Author: Jonathan Mark Burton Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The first gasworks were developed in the early 19th Century and their usage increased until the 1970's when the manufacture of town gas was phased out owing to the new natural gas supply. Consequently, gasworks often have a long history of potentially contaminative use. The main process utilised on these sites, coal carbonization, produced a broad range of potential contaminants including phenols, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (P AH's), ammonium, and cyanides. This study has focused largely on ammonium and phenol migration and attenuation in the Chalk aquifer and overlying sediments, following the extensive characterisation of a former gasworks at St Albans, Hertfordshire, UK. Invasive and non-invasive techniques, including borehole construction, enabling core- retrieval, "--And geophysical investigation methods respectively, have been used to characterise the nature and extent of contamination and the possible migration pathways in the Chalk aquifer. Chalk pore-water quality analyses indicate that the aquifer is contaminated at depth, but attenuation of ammonium and phenol is sufficient to reduce .- 'concentrations to an acceptable level in the nearby Holywell Hill pumping station. Concentrations of ammonium, phenols and the BTEX compounds in fissure-derived water beneath the former gasworks are well above drinking water" standards, and long- term monitoring has shown that their distribution is closely related to fluctuations in water levels and changes in pumping regimes at the pumping station. Excavation and drilling work has highlighted the variability in the depth of the Chalk surface over the study area, and this has a significant influence on groundwater flow and contaminant -- distribution. Batch adsorption experiments on unsaturated and saturated zone sediments suggest that -phenol is only adsorbed by topsoil samples owing to the presence of specific fractions of organic matter. Ammonium adsorption was highest in unsaturated zone sediments and is closely related to surface area and cation exchange capacity. Leaching through cores suggests that the Chalk matrix has little potential for the attenuation of ammonium. Biodegradation appears to control the attenuation of phenol in the Chalk.
Author: Duane L. Winegardner Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420033018 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 463
Book Description
The second edition of Restoration of Contaminated Aquifers: Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Compounds incorporates the latest advances in in-situ remediation and natural attenuation, and maintains the comprehensive, accessible structure that made the first edition a classic. The new edition broadens the scope of the first by examining all
Author: W. N. Selander Publisher: Chalk River, Ont. : Storage and Disposal Technology Branch, Chalk River Laboratories ISBN: 9780660161686 Category : Groundwater Languages : en Pages : 16
Author: G. McCall Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9789054106470 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 292
Book Description
This volume looks at the increasing demand for geoscientific input to planning urban land use, rectifying problems of decay and poor prior procedures, rehabilitating land after the closure of extractive and other industries, designing new constructions, and environmental assessment.
Author: Chunmiao Zheng Publisher: Wiley ISBN: 9780471285366 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Applied Contaminant Transport Modeling Theory and Practice Chunmiao Zheng and Gordon D. Bennett The design of remedial systems for groundwater contamination requires a thorough understanding of how various interacting processes — advection, dispersion, and chemical reactions — influence the movement and fate of contaminants. Solute transport simulation provides an ideal vehicle to synthesize these controlling processes, evaluate their interactions, and test the effectiveness of remedial measures. Applied Contaminant Transport Modeling is the first complete resource designed to provide clear coverage of the basic principles of solute transport simulation — including the theory behind the most common numerical techniques for solving transport equations, and step-by-step guidance on the development and use of field-scale models. Written by two experts with extensive practical experience in the field, Applied Contaminant Transport Modeling clearly explains: Factors controlling the transport and fate of solutes in the subsurface —g including advective and dispersive transport and chemical reaction — and the equations governing these processes Development of mathematical models of solute transport regimes and representative analytical solutions to the transport equation Particle tracking as a practical tool for solving many types of field problems Development of Eulerian-Lagrangian methods for solving advection-dispersion-reaction equations Step-by-step development and application of solute transport models — emphasizing problem formulation, model setup, parameter selection, calibration, and sensitivity analysis Sources of uncertainty in transport simulation, and methods of evaluating and managing uncertainty Applied Contaminant Transport Modeling presents detailed case histories illustrating how hydrologists, geologists, chemists, and environmental engineers apply transport models in real-life situations, including landfills, hazardous waste sites, and contaminated aquifers. An optional diskette designed to accompany the text provides software to help the reader explore the concepts and techniques presented in the text and gain hands-on experience in transport simulation. Driven by growing concern over groundwater quality and the rapid dissemination of computer technology, solute transport simulation has become an essential means of evaluating and solving groundwater contamination and remediation problems. Applied Contaminant Transport Modeling provides you with the tools to master this significant field of study.
Author: Jonathan Mark Burton
Author: Duane L. Winegardner
Author: Deborah L. Hall
Author: W. N. Selander
Author: Benjamin Arthur Fretwell
Author: G. McCall
Author: 
Author: American Geophysical Union. Meeting
Author: Chunmiao Zheng
Author: Masashi Kamon