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Author: Aravind Jukanti Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811057478 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 137
Book Description
This book is first of its kind exclusively dedicated to plant polyphenol oxidases (PPOs), highlighting their importance in the food processing industry. By reviewing the scientific developments of the past several decades, it offers a comprehensive overview of various aspects of plant PPOs, including chemistry, structure, functions, regulation, genetics/genomics and molecular aspects. PPOs are copper-containing proteins found in several plant species that catalyze the hydroxylation of o-monophenols to o-diphenols and oxidation of the o-dihydroxyphenols to o-quinones. Further, the quonines undergo self-polymerization or react with amines/thiol groups to produce brown/dark coloration of products. All the PPOs contain two Cu-binding sites (CuA and CuB) as their central domain, these interact with phenolic substrates and molecular oxygen. Several of the plant PPOs contain an N-terminal transit peptide (~80-100 amino acids ) necessary for plastid import. The PPOs occur in latent form that are activated by various treatments including acid and base shock, exposure to detergents or proteolytic degradation. The pH optimum of PPOs varies widely depending upon different plant species but is usually ~4.0 – 8.0. Similarly, the optimum temperature also varies as per the source and substrate involved ranging from 30 to 45 °C. Multiple PPO isoforms have been reported in several plant species, and the chromosomal location of PPOs has also been studied in some species. The physiological role (s) of PPOs is not entirely understood, but they could be involved in defense-related functions in plants. From an applied perspective, PPOs are implicated in enzymatic browning/darkening of cereal products, vegetables and fruits. Interestingly, browning is preferred in some instances like the processing of black tea, cocoa, and coffee as it enhances their quality by forming flavorful products. There have b een initiatives to specifically breed and develop cultivars with reasonably low PPO levels in the mature grain or fruit. Further, several types of inhibitors that reduce the PPO activity have also been identified. Despite their commercial/economic importance and the availability of literature on different aspects of PPOs in different plant species, this is the first book to provide basic information regarding PPOs. It is a valuable resource for researchers involved in quality-related research specifically in crops, vegetables and fruits. Further, as PPOs are also implicated in defense- or stress-related functions, the book is also useful to breeders, pathologists, molecular biologists, physiologists and entomologists.
Author: Aravind Jukanti Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811057478 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 137
Book Description
This book is first of its kind exclusively dedicated to plant polyphenol oxidases (PPOs), highlighting their importance in the food processing industry. By reviewing the scientific developments of the past several decades, it offers a comprehensive overview of various aspects of plant PPOs, including chemistry, structure, functions, regulation, genetics/genomics and molecular aspects. PPOs are copper-containing proteins found in several plant species that catalyze the hydroxylation of o-monophenols to o-diphenols and oxidation of the o-dihydroxyphenols to o-quinones. Further, the quonines undergo self-polymerization or react with amines/thiol groups to produce brown/dark coloration of products. All the PPOs contain two Cu-binding sites (CuA and CuB) as their central domain, these interact with phenolic substrates and molecular oxygen. Several of the plant PPOs contain an N-terminal transit peptide (~80-100 amino acids ) necessary for plastid import. The PPOs occur in latent form that are activated by various treatments including acid and base shock, exposure to detergents or proteolytic degradation. The pH optimum of PPOs varies widely depending upon different plant species but is usually ~4.0 – 8.0. Similarly, the optimum temperature also varies as per the source and substrate involved ranging from 30 to 45 °C. Multiple PPO isoforms have been reported in several plant species, and the chromosomal location of PPOs has also been studied in some species. The physiological role (s) of PPOs is not entirely understood, but they could be involved in defense-related functions in plants. From an applied perspective, PPOs are implicated in enzymatic browning/darkening of cereal products, vegetables and fruits. Interestingly, browning is preferred in some instances like the processing of black tea, cocoa, and coffee as it enhances their quality by forming flavorful products. There have b een initiatives to specifically breed and develop cultivars with reasonably low PPO levels in the mature grain or fruit. Further, several types of inhibitors that reduce the PPO activity have also been identified. Despite their commercial/economic importance and the availability of literature on different aspects of PPOs in different plant species, this is the first book to provide basic information regarding PPOs. It is a valuable resource for researchers involved in quality-related research specifically in crops, vegetables and fruits. Further, as PPOs are also implicated in defense- or stress-related functions, the book is also useful to breeders, pathologists, molecular biologists, physiologists and entomologists.
Author: Brian E. Ellis Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461525446 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 371
Book Description
In this volume of Recent Advances in Phytochmistry you will find a record of the pioneering attempts of plant biochemists and molecular biologists to modify the patterns of secondary metabolism in plants, as presented at the 33rd annual meeting of the Phytochemical Society of North America, in Asilomar, California, on June 27 -July I, 1993. The studies described here represent a marriage of the newest of technologies with one of the oldest human activities, exploitation of plant chemistry. They also represent the beginning of a new era of phytochemical research, an era that will undoubtedly begin to provide answers to some of the long-standing questions that have absorbed plant biochemists for the past century. There is, for instance, a common deflating experience to which every worker in the area of plant secondary metabolism can probably relate. After hearing about the latest research findings regarding some aspect of remarkable compound "X", someone in the audience finally directs the inevitable question at the hapless speaker. "Tell me, is anything known as to the biological role of compound "X" in the plant?" The answer, in most cases, must be "essentially nothing"! This is a frustrating scenario for both the speaker and the audience, since the very fact that a complex biosynthetic pathway remains encoded in a plant genome points to an associated selective advantage. The problem is that establishing the nature and scale of that advantage is a very complex task.
