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Author: Abigail Oppong Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
International maritime transport is a significant source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly CO2. As such, it is a substantial contributor to global warming. The sector's share of CO2 is expected to increase considerably if efforts are not made to limit its contribution of GHG emissions. This issue has been on the international climate change regulatory agenda for over two decades now. Nonetheless, the regulation of emissions from international maritime transport is visibly absent in the 2015 landmark Paris Agreement. This thesis attempts to understand the reasons for the non-regulation of international shipping under the Paris agreement. To understand the reasons for the situation, three questions were asked: 1. What is the history of the debate around the inclusion or exclusion of the regulation of the international maritime transport in the international climate regime prior to the Paris Agreement? 2. What has been the role of International Maritime Organization (IMO) in regulating emissions from international maritime transport? 3. What are the driving factors for the exclusion of the regulation of maritime transportation within the Paris Agreement and who are the actors involved? Using a qualitative content analysis of secondary data collected predominantly from online databases and websites, the thesis revealed that the domestic economic and political interest of China, US, and India were the main contributing factors for the non-regulation of international shipping under the Paris climate change agreement. This was facilitated by their structural positions in international politics. These parties exploited the complexities in allocating international shipping emissions to parties to advance their domestic interests. Again, it was discovered that the adoption of secret meetings with powerful actors to achieve tradeoffs on contentious issues among actors, which shrouded the negotiation process augmented the ability of these nations to exert their influence. Hence, this thesis argues that parties' domestic interests play an important role in shaping international regulations. This argument represents an empirical contribution that advances the field of international environmental regulations by showing how powerful domestic economic and political interests shape agreements at the global level.
Author: Abigail Oppong Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
International maritime transport is a significant source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly CO2. As such, it is a substantial contributor to global warming. The sector's share of CO2 is expected to increase considerably if efforts are not made to limit its contribution of GHG emissions. This issue has been on the international climate change regulatory agenda for over two decades now. Nonetheless, the regulation of emissions from international maritime transport is visibly absent in the 2015 landmark Paris Agreement. This thesis attempts to understand the reasons for the non-regulation of international shipping under the Paris agreement. To understand the reasons for the situation, three questions were asked: 1. What is the history of the debate around the inclusion or exclusion of the regulation of the international maritime transport in the international climate regime prior to the Paris Agreement? 2. What has been the role of International Maritime Organization (IMO) in regulating emissions from international maritime transport? 3. What are the driving factors for the exclusion of the regulation of maritime transportation within the Paris Agreement and who are the actors involved? Using a qualitative content analysis of secondary data collected predominantly from online databases and websites, the thesis revealed that the domestic economic and political interest of China, US, and India were the main contributing factors for the non-regulation of international shipping under the Paris climate change agreement. This was facilitated by their structural positions in international politics. These parties exploited the complexities in allocating international shipping emissions to parties to advance their domestic interests. Again, it was discovered that the adoption of secret meetings with powerful actors to achieve tradeoffs on contentious issues among actors, which shrouded the negotiation process augmented the ability of these nations to exert their influence. Hence, this thesis argues that parties' domestic interests play an important role in shaping international regulations. This argument represents an empirical contribution that advances the field of international environmental regulations by showing how powerful domestic economic and political interests shape agreements at the global level.
Author: Beatriz Martinez Romera Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1315451794 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 311
Book Description
The regulation of greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation and maritime transport has proved to be a difficult task for international climate negotiations such as the Paris Agreement in 2015. Almost two decades prior, Article 2.2 of the Kyoto Protocol excluded emissions from international aviation and maritime transport from its targets, delegating the negotiation of sector-specific regulations to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), respectively. However, progress at these venues has also been limited. Regime Interaction and Climate Change maps out the legal frameworks in the Climate, ICAO and IMO regimes, and explores the law-making process for the regulation of international aviation and maritime transport through the lenses of fragmentation of international law and regime interaction. The book sheds light on how interaction between these three regimes occurs, what the consequences of such interaction are and how they can be managed to resolve conflicts and promote synergies. This book will be of great interest to scholars of international environmental law and governance, climate change policy and climate change law.
Author: Yubing Shi Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 9004329315 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 498
Book Description
In Climate Change and International Shipping: The Regulatory Framework for the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Yubing Shi provides ground-breaking analyses of the evolving regulatory framework for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping. This book examines the applicability of international environmental law principles to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships and assesses the responses of the key stakeholders to the challenge of regulation. Based on these in-depth analyses, Shi identifies key gaps in the current regulatory framework for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping, and proposes options for legal and institutional reforms to improve the system in place.
