Author: Simon Curtis
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317984366
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 494
Book Description
This is the leading text on shipbuilding and marine construction, already widely used on a global basis by shipowners, shipbuilders and their commercial and legal advisers. It is now ten years since the last edition and much has changed in the world of shipbuilding since then, particularly in the period since 2008 which has seen numerous attempts by owners to renegotiate the prices and/or delivery dates of tonnage and an enormous increase in the level of “vessel rejection” and cancellation disputes. The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts examines the principles of English contract law as these apply to shipbuilding. This edition comments in detail upon the Shipbuilders’ Association of Japan Form but now contrasts this with the NEWBUILDCON from BIMCO in 2007 and the China Maritime Arbitration Commission Forms from 2011 where these are significantly different. It also includes sections dealing with agreements ancillary to the shipbuilding contract and conversion contracts. Overview of book: Since the last edition in 2002, China has become a major global exporter of newbuildings and new BIMCO shipbuilding contract form has been published. Although retaining the original format of commentary on the Japanese (SAJ) standard form shipbuilding contract, the new edition contrasts this with the BIMCO form and the recently published China Maritime Arbitration Commission (CMAC) form in order to provide a broad ranging analysis of this complex subject. The book details the principles of English contract law as these apply to international shipbuilding. It will, as in the previous editions, also include sections dealing with the guarantees and other agreements which support the shipbuilding contract and with ship conversion contracts Essential reading for: - Purchasers and charterers of newbuilding tonnage - Shipbuilders and offshore construction yards - Lawyers and insurers working in the maritime and offshore oil and gas sectors - Banks and other finance providers
The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts
Author: Simon Curtis
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317984366
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 494
Book Description
This is the leading text on shipbuilding and marine construction, already widely used on a global basis by shipowners, shipbuilders and their commercial and legal advisers. It is now ten years since the last edition and much has changed in the world of shipbuilding since then, particularly in the period since 2008 which has seen numerous attempts by owners to renegotiate the prices and/or delivery dates of tonnage and an enormous increase in the level of “vessel rejection” and cancellation disputes. The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts examines the principles of English contract law as these apply to shipbuilding. This edition comments in detail upon the Shipbuilders’ Association of Japan Form but now contrasts this with the NEWBUILDCON from BIMCO in 2007 and the China Maritime Arbitration Commission Forms from 2011 where these are significantly different. It also includes sections dealing with agreements ancillary to the shipbuilding contract and conversion contracts. Overview of book: Since the last edition in 2002, China has become a major global exporter of newbuildings and new BIMCO shipbuilding contract form has been published. Although retaining the original format of commentary on the Japanese (SAJ) standard form shipbuilding contract, the new edition contrasts this with the BIMCO form and the recently published China Maritime Arbitration Commission (CMAC) form in order to provide a broad ranging analysis of this complex subject. The book details the principles of English contract law as these apply to international shipbuilding. It will, as in the previous editions, also include sections dealing with the guarantees and other agreements which support the shipbuilding contract and with ship conversion contracts Essential reading for: - Purchasers and charterers of newbuilding tonnage - Shipbuilders and offshore construction yards - Lawyers and insurers working in the maritime and offshore oil and gas sectors - Banks and other finance providers
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317984366
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 494
Book Description
This is the leading text on shipbuilding and marine construction, already widely used on a global basis by shipowners, shipbuilders and their commercial and legal advisers. It is now ten years since the last edition and much has changed in the world of shipbuilding since then, particularly in the period since 2008 which has seen numerous attempts by owners to renegotiate the prices and/or delivery dates of tonnage and an enormous increase in the level of “vessel rejection” and cancellation disputes. The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts examines the principles of English contract law as these apply to shipbuilding. This edition comments in detail upon the Shipbuilders’ Association of Japan Form but now contrasts this with the NEWBUILDCON from BIMCO in 2007 and the China Maritime Arbitration Commission Forms from 2011 where these are significantly different. It also includes sections