Author: Andreas Schaller Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402081820 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
This timely book provides an overview of the anatomical, chemical, and developmental features contributing to plant defense, with an emphasis on plant responses that are induced by wounding or herbivore attack. The book first introduces general concepts of direct and indirect defenses, followed by a focused review of the different resistance traits. Finally, signal perception and transduction mechanism for the activation of plant defense responses are discussed.
Author: Rickey Y. Yada Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461526701 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 214
Book Description
Food proteins constitute a diverse and complex collection of biological macro molecules. Although contributing to the nutritional quality of the foods we con sume, proteins also act as integral components by virtue of their diverse functional properties. The expression of these functional properties during the preparation, processing and storage of foods is largely dictated by changes to the structure or structure-related properties of the proteins involved. Therefore, germane to the optimal use of existing and future food protein sources is a thorough understanding of the nature of the relationships between structure and function. It is the goal of this book to aid in better defining these relationships. Two distinct sections are apparent: firstly, those chapters which address struc ture-function relationships using a variety of food systems as examples to demonstrate the intricacies of this relationship, and secondly, those chapters which discuss techniques used to either examine structural parameters or aid in establishing quantitative relationships between protein structure and function. The editors would like to thank all contributors for their assistance, co-operation and, above all, their patience in putting this volume together, and the following companies/organizations for their financial support without which it would not have been the success it was: Ault Foods Limited, Best Foods Canada Limited, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Quest International Canada Inc., and University of Guelph. R.Y.Y. R.LJ.
Author: Mohammed Kuddus Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811319332 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 419
Book Description
The integration of enzymes in food processing is well known, and dedicated research is continually being pursued to address the global food crisis. This book provides a broad, up-to-date overview of the enzymes used in food technology. It discusses microbial, plant and animal enzymes in the context of their applications in the food sector; process of immobilization; thermal and operational stability; increased product specificity and specific activity; enzyme engineering; implementation of high-throughput techniques; screening of relatively unexplored environments; and development of more efficient enzymes. Offering a comprehensive reference resource on the most progressive field of food technology, this book is of interest to professionals, scientists and academics in the food and biotech industries.
Author: Chang Y. Lee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
Describes the chemistry, structure, and function of polyphenol oxidase. Covers the molecular biology of polyphenol oxidase. Describes the chemistry of enzymatic browning. Provides practical methods for preventing enzymatic browning in fruit and vegetable products. Valuable reading for chemists, molecular biologists, food scientists, and food technologists.
Author: R. Heitefuß Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364266279X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 909
Book Description
Plant pathology embraces all aspects of biological and scientific activity which are concerned with understanding the complex phenomena of diseases in plants. Physiological plant pathology represents those specialities within plant pathology which focus on the physiological and biochemical activities of pathogens and on the response of host plant tissues. Today there is an increasing recognition on the part of the scientific agri cultural community that only through a deeper and more fundamental under standing of all the interacting components of the agricultural biota can we expect to improve our capabilities of feeding an expanding world population. It is in this context that physiological plant pathology has assumed new significance within the broader field of plant pathology. No longer are studies on the biochemistry and physiology of pathogens and pathogenesis merely isolated academic exercises; rather, a substantial coherent body of knowledge is accumulating upon which our understanding of the process of disease developmen t and host resistance is being founded. It is from these foundations of knowledge that ultimately new insights into the control of plant diseases may be expected to grow. It seems appropriate, therefore, that at regular intervals those involved in the various subspecialities encompassing the broadest aspects of physiological plant pathology reassess the contributions within the particular specialities in the light of new knowledge and technologies for the purpose of articulating new and productive directions for the future.
Author: Hans Lambers Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402035896 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
Respiration in plants, as in all living organisms, is essential to provide metabolic energy and carbon skeletons for growth and maintenance. As such, respiration is an essential component of a plant’s carbon budget. Depending on species and environmental conditions, it consumes 25-75% of all the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis – even more at extremely slow growth rates. Respiration in plants can also proceed in a manner that produces neither metabolic energy nor carbon skeletons, but heat. This type of respiration involves the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase; it is unique to plants, and resides in the mitochondria. The activity of this alternative pathway can be measured based on a difference in fractionation of oxygen isotopes between the cytochrome and the alternative oxidase. Heat production is important in some flowers to attract pollinators; however, the alternative oxidase also plays a major role in leaves and roots of most plants. A common thread throughout this volume is to link respiration, including alternative oxidase activity, to plant functioning in different environments.
Author: Joginder Singh Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811300534 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 396
Book Description
This book presents a comprehensive overview of the use of microorganisms and microbial metabolites as a future sustainable basis of agricultural, environmental and industrial developments. It provides a holistic approach to the latest advances in the utilization of various microorganism bioprospecting including their wide range of applications, traditional uses, modern practices, and designing strategies to harness their potential. In addition, it highlights advanced microbial bioremediation approaches, including genetic manipulation, metagenomics analysis and bacteriophage-based sensors for the detection of food-borne pathogens. Lastly, it elaborates on the latest advances regarding the role of microbes in the sustainable development of various industrial products.
Author: Aravind Jukanti
Author: Aravind Jukanti
Author: Ernest Dunbar Clark
Author: Brian E. Ellis
Author: Andreas Schaller
Author: Rickey Y. Yada
Author: Mohammed Kuddus
Author: Chang Y. Lee
Author: R. Heitefuß
Author: Hans Lambers
Author: Joginder Singh