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Author: Owen Haaga Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 29
Book Description
People face a wide range of risks throughout their lifetime that can disrupt employment, reduce earnings, derail retirement planning, and impair economic well-being later in life. This paper measures the impact of health, employment, and marital status shocks on lifetime earnings. Using household survey data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation matched to administrative earnings records, we compared lifetime earnings for people who developed a health problem that limited the type or amount of work they could do, were laid off from their job, or became widowed, divorced, or separated with those who did not experience these shocks.The paper found that:-Employment shocks are fairly common, and disability shocks become much more common as people age. About one in five workers is laid off from their job over a four-year period, even when the job market is robust. About one in seven men and one in six women develop a work-limiting disability in their early 50s.-People who eventually develop disabilities or lose their jobs generally have lower lifetime earnings even before these shocks occur than people who do not experience these shocks.-Health and employment shocks have substantial and long-lasting impacts on earnings. Relative lifetime earnings rank falls by 5 percentile points a decade and a half after disability onset and by 3 percentile points a decade and a half after job loss. The policy implications of the findings are:-Strong safety nets are essential for people who experience health problems and job losses during their working years.-Increased investment in workforce development programs, including retraining of displaced workers, might raise lifetime earnings for workers who have experienced job layoffs.
Author: Owen Haaga Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 29
Book Description
People face a wide range of risks throughout their lifetime that can disrupt employment, reduce earnings, derail retirement planning, and impair economic well-being later in life. This paper measures the impact of health, employment, and marital status shocks on lifetime earnings. Using household survey data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation matched to administrative earnings records, we compared lifetime earnings for people who developed a health problem that limited the type or amount of work they could do, were laid off from their job, or became widowed, divorced, or separated with those who did not experience these shocks.The paper found that:-Employment shocks are fairly common, and disability shocks become much more common as people age. About one in five workers is laid off from their job over a four-year period, even when the job market is robust. About one in seven men and one in six women develop a work-limiting disability in their early 50s.-People who eventually develop disabilities or lose their jobs generally have lower lifetime earnings even before these shocks occur than people who do not experience these shocks.-Health and employment shocks have substantial and long-lasting impacts on earnings. Relative lifetime earnings rank falls by 5 percentile points a decade and a half after disability onset and by 3 percentile points a decade and a half after job loss. The policy implications of the findings are:-Strong safety nets are essential for people who experience health problems and job losses during their working years.-Increased investment in workforce development programs, including retraining of displaced workers, might raise lifetime earnings for workers who have experienced job layoffs.
Author: Priyanka Anand Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The onset of a disability or major health shock can affect the labor supply of not only those experiencing the event but also their family members. Potential caregivers face a tradeoff between time spent earning income for the family and providing care for their spouse, which could be affected by the availability of paid leave. We examine caregiving and labor supply decisions after a spouse's disability or health shock and the role of paid leave laws implemented in California and New Jersey in the response using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We show that labor force participation of potential caregivers decreased after spousal work-limiting disability or chronic health condition and, to a lesser extent, work-limiting illness. We find that paid leave reduces the likelihood that potential caregivers decrease their work hours to provide caregiving to their spouse after a work-limiting disability or chronic health condition, but limited evidence of effects on other employment outcomes. Our findings demonstrate that spousal disability and health shocks have long-run effects on household labor supply and therefore could be mediated by paid leave; we conclude by discussing possible reasons for finding limited impact in this context.
Author: Jerry L. Mashaw Publisher: W. E. Upjohn Institute ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 448
Book Description
Reviews the US Social Security disability programme, with a view to determining whether rehabilitation and work could be incorporated in the income programme without greatly expanding costs or weakening the right to benefit for disabled persons.
Author: Peihong Feng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Asthma in children Languages : en Pages : 106
Book Description
Abstract: The first essay explores the differential impacts of child disability on maternal labor supply due to both episodic conditions such as asthma and other health limitations that do not have episodic symptomology. This is the first study that child disabilities are broken down into asthma and non-asthma types and episodic versus non-episodic types of health limitations. Using panel data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), the differential impacts of child disability on maternal working hours are estimated using Wooldridge's (1995) method. The empirical results show that single mothers do not experience decreased working hours when they have a child with a health condition other than asthma, but their annual working hours decrease by 165 hours when there is an asthmatic child in the household. The second essay examines the effects of a disabled child on the mother's marital durations. This study provides a complete picture on how child disability affects different types of marital durations. This study also investigates multiple married or unmarried spells to obtain more insight of how a child in poor health affects the mother's marital status in the long term, beyond the first marriage and the first divorce. Using data from NLSY79, the duration model accounting for unobserved heterogeneity is used. The results show that a single mother with a disabled child has a significantly lower likelihood of starting a new marriage than her counterparts. Simulations show that child disability deters divorced and never-married mothers from a (re)marriage by an average of 15 months or 14 months, respectively, compared to the situation when the child is in good health. However, the results do not show any evidence that a disabled child has a disruptive effect on the parents' existing marriage.
