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Author: Pamela Cerria Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
The religious wave of terrorism continues to dominate modern terrorism and pose transnational threats. The religious wave emerged in 1979 with the Iranian revolution, and David Rapoport has identified that if it follows the pattern of its three predecessors, the wave could disappear by 2025. This thesis analyzes the elements that are expected to prolong the wave of religious terrorism beginning with the evaluation of the history of international terrorism. Rapoport's four main waves of modern terrorism serve as the backdrop for this thesis: first - the anarchist led movement; second - the anti-colonial movement; third - the new leftist movement; and fourth - the current religious wave with Islam at the heart. The five influential elements that determine the success of each wave are the terrorist organizations, diaspora population, states, sympathetic foreign publics, and super national organizations. The resiliency of the dominant terror organization in this wave, the Islamic State, plays a large role in the endurance of this wave. The Islamic State is evaluated against the four principles of the Aristotelian model of causality: material, formal, efficient, and final in order to assess them with a formalized model that adds rigor and completeness to the complex situation.
Author: Pamela Cerria Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
The religious wave of terrorism continues to dominate modern terrorism and pose transnational threats. The religious wave emerged in 1979 with the Iranian revolution, and David Rapoport has identified that if it follows the pattern of its three predecessors, the wave could disappear by 2025. This thesis analyzes the elements that are expected to prolong the wave of religious terrorism beginning with the evaluation of the history of international terrorism. Rapoport's four main waves of modern terrorism serve as the backdrop for this thesis: first - the anarchist led movement; second - the anti-colonial movement; third - the new leftist movement; and fourth - the current religious wave with Islam at the heart. The five influential elements that determine the success of each wave are the terrorist organizations, diaspora population, states, sympathetic foreign publics, and super national organizations. The resiliency of the dominant terror organization in this wave, the Islamic State, plays a large role in the endurance of this wave. The Islamic State is evaluated against the four principles of the Aristotelian model of causality: material, formal, efficient, and final in order to assess them with a formalized model that adds rigor and completeness to the complex situation.
Author: David C. Rapoport Publisher: Columbia University Press ISBN: 0231507844 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
Terrorism is a persistent form of political violence, but it appears intermittently, afflicting certain places in certain eras while others remain unscathed. Since the late nineteenth century, it has risen and fallen in recurrent generation-long spasms in which hundreds of short-lived groups wreak havoc. Why have past outbreaks of terror tended to come in waves, and how does this pattern shed light on future threats? David C. Rapoport, a preeminent scholar of political violence, identifies and analyzes four distinct waves of global terrorism. He examines the dynamics of each wave, contrasting their tactics, targets, and goals and placing them in the context of the much longer history of terrorism. Global terror emerged in the 1880s after technological changes transformed communication and transportation and dynamite enabled individuals or small groups to carry out bombings. Emanating from Russia, a first wave of anarchists assassinated prominent figures in what they called “propaganda of the deed.” This was followed by a second wave of anticolonial terrorism that arose in the British Empire in the 1920s. Beginning in the 1960s, a third wave of New Left movements took hostages and hijacked airplanes. Most recently, religious movements—mostly but not entirely in the Islamic world—have constituted a fourth wave, pioneering self-martyrdom or suicide bombing. Rapoport also considers whether a fifth wave of anti-immigrant or white supremacist terror is emerging today. Recasting the complex history of modern political violence, Waves of Global Terrorism makes a major contribution to our understanding of the roots of contemporary terrorism.
Author: Adelina Richards Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
According to Professor David C. Rapoport, the modern world has seen four different waves of terrorism: anarchist, anti-colonial, new left, and religious. The most recent and deadly form of terrorism is occurring today, religious terrorism. However, it is imperative to look forward into the future to determine how terrorism will develop new threats. What will the fifth wave of terrorism be, how will it develop, and when will it occur? The research examines the past four waves, analyzes current trends in terrorist attacks, discovers and defines the next wave of terrorism, and provides a risk analysis to help combat against upcoming threats. The original hypothesis was that the next wave of terrorism will be cultural in nature, and will develop along the divides of "incompatible civilizations." However, the research shows the next form of terrorism will be anti-government in nature.
Author: Aaron Murchan Publisher: ISBN: 9783668804951 Category : Languages : en Pages : 20
Book Description
Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict Studies, Security, grade: 72, Queen's University Belfast, language: English, abstract: Terrorism with a religious underpinning is a term that speaks for itself in that it is political violence committed in the name of a religion, for religious purposes, by religiously motivated individuals. Religiously motivated terrorism is not a new or contemporary concept as examples of 'religious terrorism' can be seen in the Bible, in the story of Joshua's return to Canaan, and throughout the Christian Crusades of the middle ages. Present-day religiously motivated terrorism is directly associated with Islam primarily due to the 9/11 attacks in 2001 and the subsequent US invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan as part of the War on Terror. Rapoport (2002) claims that the current resurgence of 'religious terrorism' is the "fourth wave of rebel terror", and is part of a naturally evolving movement of terrorism within states, succeeding the earlier waves of anarchism, anti-colonial and new left terrorism throughout the 20th Century. The propagation of religiously motivated terrorism has led many to conclude that the most potent forms of terrorism have a religious underpinning, a belief which may be justified by the emergence of ISIS and their brand of extremely potent violence. Yet, the dominance of secular ideologies in war and terrorism throughout the 20th Century raises questions in regards to whether the view of religiously motivated violence as more potent is simply just a subjectively held Western belief (Bourne, 2014). This essay will compare the aims and means by which religiously motivated and secular terrorists act before addressing the violence of contemporary Islamic terrorism and the effect of fearmongering propaganda in amplifying the potency that underpins religious terrorism.