Author: Harilaos N. Psaraftis Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3030043304 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 477
Book Description
International shipping is currently at a crossroads. The decision of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in April 2018 to adopt an Initial Strategy so as to achieve by 2050 a reduction of at least 50% in maritime greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions vis-à-vis 2008 levels epitomizes the last among a series of recent developments as regards sustainable shipping. It also sets the scene on what may happen in the future. Even though many experts and industry circles believe that the IMO decision is in line with the COP21 climate change agreement in Paris in 2015, others disagree, either on the ground that the target is not ambitious enough, or on the ground that no clear pathway to reach the target is currently visible. This book takes a cross-disciplinary view of the various dimensions of the maritime transportation sustainability problem. “Cross-disciplinary” means that a variety of angles are used to examine the book topics, and these mainly include the technological angle, the economics angle, the logistics angle, and the environmental angle. The book reviews models that can be used to evaluate decisions, policy alternatives and trade-offs. For sustainable shipping, a spectrum of technical, logistics-based and market based measures are being contemplated. All may have important side-effects as regards the economics and logistics of the maritime supply chain, including ports and hinterland connections. The objective to attain an acceptable environmental performance, while at the same time respecting traditional economic performance criteria so that shipping remains viable, is and is likely to be a central goal for both industry and policy-makers in the years ahead. At the same time, policy fragmentation is likely to create distortions of competition and sub-optimal solutions. This book attempts to address these issues and identify better solutions. /divSustainable Shipping: A Cross-Disciplinary View includes chapters that cover many relevant topics. These include a general view of maritime transport sustainability, green ship technologies, information and communication technologies (ICTs) for sustainable shipping, green tramp ship routing and scheduling, green liner network design and speed optimization. Market based measures, oil pollution, ship recycling, sulphur emissions, ballast water management, alternative fuels and green ports are also covered. The book concludes by discussing prospects for the future, with a focus on the IMO Initial Strategy. "This book contains a unique wealth of information on sustainable shipping. The knowledge it provides is rigorous, complete, and well supported by statistics, technical reports, and scientific references. The treatment of the various topics is not only informative but also analytical and critical." —Gilbert Laporte, Maritime Economics & Logistics (12 May, 2020)
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The program's mission is range of strategic partners and support from to connect knowledge, policy and practice to build the Government of Canada, the Government the international law framework - the globalized of Ontario, as well as founder Jim Balsillie. [...] A aviation and maritime transport; key element of the climate regime not found in the governance of shipping under the IMO is the principle → legal and governance issues, such as the of "common but differentiated responsibilities" specific role of industry in developing (CBDR). [...] These are agreements among process of collecting and analyzing information on marine administrations and are used to coordinate the contribution of the shipping industry to GHG the implementation of international maritime emissions, to enable the future adoption of a plan conventions important for the enforcement of for emissions reduction. [...] The studying the opportunities and challenges of using normal process for entering ideas as priority items the processes of the IMO to articulate the response requires a mini analysis conducted by the proponent of international shipping to the carbon challenge. [...] UNCLOS was hailed for massively expanding the process for international dispute resolution in the UNCLOS was adopted as a broad-based agreement law of the sea, in particular with the establishment to provide the framework for regulation of ocean of ITLOS.
Author: Stephen Girvin Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 150997265X Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 329
Book Description
This book explores the private law implementation of the new international and EU regulatory framework targeting decarbonisation in the shipping industry. Compared with other sectors, the shipping industry has traditionally been labelled a 'slow mover' concerning the sustainability agenda. However, new regulatory measures on carbon reduction both internationally and in the EU require fundamentally new developments in the industry. This book focuses on the goal of carbon reduction from a private law perspective and considers how the new regulatory framework can be implemented in the shipping industry. This book studies existing contractual provisions in charterparties and bills of lading alongside new contractual model clauses designed to facilitate carbon reduction. It considers how the new clauses should be interpreted, whether they will transform traditional shipping contracts into more collaborative contracts, and how they will interact with other clauses in the contract and with other contracts in the supply chain. The contractual analysis is considered in context, reflecting on enforcement issues, such as Port State Control (PSC), the Poseidon Principles, and climate change litigation. The book also analyses the related topic of shipping contracts for carbon storage as a necessary means of meeting carbon reduction targets. The book is intended to pave the way for understanding how core shipping contracts can work in this new context and the extent to which the new types of clauses will profoundly transform contracts. It presents contributions by experienced and younger academics and practitioners from Asian, European and Scandinavian legal systems.
