The Nature of "intelligence" and the Principles of Cognition PDF Download

Author: Charles Spearman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cognition
Languages : en
Pages : 382

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Author: Lauren B. Resnick
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1003827500
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 379

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In the 1960s and early 1970s, converging scientific and social movements had generated increasing concern over the meaning of the term intelligence. Traditional definitions, rooted in the history of intelligence testing and school selection practices, had come under challenge as experimental psychology turned increasingly to the study of human cognitive processes and as understanding of the influence of culture on patterns of thinking grew. Originally published in 1976, the theme of the book is an examination of cognitive and adaptive processes involved in intelligent behavior and a look at how these processes might be related to tested intelligence. The book contains sections on intelligence from the psychometric viewpoint, computer simulations of intelligent behavior, studies of intelligence as social and biological adaptation, and intelligence analyzed in terms of basic cognitive processes. In a number of the chapters the constructs and methods of modern information-processing psychology are used in their analyses of intelligence. As the reader will discover, the divisions of the book do not necessarily represent competing viewpoints, but rather multiple windows on the phenomenon of human intelligence. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.

Author: Gregory R. Bock
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470870842
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 308

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Evolutionary psychology and behavioural genetics are two successful and important fields in the study of human behaviour, but practitioners in these subjects have different conceptions of the nature of human intelligence. Evolutionary psychologists dispute the existence of general intelligence and emphasise the differences among species. They argue that natural and sexual selection would be expected to produce intelligences that are specialised for particular domains, as encountered by particular species. Behavioural geneticists consider general intelligence to be the most fundamental aspect of intelligence and concentrate on the differences between individuals of the same species. This exciting book features papers and discussion contributions from leading behavioural geneticists, evolutionary psychologists and experts on intelligence that explore the differences and the tensions between these two approaches. The nature of 'g' or general intelligence is discussed in detail, as is the issue of the heritability of intelligence. The alternative approaches that emphasise domain-specific intelligences are explored, alongside wide-ranging discussions on a broad range of issues such as the biological basis for intelligence, animal models and changes in IQ scores over time.

Author: Robert J. Sternberg
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521827442
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 359

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Author: Penelope H. Brooks
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780898593747
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 578

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First published in 1984. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Author: Robert J. Sternberg
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107176573
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 351

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Provides an overview of leading scholars' approaches to understanding the nature of intelligence, its measurement, its investigation, and its development.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 364

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Author: National Academy of Sciences
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388

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The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.

Author: Samuel Gershman
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691225990
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 218

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How a computational framework can account for the successes and failures of human cognition At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. What Makes Us Smart makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory—in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, Samuel Gershman shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the “stupid” errors of human cognition. Embarking on a journey across psychology, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, and economics, Gershman presents unifying principles that govern human intelligence. First, inductive bias: any system that makes inferences based on limited data must constrain its hypotheses in some way before observing data. Second, approximation bias: any system that makes inferences and decisions with limited resources must make approximations. Applying these principles to a range of computational errors made by humans, Gershman demonstrates that intelligent systems designed to meet these constraints yield characteristically human errors. Examining how humans make intelligent and maladaptive decisions, What Makes Us Smart delves into the successes and failures of cognition.

Author: Sir Norman Lockyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic journals
Languages : en
Pages : 598

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