Author: Kenneth A. Couch Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 0804786437 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 340
Book Description
In Lifecycle Events and Their Consequences: Job Loss, Family Change, and Declines in Health, editors Kenneth A. Couch, Mary C. Daly, and Julie Zissimopoulos bring together leading scholars to study the impact of unexpected life course events on economic welfare. The contributions in this volume explore how job loss, the onset of health limitations, and changes in household structure can have a pronounced influence on individual and household well-being across the life course. Although these events are typically studied in isolation, they frequently co-occur or are otherwise interrelated. This book provides a systematic empirical overview of these sometimes uncertain events and their impact. By placing them in a unified analytical framework and approaching each of them from a similar perspective, Lifecycle Events and Their Consequences illustrates the importance of a coherent approach to thinking about the inter-relationships among these shifts. Finally, this volume aims to set the future research agenda in this important area.
Author: Kerwin Kofi Charles Publisher: ISBN: Category : Displaced workers Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
This paper examines how job displacement and physical disability suffered by a spouse affects the probability that the person's marriage ends in divorce. According to the standard economic model of marriage, the arrival of new information about a partner's earning capacity that a negative earnings shock conveys might affect the gains that the couple believes it will receive from remaining married. Shocks may therefore affect divorce probability. Little previous work has explored this issue. The few efforts that exist use no explicit measures of earning shocks. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this paper finds an increase in the probability of divorce following a spouse's job displacement but no change in divorce probability after a spousal disability. This difference casts doubt on a purely pecuniary motivation for divorce following earnings shocks, since both types of shocks exhibit similar long-run economic consequences. Furthermore, the increase in divorce is found only for layoffs and not for plant closings which suggests that information conveyed about a partner's non-economic suitability as a mate due to a job loss may be more important than the financial losses in precipitating a divorce
Author: Melvin Stephens Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
While prior studies of job displacement and disability have measured the impact of these shocks in terms of lost earnings, there has been no previous research which links these permanent earnings shocks to the long-run consumption smoothing behavior of these households. Since consumption is generally considered a better measure of well-being than income, understanding the link between these earnings shocks and consumption is important in trying to gauge the magnitude of the long-run impact caused by such events. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the analysis finds the percentage change in consumption is generally less than that of the head's earnings and total family income, especially at the time of the shock. The results also indicate that displaced households respond to an increase in the probability of future job losses by reducing their consumption prior to a job loss. These results suggest that only focusing on earnings will overestimate the impact of these shocks on household well-being.
Author: Priyanka Anand Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The onset of a disability or major health shock can affect the labor supply of not only those experiencing the event but also their family members. Potential caregivers face a tradeoff between time spent earning income for the family and providing care for their spouse, which could be affected by the availability of paid leave. We examine caregiving and labor supply decisions after a spouse's disability or health shock and the role of paid leave laws implemented in California and New Jersey in the response using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We show that labor force participation of potential caregivers decreased after spousal work-limiting disability or chronic health condition and, to a lesser extent, work-limiting illness. We find that paid leave reduces the likelihood that potential caregivers decrease their work hours to provide caregiving to their spouse after a work-limiting disability or chronic health condition, but limited evidence of effects on other employment outcomes. Our findings demonstrate that spousal disability and health shocks have long-run effects on household labor supply and therefore could be mediated by paid leave; we conclude by discussing possible reasons for finding limited impact in this context.
Author: Snaebjorn Gunnsteinsson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Childhood disability is a major health shock that affects parents early in their working life. We estimate its impact on parents' career trajectories, their balance sheets, and major life decisions using detailed register data from Denmark. To identify the causal effect of childhood disability we use an event study approach, where we control for a rich set of pre-birth variables and focus on conditions that have no or weak associations with socioeconomic determinants. We find that having a child with a disability has strong negative impact on mothers' earnings. The effect is persistent and the wage penalty appears to grow over time. Fathers' earnings are also affected but the impact is notably smaller. We find that both parents are less likely to be employed in the long run and are less likely to ascend to top executive positions. The long-term structure of the household is also affected as subsequent fertility is lower and partnership dissolution is more common. Finally, despite this financial shock, long term net worth of families is not affected or may be positively affected, potentially due to help from government transfers and lower cost associated with having fewer other children, or due to a stronger savings motive for the long term care of the disabled child.
Author: Cem Mete Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821373382 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 156
Book Description
A significant portion of the population in the Eastern Europe and Central Asia region are either in poor health or disabled. This research shows that the linkages between disability and economic and social outcomes of interest tend to be stronger in transition countries when compared with industrialized countries. Reasons for this trend include the prevalence of a large informal sector in many developing countries, relatively weak targeting performance of social assistance programs (especially in poor transition countries), and unavailability of broad based insurance mechanisms to protect individuals against loss of income due to unexpected illness.
Author: Owen Haaga
Author: Owen Haaga
Author: Priyanka Anand
Author: Jerry L. Mashaw
Author: Peihong Feng
Author: Kenneth A. Couch
Author: Kerwin Kofi Charles
Author: Melvin Stephens
Author: Priyanka Anand
Author: Snaebjorn Gunnsteinsson
Author: Cem Mete