dealing with agreements ancillary to the shipbuilding contract and conversion contracts. Overview of book: Since the last edition in 2002, China has become a major global exporter of newbuildings and new BIMCO shipbuilding contract form has been published. Although retaining the original format of commentary on the Japanese (SAJ) standard form shipbuilding contract, the new edition contrasts this with the BIMCO form and the recently published China Maritime Arbitration Commission (CMAC) form in order to provide a broad ranging analysis of this complex subject. The book details the principles of English contract law as these apply to international shipbuilding. It will, as in the previous editions, also include sections dealing with the guarantees and other agreements which support the shipbuilding contract and with ship conversion contracts Essential reading for: - Purchasers and charterers of newbuilding tonnage - Shipbuilders and offshore construction yards - Lawyers and insurers working in the maritime and offshore oil and gas sectors - Banks and other finance providers
The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts
Author: Simon Curtis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 442
Book Description
This guide to the legal principles governing contracts for the construction of ships has been updated to take into account developments and case law. The second edition addresses a number of significant changes in the English law of contract as it affects the interpretation of shipbuilding contracts and the ancillary agreements used in the majority of large-scale newbuilding projects.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 442
Book Description
This guide to the legal principles governing contracts for the construction of ships has been updated to take into account developments and case law. The second edition addresses a number of significant changes in the English law of contract as it affects the interpretation of shipbuilding contracts and the ancillary agreements used in the majority of large-scale newbuilding projects.
The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts
Author: Simon Curtis
Publisher: Informa Law from Routledge
ISBN: 9781138370166
Category : Shipbuilding contracts
Languages : en
Pages : 441
Book Description
The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts examines the principles of English contract law as these apply to shipbuilding. The leading text on shipbuilding and marine construction, widely used by the global maritime community, this new edition is updated to account for the "long tail" effects of the global economic crisis on the sector. The authors provide expert analysis on the key shipbuilding contract forms, including sections dealing with agreements ancillary to the shipbuilding contract and ship conversion contracts, together with -- for the first time -- contracts for the construction of offshore oil and gas vessels and units. The new edition has been comprehensively updated, including commentary on recent High Court decisions on shipbuilding contracts and, in particular, associated refund guarantees. The contractual and legal consequences of global economic turbulence and the resultant increase in the number and size of disputes in the shipbuilding sector are discussed, alongside coverage of other contemporary regulatory and legal issues resulting from environmental pressures and the trend for "cleaner", more efficient tonnage. A comprehensive and authoritative resource, this book is essential reading for buyers and charterers of newbuilding tonnage, shipbuilders and offshore construction yards, shipbrokers, banks and other finance providers, lawyers and insurers working in the maritime and offshore oil and gas sectors, as well as students of maritime law.
Publisher: Informa Law from Routledge
ISBN: 9781138370166
Category : Shipbuilding contracts
Languages : en
Pages : 441
Book Description
The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts examines the principles of English contract law as these apply to shipbuilding. The leading text on shipbuilding and marine construction, widely used by the global maritime community, this new edition is updated to account for the "long tail" effects of the global economic crisis on the sector. The authors provide expert analysis on the key shipbuilding contract forms, including sections dealing with agreements ancillary to the shipbuilding contract and ship conversion contracts, together with -- for the first time -- contracts for the construction of offshore oil and gas vessels and units. The new edition has been comprehensively updated, including commentary on recent High Court decisions on shipbuilding contracts and, in particular, associated refund guarantees. The contractual and legal consequences of global economic turbulence and the resultant increase in the number and size of disputes in the shipbuilding sector are discussed, alongside coverage of other contemporary regulatory and legal issues resulting from environmental pressures and the trend for "cleaner", more efficient tonnage. A comprehensive and authoritative resource, this book is essential reading for buyers and charterers of newbuilding tonnage, shipbuilders and offshore construction yards, shipbrokers, banks and other finance providers, lawyers and insurers working in the maritime and offshore oil and gas sectors, as well as students of maritime law.
