fulltime employment. Little is known about the relationship between these multiple roles and her health behaviors. This study examined the relationships among attitudes toward and knowledge of nutrition, outcome values and expectancies, self-efficacy, social support, physical activity level, body image, self-esteem, body mass index, demographic characteristics and diet quality and dietary intake of calcium, iron, folate, total fat, fiber, and kilocalories in 356 fulltime working women 36.3 +/- 6.1 years of age. Social cognitive factors were assessed using a Likert-type questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire. Body mass index was calculated using self reported height and weight information. Diet quality was determined using the Healthy Eating Index. Qualitative interviewing was conducted in 35 subjects to identify perceptions working women have about their dietary and physical activity behaviors. There was no difference in diet quality or dietary intake between working women children and women without children. Women with children had significantly lower exercise index scores than women without children (p
Author: Rei Shimizu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Health behavior in adolescence Languages : en Pages : 145
Book Description
Young adults, globally, have the lowest quality diet compared to any other age group. Low-quality diets, if sustained, are a significant health risk that can lead to or exacerbate cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. However, young adults in dietary research are rarely studied as a distinct age group. Consequently, little is known about the young adult food experience. Furthermore, research seldomly examines young adult diets using social work perspectives, applying socioecological frameworks with an aim towards social justice. As a result, little is known about whether and how psychosocial factors deeply relevant to young adulthood affect their diet.More research is needed to understand the young adult food experience, how these food experiences interact to predict dietary quality, and whether the strength of these mechanisms differs by poverty levels. To fill this gap, a series of secondary-data analyses were conducted with a nationally representative young adult subset of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The dissertation has three aims.Aim 1 describes food security, food-related beliefs and values, and dietary quality among young adults and examines differences in these food-related variables by demographics and depression symptomatology. This aim provides a landscape of the US young adult food experience.Aim 2 examines how depression, food security, and food-related beliefs and values are related to young adults' dietary quality. This aim utilizes structural equation modeling to test a theoretical and evidence-based model to examine pathways that predict young adult dietary quality .Aim 3 examines whether these relationships vary by federal income poverty levels. This aim includes poverty as a moderator to further examine significant pathways that emerge from Aim 2.There were several key findings. Food insecurity was negatively associated with dietary quality through depression symptomatology. Furthermore, there was a vicious cycle of food insecurity and dietary quality among low-income young adults, where higher levels of food insecurity were associated with increased depression symptoms, which in turn was further associated with higher food insecurity. Beliefs and values were also associated with dietary quality. Specifically, eating at restaurants to socialize and the importance of nutrition when grocery shopping were positive predictors of dietary quality. Additionally, believing that eating at restaurants is cheaper than cooking at home was a negative predictor of dietary quality only for higher-income young adults. Food insecurity, depression, and food-related beliefs and values are significant psychosocial predictors of young adult dietary quality. Tangible ways in which social workers can contribute to the food justice movement are discussed, based on these findings, through implications for social work practice, research, policy, and the social work profession. Overall, social work perspectives and skills are necessary but lacking within interdisciplinary and systematic efforts to comprehensively address dietary disparities that disproportionately affect vulnerable young adults. Study limitations are also discussed before concluding with an overall summary of the dissertation.
Author: Sarah Alexis Haack Publisher: ISBN: Category : Diffusion of innovations Languages : en Pages : 204
Book Description
The purpose of this research is to identify psychosocial and cognitive correlates of dietary intake patterns and weight status, and to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition guides and federal dietary guidance from an historical approach, identifying their long-term role in health attitudes and behaviors. Forty-seven college students completed a 24- hour dietary recall and Dietary Awareness Survey measuring demographic characteristics of participants, knowledge of the Food Guide Pyramid (FGP), support for federal dietary guidance, and self-efficacy for eating healthy. Adherence to FGP recommendations was low among participants, as were knowledge, support, and self-efficacy scores. No significant correlation was found between knowledge and intake. While there was no evidence of association between support, self-efficacy, and adherence, support was significantly correlated with increased fruit intake, and self-efficacy was associated with decreased intake of soft drinks. Lastly, those adhering to overall and dairy FGP recommendations had higher BMI scores than those not adhering. These results suggest limited retention of nutrition guide recommendations, as well as psychosocial determinants of adherence beyond intrapersonal factors. Limitations included, self-reported weight and dietary intake data, which may have introduced response bias, as well as a small, homogenous sample, limiting external validity. Future research should examine the role of interpersonal and environmental constructs in affecting dietary intake, as well as the association between dairy intake and weight status.
Author: Marta L. Axelson Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461396611 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 187
Book Description
Many of the diseases which afflict people in an affluent society like the United States seem to be related to food consumption (e.g., adult-onset diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and colon cancer). In recent years, the health-related professions have become aware that their exclusive aim of disease treatment must be expanded to include health promotion. Professionals in food and nutrition, health education, social marketing, and psychology, as well as others have become interested in finding ways to promote healthy behaviors such as appropriate food consumption patterns. To modify food-related behavior, knowledge about why people eat what they eat is required. Both biological and sociocultural factors determine people's consumption behavior. This monograph, however, examines only the sociocultural determinants of individuals' food-related behaviors within their zone of biological indifference. The sociocultural variables are divided into two major categories - sociodemographic and psychological. Sociodemographic variables are often called external variables and include income, ethnicity, age, and the like. Psychosocial variables are thought to reflect the individual's internal state, and commonly examined variables include knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes.
