The Properties of Nitrogen-vacancy Centres in Nanodiamond PDF Download

Author: Carlo Bradac
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diamonds
Languages : en
Pages : 233

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Author: Huan-Cheng Chang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119477085
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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Book Description
The most comprehensive reference on fluorescent nanodiamond physical and chemical properties and contemporary applications Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have drawn a great deal of attention over the past several years, and their applications and development potential are proving to be manifold and vast. The first and only book of its kind, Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is a comprehensive guide to the basic science and technical information needed to fully understand the fundamentals of FNDs and their potential applications across an array of domains. In demonstrating the importance of FNDs in biological applications, the authors bring together all relevant chemistry, physics, materials science and biology. Nanodiamonds are produced by powerful cataclysmic events such as explosions, volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts. They also can be created in the lab by high-pressure high-temperature treatment of graphite or detonating an explosive in a reactor vessel. A single imperfection can give a nanodiamond a specific, isolated color center which allows it to function as a single, trapped atom. Much smaller than the thickness of a human hair, a nanodiamond can have a huge surface area that allows it to bond with a variety of other materials. Because of their non-toxicity, nanodiamonds may be useful in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and gene therapy. The most comprehensive reference on a topic of rapidly increasing interest among academic and industrial researchers across an array of fields Includes numerous case studies and practical examples from many areas of research and industrial applications, as well as fascinating and instructive historical perspectives Each chapter addresses, in-depth, a single integral topic including the fundamental properties, synthesis, mechanisms and functionalisation of FNDs The first book published by the key patent holder with his research group in the field of FNDs Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is an important working resource for a broad range of scientists and engineers in industry and academia. It will also be a welcome reference for instructors in chemistry, physics, materials science, biology and related fields.

Author: Jeffrey Rable
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has a number of physical and electronic properties that make it useful in quantum information science and sensing applications. Even at room temperature, it has long coherence times, extending into the millisecond range, and its electronic spin state can be initialized, manipulated, and read out using a combination of optical excitation and microwave fields. This has enabled the measurement of a number of different physical phenomena in condensed matter physics over the last two decades, and new experimental approaches to NV center sensing are regularly published. In this work, we begin by discussing the history of NV center measurements and the basic properties of the NV center - its physical structure, its electronic properties, and its coherence times - and the roles that they play in various sensing measurements. Moving forward, we discuss the different types of NV center-containing diamond that have been utilized in the literature, before moving more specifically into how they have been used for magnetic field sensing, which the remainder of this dissertation is dedicated to. In chapter 2, we cover the experimental apparatus used in NV center measurements - our scanning fluorescence microscope, and the electronics used to control both our laser and microwave fields. We then detail how various different types of measurements can be performed using the apparatus developed earlier in the chapter, and the specific pulse sequences that can be utilized, before moving more specifically into the types of measurements performed in the body of this work - specifically, the detection of DC magnetic fields and off-resonant ferromagnetic dynamics. Moving forward, we cover the first project that was completed using these techniques, the detection of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in mesoscopic ferromagnetic features. Using a nanodiamond placement technique previously developed by Benjamin Piazza, a former undergraduate research assistant who is now at Northeastern University, and Eric Kamp, a former graduate student in the Samarth group, we position NV centers on various locations in ferromagnetic structures. Then, using the off-resonant continuous wave optically detected FMR measurements discussed in chapter 2, we demonstrate the we can measure localized variations in the FMR dispersion of these features, specifically detecting both edge modes and defect modes. This work presents a novel technique for the local detection of FMR, which could be utilized by groups without an expensive, difficult to build NV center scanning probe magnetometer. The second project we discuss is an extension of the technique developed in the previous chapter; we now move from measuring FMR in mesoscopic features into the detection of nanoscale magnetic texture dynamics in nanoscale features. Here, we use the nanodiamond placement technique detailed in the previous chapter to position NV center containing nanodiamonds over transverse domain wall pinning sites in permalloy nanowires, and, using a pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance measurement, detect their oscillations. We then discuss the theoretical underpinnings of this off-resonant detection using micromagnetic simulations. This work builds a foundation for future measurements on coupling of the NV center with domain wall oscillations, and I envision future work on this project utilizing domain walls as nano-oscillators to generate or amplify a local magnetic field at the NV center. Finally, we discuss some miscellaneous unfinished projects. These include a project on the detection of FMR in artificial spin ice composed of platinum/cobalt islands and a soft permalloy underlayer, which enhances inter-island coupling, and measurements on ferromagnetic van der Waals material vanadium-doped tungsten disulfide. The first project yielded some interesting results, but the samples were dirty and difficult to measure after being used in an oil immersion lens for previous MOKE measurements. We propose that a future continuation of this project is possible, but would require new samples and a systematic plan of attack in order to produce a viable story. The V-WS2 project yielded some interesting results, but not much could be done because of the samples' short lifetimes when exposed to oxygen. Future work on this project could benefit from a different approach, such as exfoliation of the material onto an NV center-containing diamond film. In the final chapter, we briefly discuss the multiple different directions this project can take, from continuation of the projects discussed in this work to the beginning of completely new projects, such as the growth of Boron-doped diamond and the detection of surface magnon-plasmon-polaritons.