Ship Building, Sale and Finance
Author: Baris Soyer
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 131742476X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 525
Book Description
Written by a team of acclaimed practitioners and leading academics, this book brings together in one single volume an analysis of contemporary legal issues concerning ship building, sale and finance contracts. It offers a comprehensive, expert and thoroughly practical guide on what is a very complex area of law in today's international shipping industry. The book presents a detailed and critical analysis of standard and non-standard shipbuilding and sale contracts, including vital but often overlooked issues such as payment and refund guarantees, which have been at the forefront of recent litigation and practice. It also critically and thoroughly analyses several types of standard insurance contracts, including shipbuilder's risks and mortgagee's interests, which are not adequately dealt with elsewhere and it provides a critical and contemporary discussion on the legal and practical issues surrounding ship finance, ship mortgages and more esoteric issues such as the use of bareboat charters and financial derivatives. This book is an indispensable guide for legal practitioners, academics and industry professionals worldwide. The book is divided into 3 parts; Legal Issues relating to Ship Building, Ship Sale Contracts and Practice, and Legal and Practical Issues relating to Ship Finance. Each has been expertly contributed to by the leading practitioners and academics in the field from top firms, chambers and institutions including; Ince & Co, Quadrant Chambers, Haynes and Boone CDG, LLP, Holman Fenwick Willan LLP, Watson Farley & Williams LLP, 7 Kings Bench Walk, and Institute of International Shipping and Trade Law (IISTL) of Swansea University.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 131742476X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 525
Book Description
Written by a team of acclaimed practitioners and leading academics, this book brings together in one single volume an analysis of contemporary legal issues concerning ship building, sale and finance contracts. It offers a comprehensive, expert and thoroughly practical guide on what is a very complex area of law in today's international shipping industry. The book presents a detailed and critical analysis of standard and non-standard shipbuilding and sale contracts, including vital but often overlooked issues such as payment and refund guarantees, which have been at the forefront of recent litigation and practice. It also critically and thoroughly analyses several types of standard insurance contracts, including shipbuilder's risks and mortgagee's interests, which are not adequately dealt with elsewhere and it provides a critical and contemporary discussion on the legal and practical issues surrounding ship finance, ship mortgages and more esoteric issues such as the use of bareboat charters and financial derivatives. This book is an indispensable guide for legal practitioners, academics and industry professionals worldwide. The book is divided into 3 parts; Legal Issues relating to Ship Building, Ship Sale Contracts and Practice, and Legal and Practical Issues relating to Ship Finance. Each has been expertly contributed to by the leading practitioners and academics in the field from top firms, chambers and institutions including; Ince & Co, Quadrant Chambers, Haynes and Boone CDG, LLP, Holman Fenwick Willan LLP, Watson Farley & Williams LLP, 7 Kings Bench Walk, and Institute of International Shipping and Trade Law (IISTL) of Swansea University.
Offshore Construction
Author: Stuart Beadnall
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317628128
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 401
Book Description
With thirty per cent of the world’s oil and gas production coming from offshore areas, the construction of specialist vessels to perform offshore operations is a crucial part of the industry. However, with exploration and production being performed in increasingly exacting locations, the scope for disputes arising from cost overruns, scheduling delays and technical difficulties is immense. In the absence of legal precedent, this ground-breaking title provides practical guidance on avoiding and resolving disputes in the construction of offshore units and vessels, including FPSOs, drilling units, OSVs and fixed platforms. Written by a leading team at Stephenson Harwood, this book covers the entire construction process from initial concept right through to installation, at each stage commenting on typical contract terms and offering expert advice based on real-life examples. Key topics include: Design risk Changes to the work Consequences of delay Acceptance Tests Termination Dispute resolution This unique text will be of enormous assistance both to legal practitioners and offshore construction professionals including project managers, financiers, insurers, and sub-contractors.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317628128
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 401
Book Description
With thirty per cent of the world’s oil and gas production coming from offshore areas, the construction of specialist vessels to perform offshore operations is a crucial part of the industry. However, with exploration and production being performed in increasingly exacting locations, the scope for disputes arising from cost overruns, scheduling delays and technical difficulties is immense. In the absence of legal precedent, this ground-breaking title provides practical guidance on avoiding and resolving disputes in the construction of offshore units and vessels, including FPSOs, drilling units, OSVs and fixed platforms. Written by a leading team at Stephenson Harwood, this book covers the entire construction process from initial concept right through to installation, at each stage commenting on typical contract terms and offering expert advice based on real-life examples. Key topics include: Design risk Changes to the work Consequences of delay Acceptance Tests Termination Dispute resolution This unique text will be of enormous assistance both to legal practitioners and offshore construction professionals including project managers, financiers, insurers, and sub-contractors.
