The Photosynthetic and Stomatal Response of Medicago Sativa Cv. Saranac to Free-air CO2 Enrichment (F.A.C.E.) and Nitrogen PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
Plots of Medicago sativa cv. saranac were grown in the field at ambient (355 [mu]mol CO2 mol−1 air) or elevated (600[mu]mol CO2 mol−1 air) CO2 concentrations. High (200kg yr−1) or low (20kg yr−1) nitrogen levels were applied to two isogeneic lines, one able and one unable to use nitrogen fixing bacteria. Plants were in the second year of field growth. Exposure to elevated CO2 was via a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment System (FACE). Elevated CO2 increased diurnal assimilation by between 12% and 92%. Analysis of A/C{sub i} responses showed that effective nitrogen fertilisation was more important to rubisCO and RuBP activity than elevated CO2. No acclimation was consistently observed. Leaves lower down the canopy were found to have lower Vc{sub max} and J{sub max} values, though age may be the cause of the latter effect. FACE conditions have only a small effect on these responses. There was some evidence found for the down-regulation of photosynthesis in the late afternoon. The FACE conditions had no affect on stomatal density but did increase epidermal cell density.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
Plots of Medicago sativa cv. saranac were grown in the field at ambient (355 [mu]mol CO2 mol−1 air) or elevated (600[mu]mol CO2 mol−1 air) CO2 concentrations. High (200kg yr−1) or low (20kg yr−1) nitrogen levels were applied to two isogeneic lines, one able and one unable to use nitrogen fixing bacteria. Plants were in the second year of field growth. Exposure to elevated CO2 was via a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment System (FACE). Elevated CO2 increased diurnal assimilation by between 12% and 92%. Analysis of A/C{sub i} responses showed that effective nitrogen fertilisation was more important to rubisCO and RuBP activity than elevated CO2. No acclimation was consistently observed. Leaves lower down the canopy were found to have lower Vc{sub max} and J{sub max} values, though age may be the cause of the latter effect. FACE conditions have only a small effect on these responses. There was some evidence found for the down-regulation of photosynthesis in the late afternoon. The FACE conditions had no affect on stomatal density but did increase epidermal cell density.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
Plots of Medicago sativa cv. saranac were grown in the field at ambient (355?mol CO2 mol−1 air) or elevated (600?mol CO2 mol−1 air) CO2 concentrations. High (200kg yr−1) or low (20kg yr−1) nitrogen levels were applied to two isogeneic lines, one able and one unable to use nitrogen fixing bacteria. Plants were in the second year of field growth. Exposure to elevated CO2 was via a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment System (FACE). Elevated CO2 increased diurnal assimilation by between 12% and 92%. Analysis of A/C{sub i} responses showed that effective nitrogen fertilisation was more important to rubisCO and RuBP activity than elevated CO2. No acclimation was consistently observed. Leaves lower down the canopy were found to have lower Vc{sub max} and J{sub max} values, though age may be the cause of the latter effect. FACE conditions have only a small effect on these responses. There was some evidence found for the down-regulation of photosynthesis in the late afternoon. The FACE conditions had no affect on stomatal density but did increase epidermal cell density.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
Stands of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Bastion) were grown in the field at ambient or elevated (600[mu]mol/mol) CO2 concentration, high (560Kg/ha) or low (140Kg/ha) nitrogen addition and with a frequent (every 4 weeks) or infrequent (every 8 weeks) cutting regime. Plants were in the second year of a 3 year experiment. Exposure to elevated CO2 was carried out with a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) system which provides the most {open_quote}realistic{close_quote} system of CO2 fumigation currently available. Elevated CO2 increased diurnal CO2 assimilation by between 34 and 88% whilst reducing rates of stomatal conductance by between 1 and 42%. However, analysis of the A vs. Ci response showed considerable acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to elevated CO2 - Vc{sub max} as an in vivo measure of RubisCO activity, decreased by between 29 and 35% in high CO2, whilst J{sub max}, as a measure of the RubP regeneration capacity, showed no significant change. Two out of three additional perennial grassland species studied showed similar acclamatory behavior to Ryegrass. Diurnal assimilation rate, J{sub max} and, in most cases, Vc{sub max}, increased significantly directly after cutting of Ryegrass stands, but nitrogen treatment had little effect on any of these parameters. Neither stomatal density, stomatal index nor stomatal pore length of Ryegrass were significantly altered by growth in elevated CO2. The results are discussed in terms of the limitation imposed on maximizing photosynthetic and growth responses of Ryegrass at elevated CO2, by the ability of perennial species to increase long-term sink capacity under these conditions.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
Stands of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Bastion) were grown in the field at ambient or elevated (600?mol/mol) CO2 concentration, high (560Kg/ha) or low (140Kg/ha) nitrogen addition and with a frequent (every 4 weeks) or infrequent (every 8 weeks) cutting regime. Plants were in the second year of a 3 year experiment. Exposure to elevated CO2 was carried out with a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) system which provides the most {open_quote}realistic{close_quote} system of CO2 fumigation currently available. Elevated CO2 increased diurnal CO2 assimilation by between 34 and 88% whilst reducing rates of stomatal conductance by between 1 and 42%. However, analysis of the A vs. Ci response showed considerable acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to elevated CO2 - Vc{sub max} as an in vivo measure of RubisCO activity, decreased by between 29 and 35% in high CO2, whilst J{sub max}, as a measure of the RubP regeneration capacity, showed no significant change. Two out of three additional perennial grassland species studied showed similar acclamatory behavior to Ryegrass. Diurnal assimilation rate, J{sub max} and, in most cases, Vc{sub max}, increased significantly directly after cutting of Ryegrass stands, but nitrogen treatment had little effect on any of these parameters. Neither stomatal density, stomatal index nor stomatal pore length of Ryegrass were significantly altered by growth in elevated CO2. The results are discussed in terms of the limitation imposed on maximizing photosynthetic and growth responses of Ryegrass at elevated CO2, by the ability of perennial species to increase long-term sink capacity under these conditions.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
The response of intra and interspecific variation in photosynthetic acclimation to growth at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (600[mu]mol mol-l) in six important grassland species was investigated. Plants were grown in a background sward of Lolium perenne and measurements were made after four years of growth at elevated C{sub a}. Elevated CO2 was maintained using a FACE (Free-Air Carbon Enrichment) system. Significant intra and interspecific variation in acclimation response was demonstrated. The response of adaxial and abaxial stomatal conductance to elevated CO2 was also investigated. The stomatal conductance of both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces was found to be reduced by elevated C{sub a}. Significant asymmetric responses in stomatal conductance was demonstrated in D. glomerata and T. pratense. Analysis of stomatal indices and densities indicated that the observed reductions in stomatal conductance were probably the result of changes in stomatal aperture.