Author: David A. Deese Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 100088872X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 173
Book Description
This book assesses the extent to which two specialized UN agencies – the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in London and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in Montreal – have been able to regulate environmental pollution in the global commons. Since the Kyoto Protocol and its tasking of these two public International Organizations (IOs) in 1997 to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from the fast-growing international shipping and aviation sectors, they have struggled with the assignment even as the external pressure has mounted for them to act. David Deese examines why these two UN agencies have largely failed to execute their critical missions to date and explores the most promising emerging and feasible routes to control and reduce these emissions by other means. Drawing on a range of sources including interviews with key actors in the IMO and ICAO, as well as from industry and national governments, Deese looks at the multifaceted politics that drive these IOs and considers how this has delayed and frustrated the execution of their assigned climate mitigation missions. He also explains how the limitations of the IMO and ICAO are likely to be found to a degree in other UN specialized agencies and examines how lessons learned here will be helpful in understanding the operations of other IOs. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of global governance and IOs, transport, and environment and climate change. It will also be a useful resource for industry and non-profit experts and public officials working in shipping and aviation regulation.
Author: Rickard Bergqvist Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128140550 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 312
Book Description
Green Ports: Inland and Seaside Sustainable Transportation Strategies presents the first book to exclusively focus on this important topic that is usually only covered in brief chapters or journal articles that are too theoretical, fragmented or regionally-focused. This book comprehensively and systematically examines the key issues and best practice for understanding green ports and quantifying aspects of their environmental performance. This applied research book will help researchers formulate the needed research questions. Includes practical application tools and techniques for increasing sustainability throughout the entire transportation chain Provides an overall picture of green ports through a collection of expert specialists Examines how ports and surrounding areas are addressing the environmental impacts related to growth in the cruise business Presents a theoretical framework to identify best practices for planning and policymaking for the impacts posed by climate change
Author: Ulrich Beyerlin Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 1847317685 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 457
Book Description
International Environmental Law is a new textbook written for students, practitioners, and anyone interested in the subject. The overall aim of the book is to provide a fresh understanding of international environmental law as a whole, seen in the light of climate change, biodiversity loss, and the other serious environmental challenges facing the world. The book has also been kept deliberately manageable in size by careful selection of topics and by adopting a cross-cutting synthesis of regulatory interaction in the field. This enables the reader to place international environmental law in the broader context of public international law in general, revealing at the same time that international environmental law is experimental ground for developing new legal approaches towards global governance. To this end, the authors have combined theory and practice. Apart from discussing concepts, rule-making and compliance, the book looks at options for improved coordination, harmonisation and even integration of existing multilateral environmental agreements, analysing how conflicts between various environmental regimes can be avoided or, at least, adequately managed. The authors argue that an appropriate management of international environmental relations must address the North-South divide, which continues to be a major obstacle to global environmental cooperation. Furthermore, the authors emphasise the growing human rights dimension of international environmental law. This book is an ideal 'door opener' for the further study of international environmental law. Focusing on 'international environmental governance' in a comprehensive way, it serves to explain that each institution, each actor, and each instrument is part of a multi-dimensional process in international environmental law and relations.
Author: Alice C. Hill Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0197549705 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 273
Book Description
"The Fight for Climate after COVID-19 draws on the troubled and uneven COVID-19 experience to illustrate the critical need to ramp up resilience rapidly and effectively on a global scale. After years of working alongside public health and resilience experts crafting policy to build both pandemic and climate change preparedness, Alice C. Hill exposes parallels between the underutilized measures that governments should have taken to contain the spread of COVID-19 -- such as early action, cross-border planning, and bolstering emergency preparation -- and the steps leaders can take now to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Through practical analyses of current policy and thoughtful guidance for successful climate adaptation, The Fight for Climate after COVID-19 reveals that, just as our society has transformed itself to meet the challenge of coronavirus, so too will we need to adapt our thinking and our policies to combat the ever-increasing threat of climate change." --
Author: Abigail Oppong
Author: Abigail Oppong
Author: Beatriz Martinez Romera
Author: Yubing Shi
Author: Harilaos N. Psaraftis
Author: 
Author: Stephen Girvin
Author: David A. Deese
Author: Rickard Bergqvist
Author: Ulrich Beyerlin
Author: Alice C. Hill