The Physics and Experimental Program of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). PDF Download

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Languages : en
Pages : 12

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Languages : en
Pages : 16

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An overview of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and its experimental program is presented. The physics capabilities of STAR, one of two large experiments planned for RHIC, are described through simulations of the measurements anticipated in STAR. The STAR experiment will concentrate on hadronic observables in the search for the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). An emphasis will be placed on event-by-event observables in an attempt to extract thermodynamic variables of individual events and to be able to identify special events characteristic of QGP formation.

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Languages : en
Pages : 36

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This introductory talk contains a brief discussion of future experiments at RHIC related to physics of superdense matter. In particular, we consider the relation between space-time picture of the collision and spectra of the observed secondaries. We discuss where one should look for QGP signals and for possible manifestation of the phase transition. We pay more attention to a rather new topic: hadron modification in the gas phase, which is interesting by itself as a collective phenomenon, and also as a precursor indicating what happens with hadrons near the phase transition. We briefly review current understanding of the photon physics, dilepton production, charm and strangeness and J/[psi] suppression. At the end we try to classify all possible experiments. 47 refs., 3 figs.

Author: Hans H Gutbrod
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781461529415
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 704

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Languages : en
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The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven will extend the present heavy ion capabilities of the AGS into an energy domain not available at any other laboratory within the foreseeable future. Operation of the AGS for heavy ion experiments started in October 1986 with the delivery of O/sup 8 +/ beams. Subsequently, the mass range was extended with the AGS delivering typically 2 x 108 Si/sup 14 +/ ions/pulse at a kinetic energy of 13.8 GeV/u. Completion of the AGS booster synchrotron in 1991 will extend the mass range to the heaviest ions, typically 179Au, with 238U a definite possibility. The acceleration of heavy ions to very high energies at Brookhaven was already considered for the ISABELLE/CBA project. After its cancellation, the realization of a dedicated heavy ion collider in the vacant tunnel became feasible and the design objectives were defined in 1983 by a Task Force on Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics. The study of such a heavy ion accelerator/collider was initially supported by generic RandD funds and later on as part of the Brookhaven Exploratory Research Program. The results of this multi-year RandD effort were presented in the May 1986 Conceptual Design Report (CDR). This document remains valid in most respects but progress resulting from two years of intensive RandD work, now supported with direct DOE funds, in the areas of accelerator physics and superconducting magnet technology resulted in a few design improvements. The present paper summarizes the major features of the RHIC design with emphasis on those aspects of particular interest to the future user and it concludes with a short discussion of the superconducting magnet RandD program. 10 refs., 15 figs., 3 tabs.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309478561
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 153

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Understanding of protons and neutrons, or "nucleons"â€"the building blocks of atomic nucleiâ€"has advanced dramatically, both theoretically and experimentally, in the past half century. A central goal of modern nuclear physics is to understand the structure of the proton and neutron directly from the dynamics of their quarks and gluons governed by the theory of their interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and how nuclear interactions between protons and neutrons emerge from these dynamics. With deeper understanding of the quark-gluon structure of matter, scientists are poised to reach a deeper picture of these building blocks, and atomic nuclei themselves, as collective many-body systems with new emergent behavior. The development of a U.S. domestic electron-ion collider (EIC) facility has the potential to answer questions that are central to completing an understanding of atoms and integral to the agenda of nuclear physics today. This study assesses the merits and significance of the science that could be addressed by an EIC, and its importance to nuclear physics in particular and to the physical sciences in general. It evaluates the significance of the science that would be enabled by the construction of an EIC, its benefits to U.S. leadership in nuclear physics, and the benefits to other fields of science of a U.S.-based EIC.

Author: P. E. Haustein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heavy ion accelerators
Languages : en
Pages : 408

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Author: T.ET AL. LUDLAM
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 26

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At the request of DOE's Office of Nuclear Physics (ONP), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has created this planning document to assemble and summarize a planning exercise that addresses the core scientific thrust of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) for the next twenty years and the facilities operation plan that will support this program. The planning work was carried out by BNL in close collaboration with the RHIC user community and within budgetary guidelines for the next five years supplied by the ONP. The resulting plans were reviewed by the BNL High Energy and Nuclear Physics Program Advisory Committee (PAC) at a special RHIC planning meeting held in December 2003. Planning input from each of the four RHIC experimental collaborations was absolutely central to the preparation of this overall Laboratory plan. Each collaboration supplied two key documents, a five-year ''Beam Use Proposal'' and a ten-year ''Decadal Plan''. These plans are posted on the BNL website http://www.bnl.gov/henp/, along with other planning documents germane to this paper, such as the complete written reports from the August and December 2003 PAC meetings that considered the five-year and decadal planning documents of the four RHIC collaborations and offered advice and commentary on these plans. Only in these collaboration documents can the full physics impact of the RHIC program be seen and the full scope of the efforts put into this planning process be appreciated. For this reason, the maximum value of the present planning paper can only be realized by making frequent reference to the collaboration documents.

Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 442

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This report contains papers on the following topics: physics at RHIC; flavor flow from quark-gluon plasma; space-time quark-gluon cascade; jets in relativistic heavy ion collisions; parton distributions in hard nuclear collisions; experimental working groups, two-arm electron/photon spectrometer collaboration; total and elastic pp cross sections; a 4[pi] tracking TPC magnetic spectrometer; hadron spectroscopy; efficiency and background simulations for J/[psi] detection in the RHIC dimuon experiment; the collision regions beam crossing geometries; Monte Carlo simulations of interactions and detectors; proton-nucleus interactions; the physics of strong electromagnetic fields in collisions of relativistic heavy ions; a real time expert system for experimental high energy/nuclear physics; the development of silicon multiplicity detectors; a pad readout detector for CRID/tracking; RHIC TPC R D progress and goals; development of analog memories for RHIC detector front-end electronic systems; calorimeter/absorber optimization for a RHIC dimuon experiment; construction of a highly segmented high resolution TOF system; progress report on a fast, particle-identifying trigger based on ring-imaging and highly integrated electronics for a TPC detector.

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Languages : en
Pages : 11

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STAR (Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC) will be one of two large, sophisticated experiments ready to take data when the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) comes on-line in 1999. The design of STAR, its construction and commissioning and the physics program using the detector are the responsibility of a collaboration of over 250 members from 30 institutions, world-wide. The overall approach of the STAR Collaboration to the physics challenge of studying collisions of highly relativistic nuclei is to focus on measurements of the properties of the many hadrons produced in the collisions. The STAR detector is optimized to detect and identify hadrons over a large solid angle so that individual events can be characterized, in detail, based on their hadronic content. The broad capabilities of the STAR detector will permit an examination of a wide variety of proposed signatures for the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), using the sample of events which, on an event-by-event basis, appear to come from collisions resulting in a large energy density over a nuclear volume. In order to achieve this goal, the STAR experiment is based on a solenoid geometry with tracking detectors using the time projection chamber approach and covering a large range of pseudo-rapidity so that individual tracks can be seen within the very high track density expected in central collisions at RHIC. STAR also uses particle identification by the dE/dx technique and by time-of-flight. Electromagnetic energy is detected in a large, solid-angle calorimeter. The construction of STAR, which will be located in the Wide Angle Hall at the 6 o'clock position at RHIC, formally began in early 1993.