Author: Dmitry Budker
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107010357
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431

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Book Description
Comprehensive coverage of the principles, technology and diverse applications of optical magnetometry for graduate students and researchers in atomic physics.

Author: Oliver A Williams
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849737614
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 553

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Book Description
The exceptional mechanical, optical, surface and biocompatibility properties of nanodiamond have gained it much interest. Exhibiting the outstanding bulk properties of diamond at the nanoscale in the form of a film or small particle makes it an inexpensive alternative for many applications. Nanodiamond is the first comprehensive book on the subject. The book reviews the state of the art of nanodiamond films and particles covering the fundamentals of growth, purification and spectroscopy and some of its diverse applications such as MEMS, drug delivery and biomarkers and biosensing. Specific chapters include the theory of nanodiamond, diamond nucleation, low temperature growth, diamond nanowires, electrochemistry of nanodiamond, nanodiamond flexible implants, and cell labelling with nanodiamond particles. Edited by a leading expert in nanodiamonds, this is the perfect resource for those new to, and active in, nanodiamond research and those interested in its applications.

Author: Benjamin Kwasi Ofori-Okai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 70

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Book Description
The NV center is becoming a very hot topic in many areas of science, including, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Quantum Information. The Degen group has focused on a specific application of the NV center, namely scanning magnetometry. In my time in the group, I focused on building a microscope and studying NV centers in bulk and nanocrystalline diamond. I began by building a confocal microscope which was capable of observing and determine single NV centers. I made measurements on the photon statistics of different defects to determine if they were single emitters or multiple emitters. I also made microwave frequency magnetic measurements to determine the spin properties of single NV centers by measuring their couplings to neighboring paramagnetic nuclei as well as to a spin bath. Through these efforts, I was able to successfully confirm that the microscope was capable of identifying and measuring single NV centers and their properties. Lastly, I worked on the first steps of improving our understanding of NV centers in bulk diamond crystals. The goal of magnetometry involves putting the NV center as close to the diamond surface as possible. I made measurements that were aimed at studying the spin and coherence properties of the NV when it was within 10 nm of the diamond surface. These studies provided insight into the interactions of the NV center with the diamond surface.

Author: Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1394202156
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 292

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NANODIAMONDS small capIN/small cap ANALYTICAL small capAND/small cap BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Comprehensive resource highlighting the significance and applications of fluorescent and non-fluorescent nanodiamonds in various domains Nanodiamonds in Analytical and Biological Sciences combines the disciplines of chemistry, physics, materials science, and biology to demonstrate the significance of nanodiamonds, offering precise analysis of the impacts and up-to-date applications of fluorescent and non-fluorescent nanodiamonds, including in COVID-19 and artificial intelligence, with illustrations, case studies, practical examples, and novel perspectives included throughout. Edited by two highly qualified scholars with significant experience in the field, topics covered include: Fundamental properties, synthesis, mechanisms, and functionalization of nanodiamonds, and toxicity assessment Fabrication and surface modification of fluorescent nanodiamonds and in vitro and in vivo bioimaging of fluorescent nanodiamonds Nanodiamond-enabled drug delivery and nanodiamond for mass spectrometry-based analysis of peptides, proteins, and proteomes Quantum sensing, applications in physico-chemical and biomedical sensing, and perspective and outlook on the future of nanodiamond research Nano-scale thermometry of fluorescent nanodiamonds and nanodiamond-enabled drug delivery Offering a balanced, multidisciplinary, and comprehensive overview of the significance of fluorescent and non-fluorescent nanodiamonds, Nanodiamonds in Analytical and Biological Sciences is an essential resource for academic researchers and industry professionals working in fields spanning chemistry, physics, materials science and biology.