Author: Erica Chenoweth Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0191047139 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 704
Book Description
The Oxford Handbook of Terrorism systematically integrates the substantial body of scholarship on terrorism and counterterrorism before and after 9/11. In doing so, it introduces scholars and practitioners to state of the art approaches, methods, and issues in studying and teaching these vital phenomena. This Handbook goes further than most existing collections by giving structure and direction to the fast-growing but somewhat disjointed field of terrorism studies. The volume locates terrorism within the wider spectrum of political violence instead of engaging in the widespread tendency towards treating terrorism as an exceptional act. Moreover, the volume makes a case for studying terrorism within its socio-historical context. Finally, the volume addresses the critique that the study of terrorism suffers from lack of theory by reviewing and extending the theoretical insights contributed by several fields - including political science, political economy, history, sociology, anthropology, criminology, law, geography, and psychology. In doing so, the volume showcases the analytical advancements and reflects on the challenges that remain since the emergence of the field in the early 1970s.
Author: Jean E. Rosenfeld Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136848665 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 375
Book Description
This book argues that terrorism in the modern world has occurred in four "waves" of forty years each. It offers evidence-based explanations of terrorism, national identity, and political legitimacy by leading scholars from various disciplines with contrasting perspectives on political violence. Whether violence is local or global, it tends to be both patterned and innovative. It elicits chaos, but can be understood by the application of new models or theories, depending upon the methods and data experts employ. The contributors in this volume apply their experiences and studies of terrorists, mob violence, fashions in international and political violence, religion’s role in terrorism and violence, the relationship between technology and terror, a recurring paradigm of terrorist waves, nation-states struggling to establish democratic/elective governments, and factions competing for control within states - in order to make sense of both national and international acts of political violence and to ask and answer some of the most disturbing questions these phenomena present. This book will be of much interest to students of terrorism, religion and violence, nationalism, sociology, war and conflict studies and IR in general.
Author: Jeffrey Kaplan Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135157758 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
The central focus of this book is a small but vitally important group of movements that constitute a distinct 'fifth wave' of modern terrorism, here called the "New Tribalism". Terrorist Groups and the New Tribalism examines a collection of terrorist or insurgent movements whose similarity in tactics, strategic vision and desire to radically reshape their worlds to conform with a ‘Golden Age’ dream of perfection which is to be achieved through a genocidal or ethnic cleansing process to make way for the emergence of a new, radically perfected tribal utopia in a single generation. These shared strategic and tactical factors allow them to be examined through a comparative lens as a distinct ‘fifth wave’ of modern terrorism. Structured around the theoretical framework of David Rapoport’s Four Waves thesis, the book examines anomalous movements that began within a distinct wave of international terrorism, but, following a crisis model, has turned inwards toward radical localism, tribalism and xenophobia. The text is divided between theory and in depth case studies of the Ugandan Lord’s Resistance Army and the Sudanese Janjaweed. It concludes with a design for further, field-work based research. This book will be of interest to students of Terrorism and Political Violence, Genocide, Conflict Studies, African politics and Political Science in general. Jeffrey Kaplan is an Associate Professor of Religion and the Director of the Institute for the Study of Religion, Violence and Memory at the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. He is the author of 11 books on terrorism and political violence.
Author: Darren Hudson Publisher: Lynne Rienner Publishers ISBN: 9781626378506 Category : Human behavior Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Opinion surveys show that what the public assumes it knows about terrorism is at best a badly distorted view. Recalling the "Flat Earth" phenomenon, early misconceptions have become solidified, despite new evidence refuting them. The authors of The Irrational Terrorist discredit these popular myths and misconceptions, providing an accessible overview of the key theoretical explanations of terrorism and liberally illustrating their analysis with case studies. Ranging from the religious and economic backgrounds of individual terrorists to the nature and outreach of terrorist organizations, they offer fact-based, cutting-edge explanations of the motivations and behavior of terrorist groups.
Author: Bruce Hoffman Publisher: Columbia University Press ISBN: 0231126999 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 474
Book Description
Defining terrorism -- The end of empire and the origins of contemporary terrorism -- The internationalization of terrorism -- Religion and terrorism -- Suicide terrorism -- The old media, terrorism, and public opinion -- The new media, terrorism, and the shaping of global opinion -- The modern terrorist mind-set: tactics, targets, tradecraft, and technologies -- Terrorism today and tomorrow.
Author: Phil Gurski Publisher: ISBN: 9781626378483 Category : Radicalism Languages : en Pages : 181
Book Description
Christian fundamentalists. Hindu nationalists. Islamic jihadists. Buddhist militants. Jewish extremists. Members of these and other religious groups have committed horrific acts of terrorist violence in recent decades. How is this possible? How do individuals use their religious beliefs to justify such actions? How do they manipulate the language and symbols of their faith to motivate others to commit violence in the name of the divine? Phil Gurski addresses these essential questions as he explores violent extremism across a broad range of the world's major religions.
Author: Pamela Cerria
Author: Pamela Cerria
Author: David C. Rapoport
Author: Adelina Richards
Author: Aaron Murchan
Author: Erica Chenoweth
Author: Jean E. Rosenfeld
Author: Jeffrey Kaplan
Author: Darren Hudson
Author: Bruce Hoffman
Author: Phil Gurski