Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic PDF Download

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309459575
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 483

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Book Description
Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309486483
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 175

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Book Description
The opioid crisis in the United States has come about because of excessive use of these drugs for both legal and illicit purposes and unprecedented levels of consequent opioid use disorder (OUD). More than 2 million people in the United States are estimated to have OUD, which is caused by prolonged use of prescription opioids, heroin, or other illicit opioids. OUD is a life-threatening condition associated with a 20-fold greater risk of early death due to overdose, infectious diseases, trauma, and suicide. Mortality related to OUD continues to escalate as this public health crisis gathers momentum across the country, with opioid overdoses killing more than 47,000 people in 2017 in the United States. Efforts to date have made no real headway in stemming this crisis, in large part because tools that already existâ€"like evidence-based medicationsâ€"are not being deployed to maximum impact. To support the dissemination of accurate patient-focused information about treatments for addiction, and to help provide scientific solutions to the current opioid crisis, this report studies the evidence base on medication assisted treatment (MAT) for OUD. It examines available evidence on the range of parameters and circumstances in which MAT can be effectively delivered and identifies additional research needed.

Author: Ty S. Schepis Ph.D.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1440852650
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 331

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Book Description
This overview of prescription drug abuse includes historical background, key concepts, and discussion of the prevalence of drug abuse, treatments, and policy issues implicated in ending the epidemic. Prescription opioid medication abuse has been declared a national crisis by experts in medicine, substance use, public health, and pain management, culminating in a declaration made by the President of the United States that opioid misuse and abuse is a national health emergency. In this comprehensive text, expert scholars analyze and address a wide range of issues in, obstacles to, and potential solutions for this emergency, which caused more than 50,000 deaths in 2016 alone. It covers a variety of topics related to prescription misuse from both clinical and academic perspectives. After an opening containing background material on the most commonly misused medications, chapters examine subgroups engaged in misuse and special medical environments where misuse issues are key. They then cover U.S. policy, perspectives outside the U.S., and theories that may explain the misuse phenomena. This book will serve as a resource for students and professionals in fields related to prescription drug abuse—including psychology, sociology, medicine, and public policy—and is accessible to individuals not trained in these fields.

Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy, and Human Resources
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 204

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Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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Author: Paula Johanson
Publisher: Enslow Publishing, LLC
ISBN: 0766084884
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 234

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Book Description
The use of painkilling drugs has become an epidemic, with an increasing number of prescriptions being written as well as illegal use of street drugs. Deaths from unexpected overdoses are followed by reports of opioids being added to various street drugs, in inconsistent amounts. It's hard to know from news reports just how dangerous opioids can be or who is using them. This text has primary-source evidence from doctors and thoughtful analysis from health experts and court cases, as well as personal viewpoints of people affected in their ordinary lives, helping students think critically about opioid use and abuse.

Author: Kant B. Patel
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000456323
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 334

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Book Description
The current opioid epidemic in the United States began in the mid-1990s with the introduction of a new drug, OxyContin, viewed as a safer and more effective opiate for chronic pain management. By 2017, the opioid epidemic had become a full-blown crisis as over two million Americans had become dependent on and abused prescription pain pills and street drugs. This book examines the origins, development, and rise of the opioid epidemic in the United States from the perspective of the public policy process. The authors, political scientists Kant Patel and Mark Rushefsky, discuss institutional features of the American political system that impact the making of public policy, arguing that the fragmentation of that system hinders the ability to coherently address policy problems, taking the opioid epidemic as an example. The book begins with a brief historical examination of the history of the problem of opioid addiction and crises in the United States and public policy responses to past crises, but the main focus is on the current national public health emergency. The book analyzes the following: The origins of the current crisis Indicators and warning signs pointing to the emergence of a significant public problem Factors that contributed to the opioid crisis Why the crisis emerged in the United States and not in other Western countries The nature and scope of the opioid crisis, including socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and the human, social, and economic costs Presidential administrations’ public response, and nonresponse, to the opioid crisis Parallels between the role played by opioid manufacturers and tobacco/cigarette manufacturers in creating the problem of addiction, resulting in high mortality rates, and the public policy response to both This book explores the national policy response to the opioid crisis, as well as state and local government responses and separation of powers, including how the three branches of government deal with the opioid problem. The authors conclude with a discussion of how accurate problem definition, problem diagnosis, and appropriate and timely responses could have produced a more appropriate and robust policy response—policy process tools that will be essential in fighting both the current crisis and the next one. The Opioid Epidemic in the United States is essential reading for policy analysis courses in political science, health, and social work programs, as well as for United States policymakers at the local, state, and national levels.