Author: Donna Spruijt-Metz Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1317616243 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 264
Book Description
Originally published in 1999, this title covers the entire empirical cycle in adolescent health research and education. It describes in depth the development and evaluation of a health education programme designed to enhance everyday health-related behaviours in an adolescent population, and offers comprehensive reviews of developmental theories of adolescence, ethical and theoretical issues in adolescent health education, and the major theories used in adolescent health research. The research presented here led to the development and testing of a new theory – the Theory of Salient Meanings of Behaviour – which departed from the cognitive theories that had thus far dominated adolescent health education and research, but which had often proved inadequate in describing and predicting adolescent health-related behaviour. The inception, growth, testing, and field testing of this new theory are traced here. The book is designed to appeal to both theoretical and applied scientists in the field of adolescent development, adolescent health and health education. A clear research methodology is set out for the complementary use of a wide range of qualitative and quantitative research methods.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309180368 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 156
Book Description
The United States is viewed by the world as a country with plenty of food, yet not all households in America are food secure, meaning access at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life. A proportion of the population experiences food insecurity at some time in a given year because of food deprivation and lack of access to food due to economic resource constraints. Still, food insecurity in the United States is not of the same intensity as in some developing countries. Since 1995 the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has annually published statistics on the extent of food insecurity and food insecurity with hunger in U.S. households. These estimates are based on a survey measure developed by the U.S. Food Security Measurement Project, an ongoing collaboration among federal agencies, academic researchers, and private organizations. USDA requested the Committee on National Statistics of the National Academies to convene a panel of experts to undertake a two-year study in two phases to review at this 10-year mark the concepts and methodology for measuring food insecurity and hunger and the uses of the measure. In Phase 2 of the study the panel was to consider in more depth the issues raised in Phase 1 relating to the concepts and methods used to measure food security and make recommendations as appropriate. The Committee on National Statistics appointed a panel of 10 experts to examine the above issues. In order to provide timely guidance to USDA, the panel issued an interim Phase 1 report, Measuring Food Insecurity and Hunger: Phase 1 Report. That report presented the panel's preliminary assessments of the food security concepts and definitions; the appropriateness of identifying hunger as a severe range of food insecurity in such a survey-based measurement method; questions for measuring these concepts; and the appropriateness of a household survey for regularly monitoring food security in the U.S. population. It provided interim guidance for the continued production of the food security estimates. This final report primarily focuses on the Phase 2 charge. The major findings and conclusions based on the panel's review and deliberations are summarized.
Author: Victor R. Preedy Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461473152 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 429
Book Description
Diet quality is a broad term that encapsulates both perceived and actual practices, personal preferences and cultural diversity. Measuring dietary quality can be problematic and includes investigating food types, the number or size of portions or their frequency. Diet quality may also be related to the type of food being ingested, snacking and other eating habits. Manufactured beverages and fast food may also be included as well as microbiological quality and attempts to improve single food items such as meats or vegetables. In this book, Diet Quality: An Evidence-Based Approach, Volume 2 all of the major facets of diet quality in relation to health outcomes are covered. This important new text includes methods for determining diet quality while adopting a holistic approach to impart information on the major areas of concern or knowledge. Chapters link in measurable indices of health such as obesity, pregnancy outcomes, cancer and cancer outcomes, and mortality. This book represents a diverse set of subject matters and seeks to fill a gap in the literature at a time when there is an increasing awareness that well being is associated with the qualitative nature of diets. Contributors are authors of international and national standing and emerging fields of science are incorporated. Diet Quality: An Evidence-Based Approach, Volume 2 is a useful new text designed for nutritionists, dietitians, clinicians, epidemiologist, policy makers and health care professionals of various disciplines.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309041392 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
Written and organized to be accessible to a wide range of readers, Improving America's Diet and Health explores how Americans can be persuaded to adopt healthier eating habits. Moving well beyond the "pamphlet and public service announcement" approach to dietary change, this volume investigates current eating patterns in this country, consumers' beliefs and attitudes about food and nutrition, the theory and practice of promoting healthy behaviors, and needs for further research. The core of the volume consists of strategies and actions targeted to sectors of societyâ€"government, the private sector, the health professions, the education communityâ€"that have special responsibilities for encouraging and enabling consumers to eat better. These recommendations form the basis for three principal strategies necessary to further the implementation of dietary recommendations in the United States.
Author: Richard Shepherd Publisher: CABI ISBN: 0851990320 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 409
Book Description
Written by leading international experts, this book explores one of the central difficulties faced by nutritionists today; how to improve people's health by getting them to change their dietary behaviour. It provides an overview of the current understanding of consumer food choice by exploring models of food choice, the motivations of consumers, biological, learning and societal influences on food choice, and food choices across the lifespan. It concludes by examining the barriers to dietary change and how nutritionists can best impact upon dietary behaviour.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309082846 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 182
Book Description
Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program reviews methods used to determine dietary risk based on failure to meet Dietary Guidelines for applicants to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Applicants to the WIC program must be at nutritional risk to be eligible for program benefits. Although "dietary risk" is only one of five nutrition risk categories, it is the category most commonly reported among WIC applicants. This book documents that nearly all low-income women in the childbearing years and children 2 years and over are at risk because their diets fail to meet the recommended numbers of servings of the food guide pyramid. The committee recommends that all women and children (ages 2-4 years) who meet the eligibility requirements based on income, categorical and residency status also be presumed to meet the requirement of nutrition risk. By presuming that all who meet the categorical and income eligibility requirements are at dietary risk, WIC retains its potential for preventing and correcting nutrition-related problems while avoiding serious misclassification errors that could lead to denial of services for eligible individuals.
Author: Carolyn Jean Alish
Author: Carolyn Jean Alish
Author: Rei Shimizu
Author: Sarah Alexis Haack
Author: Marta L. Axelson
Author: Donna Spruijt-Metz
Author: National Research Council
Author: Victor R. Preedy
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Richard Shepherd
Author: Institute of Medicine