Author: Michael Lake
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 97

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Book Description
The NV defect center in diamond forms a pseudo-atomic quantum system with discreet optically excitable transitions between ground and excited states in the gap between valence and conduction bands, making the NV center a deep-level defect center in diamond. For the negatively charged NV center (NV-), both the ground and excited states are spin triplets (S=1) and coupling between optical and spin states provides unique opportunities for optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) and quantum metrology under ambient conditions. As an atomically sized point defect that is stable in single nanodiamonds as small as a few nanometers, the NV center enables spin based imaging of temperature, electric fields, magnetic fields and mechanical strain with nanoscale spatial resolution. Made of carbon, nanodiamonds are also ideal nanoparticles for use in biological systems, exhibiting extremely low cytotoxicity, no photo bleaching and exceptional contrast in transmission electron and light microscopy. With the ability to act as both a passive, non perturbing sensor (e.g. a diamagnetic material used for sensing magnetic fields) and a connection point for two way, direct coupling of far field optics to NV$^-$ spins and indirectly to the highly localized neighborhood of atoms, electronic states and phonon modes in the local vicinity, NV diamond provides a route to nanoscale field sensing and spin based optical microscopy. These sensors are also stable in nanodiamonds. For nanoparticles, the reduction in particle diameter dramatically enhances the proportion of the material that is surface exposed, enhancing any surface related properties. Nitrogen Vacancy centers in nanodiamonds provide another example of material properties that vary with particle size. In chapter 5, evidence that modulation of nanodiamonds fluorescent emissions by electrical perturbations in their surrouding environment allows transduction of local electrodynamics into a far field optical signal capable of mapping action potentials in cardiomyocytes in presented. The unifying theme for all of the work presented in this dissertation is to enable the use of magnetic resonance signals and interactions for imaging and sensing in previously inaccessible regimes. The specific focus is on methods and techniques to enable nanoscale physical sensing and functional imaging in live tissues, with the ultimate aim to lay the predicate for the combination of both without compromise.

Author: Jean-Charles Arnault
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0323430325
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 506

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Book Description
Nanodiamonds: Advanced Material Analysis, Properties and Applications illustrates the complementarity of specific techniques to fully characterize nanodiamonds from their diamond core (crystalline structure, defects, sp2 carbon, impurities, strain) to their surface (surface chemistry, stability of surface groups, reactivity, surface charge, colloidal properties). The relationship between physical and chemical parameters sits at the heart of what this book is about. Recent advances in the synthesis of nanodiamonds either by HPHT or detonation are covered, along with extended characterization of the core and surface of nanodiamonds, focusing on the most advanced experimental tools developed for nanoscale diagnosis. Each technique presented includes presentation of both principles and applications. This combination of advanced characterizations offers readers a better understanding of the relationship that exists between physical and chemical parameters of nanodiamonds and their properties. In particular, the role of structural defects or chemical impurities is illustrated. Toxicity of nanodiamonds for cells is also discussed, as It is an essential issue for their bioapplications. Final sections in the book cover the main promising new advances and applications of nanodiamonds, the formation of hybrids, and their use in polymer and oil composites. - Provides a focused analysis of the relationship between the physical, chemical parameters, and properties of nanodiamonds - Allows the reader to better understand the material characterization of nanodiamonds and how they can be most successfully used - Presents R&D scientists and engineers with the information they need to understand how nanodiamonds can be used to create more efficient products - Includes novel applications, for example, the formation of hybrids based on nanodiamonds, that are covered in detail

Author: Asaf Grosz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319340700
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 576

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Book Description
This book gathers, for the first time, an overview of nearly all of the magnetic sensors that exist today. The book is offering the readers a thorough and comprehensive knowledge from basics to state-of-the-art and is therefore suitable for both beginners and experts. From the more common and popular AMR magnetometers and up to the recently developed NV center magnetometers, each chapter is describing a specific type of sensor and providing all the information that is necessary to understand the magnetometer behavior including theoretical background, noise model, materials, electronics, design and fabrication techniques, etc.