Author: Sandra Price
Publisher: Nova Snova
ISBN: 9781536148138
Category : Drug abuse
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Recently, there has been a rise in opioid use in the United States involving both the nonmedical use of prescription drugs and more traditional illicit opioids, such as heroin. The abuse of prescription opioid pain relievers and illicit opioids, have contributed to increasing numbers of overdose deaths in the United States, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data show more than 28,000 opioid overdose deaths in 2014. Chapter 1 reports that medication-assisted treatment (MAT) can more effectively reduce opioid use and increase treatment retention compared to treatment without medication. There has also been a significant increase in the use of man-made (synthetic) opioids, such as fentanyl and fentanyl analogues, as described in chapter 2. Synthetic opioids like fentanyla substance 100 times stronger than morphineaccounted for more than 19,000 of the nearly 64,000 overdose deaths in 2016, the most recent year for which federal data are available. Misuse of prescription opioids can lead to overdose and death. Medicare and Medicaid, two of the nations largest health care programs, provide prescription drug coverage that can include opioids. Chapter 3 discusses the inappropriate activities and risks associated with these prescriptions. Chapter 4 gives examples of some policy options that could be employed for training on safe opioid prescribing. Buprenorphine is a medication used to treat adults addicted to opioids (it is also used in the treatment of pain). Buprenorphines effectiveness, safety, and availability in the treatment of opioid addiction are of considerable interest to policymakers seeking to address the ongoing opioid epidemic in the United States as seen in the last chapter.

Author: Anna Lembke
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 1421421402
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 187

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Book Description
The disturbing connection between well-meaning physicians and the prescription drug epidemic. Three out of four people addicted to heroin probably started on a prescription opioid, according to the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In the United States alone, 16,000 people die each year as a result of prescription opioid overdose. But perhaps the most frightening aspect of the prescription drug epidemic is that it’s built on well-meaning doctors treating patients with real problems. In Drug Dealer, MD, Dr. Anna Lembke uncovers the unseen forces driving opioid addiction nationwide. Combining case studies from her own practice with vital statistics drawn from public policy, cultural anthropology, and neuroscience, she explores the complex relationship between doctors and patients, the science of addiction, and the barriers to successfully addressing drug dependence and addiction. Even when addiction is recognized by doctors and their patients, she argues, many doctors don’t know how to treat it, connections to treatment are lacking, and insurance companies won’t pay for rehab. Full of extensive interviews—with health care providers, pharmacists, social workers, hospital administrators, insurance company executives, journalists, economists, advocates, and patients and their families—Drug Dealer, MD, is for anyone whose life has been touched in some way by addiction to prescription drugs. Dr. Lembke gives voice to the millions of Americans struggling with prescription drugs while singling out the real culprits behind the rise in opioid addiction: cultural narratives that promote pills as quick fixes, pharmaceutical corporations in cahoots with organized medicine, and a new medical bureaucracy focused on the bottom line that favors pills, procedures, and patient satisfaction over wellness. Dr. Lembke concludes that the prescription drug epidemic is a symptom of a faltering health care system, the solution for which lies in rethinking how health care is delivered.

Author: Gerard Moeller
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190920211
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 400

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Book Description
Substance Use Disorders provides an overview of substance misuse and addresses the neurobiology, pharmacotherapy, and behavioural therapy management of substance use disorders from a clinical perspective. Examining the opioid epidemic to frame its discussion of the epidemiology of substance misuse, this book explores common barriers that prevent the implementation of effective treatment. Chapters discuss various aspects of substance use disorders, particularly opioids, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine, to inform better conceptualization and management of these conditions. Part of the Primer On Psychiatry series, this book will provide a solid foundation for residents and fellows in psychiatry and addiction medicine and can also be used in clinical practice.