Author: George R. Hendrey Publisher: CRC PressI Llc ISBN: 9780849387227 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 250
Book Description
FACE provides a compendium of information on Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, the latest advance in technology for exposing field-grown plants to changes in atmospheric chemistry. The book presents the justification and mission of the DOE/USDA FACE Program, the historical development of various types of fumigation equipment and of FACE-type systems, a cost comparison for the set-up and execution of experiments using FACE and other types of systems, FACE design and performance data, and results of FACE experiments on cotton.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
Understanding how photosynthetic capacity acclimates to elevated CO2 concentrations is vital in predicting the response of important grassland species such as Trifolium repens. Previous studies of acclimatization have been carried out in artificial experimental conditions, such as acrylic greenhouses or controlled environment chambers. The advent of FACE technology has enabled a large area of crop to be fumigated in the field, providing more realistic growing conditions. Pure stands of Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca grown at either 355 or 600?mol mol−1 CO2 were examined, and their photosynthetic response to elevated Ca determined via gas exchange studies. Rates of photosynthesis of young, fully expanded leaves were increased between 21 and 36% when grown and measured at elevated CO2. This increase in A corresponded to a decrease in g{sub S} of between 18 and 52%. No acclimation effect was observed in the most frequently cut stands, whilst the response of stands clipped only 4 times per year was more variable. When down regulation of V{sub cmax} did occur, this was not nearly as marked as that which occurred in 3 other temperate species (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Ranunculus friesianus, Plantago lanceolata (L.) J. & C. Presl.), at similar growth regimes. No acclimation of stomatal frequency, SI or pore length was found to occur in the enriched clover stands.
Author: P. G. Jarvis Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521236836 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
This volume contains a collection of papers on the anatomy, physiology and action of stomata by experts in the field, presented in a form suitable for students of botany and plant science, and related subjects such as agriculture, forestry, and horticulture, at the undergraduate and postgraduate level. Special care has been taken to ensure that the book can be used as a text for undergraduate courses in plant, environmental and cell physiology at a reasonably advanced level. It provides an up-to-date assessment of our knowledge of stomata and the articles include: the structure and development of stomata; the measurement of stomatal aperture and conductance; the ion exchanges and metabolism of guard cells; work on isolated guard-cell protoplasts; the responses of stomata to a wide range of stimuli, including light, carbon dioxide, humidity, water stress, pollutants and disease organisms; the behaviour of stomata in the field; and a discussion of stomatal control of transpiration and photosynthesis.
Author: Jerry Pritchard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main greenhouse gas driving change in the Earthu2019s climate. Rising CO2 is expected to stimulate photosynthesis, but limited studies have been conducted on mature or temperate forests. It is uncertain how mature temperate forest ecosystems may respond to the future CO2 emissions and what interacting environmental factors may influence this.This experiment has been conducted at the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research Free Air Carbon Enrichment Experiment (BIFoR-FACE). BIFoR-FACE is set in a mature oak (Quercus robur. L) woodland and provides additional CO2, to 30m diameter experimental plots, to simulate the future atmospheric conditions in 50 yearsu2019 time (+150ppm). Instantaneous gas exchange measurements have been conducted in the second year of CO2 fumigation (2018) in the upper canopy of Q.robur trees, from bud burst (June) to leaf fall (October). This study used a paired plot design (n=3) of elevated CO2 (eCO2)(550ppm) and ambient control plots (aCO2 )(400ppm). Measurements were taken using a Li-6800 portable photosynthesis machine (LICOR) to calculate leaf-level rates of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gsw) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) across the growing season. The results suggest an average of +24% increase in photosynthesis, seasonally variable decrease in gsw and increase in iWUE under eCO2 conditions. The effect of eCO2 varied depending on the prevailing seasonal and diurnal fluctuations in environmental variables, such as light and water availability. This data will help understand, and contribute, to the accurate modelling of canopy physiological responses to eCO2 for mature temperate forest ecosystems.
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Author: George R. Hendrey
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Author: P. G. Jarvis
Author: Jerry Pritchard