A Guide to Shipbuilding Contracts
Author: Albert Lazarus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 106
Book Description
Having been involved in the shipping industry for more than 20 years in different roles, I have been wanting to publish a book on the complex subject of ship building contract. My association with Norwegian shipping companies who constantly upgraded their fleet of ships made the subject all the more interesting with first hand experience at various shipyards. The thought of the development taking place around the Indian coast and the Government of India focus on developing the maritime sector prompted me to write this book. This book guides on the various aspects of a ship building contract.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 106
Book Description
Having been involved in the shipping industry for more than 20 years in different roles, I have been wanting to publish a book on the complex subject of ship building contract. My association with Norwegian shipping companies who constantly upgraded their fleet of ships made the subject all the more interesting with first hand experience at various shipyards. The thought of the development taking place around the Indian coast and the Government of India focus on developing the maritime sector prompted me to write this book. This book guides on the various aspects of a ship building contract.
The IMLI Manual on International Maritime Law
Author: David Joseph Attard
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199683948
Category : Law of the sea
Languages : en
Pages : 657
Book Description
"This three-volume Manual on International Maritime Law presents a systematic analysis of the history and contemporary development of international maritime law by leading contributors from across the world. Prepared in cooperation with the International Maritime Law Institute, the International Maritime Organization's research and training institute, this a uniquely comprehensive study of this fundamental area of international law. Volume I: The Law of the Sea addresses the major issues which arise in the law of the sea. It provides a detailed understanding of the historical development of the law of the sea; the role of the International Maritime Organization; the law surrounding maritime zones; the legal regime of islands; the international sea-bed area; the legal regime governing marine scientific research; the rights and obligations of land-locked and geographically disadvantaged states; the legal regime of Arctic and Antarctic; and the settlements of disputes. This volume also considers the ways in which human rights and the law of the sea interact." --
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199683948
Category : Law of the sea
Languages : en
Pages : 657
Book Description
"This three-volume Manual on International Maritime Law presents a systematic analysis of the history and contemporary development of international maritime law by leading contributors from across the world. Prepared in cooperation with the International Maritime Law Institute, the International Maritime Organization's research and training institute, this a uniquely comprehensive study of this fundamental area of international law. Volume I: The Law of the Sea addresses the major issues which arise in the law of the sea. It provides a detailed understanding of the historical development of the law of the sea; the role of the International Maritime Organization; the law surrounding maritime zones; the legal regime of islands; the international sea-bed area; the legal regime governing marine scientific research; the rights and obligations of land-locked and geographically disadvantaged states; the legal regime of Arctic and Antarctic; and the settlements of disputes. This volume also considers the ways in which human rights and the law of the sea interact." --
The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts
Author: Simon Curtis
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317984358
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 731
Book Description
This is the leading text on shipbuilding and marine construction, already widely used on a global basis by shipowners, shipbuilders and their commercial and legal advisers. It is now ten years since the last edition and much has changed in the world of shipbuilding since then, particularly in the period since 2008 which has seen numerous attempts by owners to renegotiate the prices and/or delivery dates of tonnage and an enormous increase in the level of “vessel rejection” and cancellation disputes. The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts examines the principles of English contract law as these apply to shipbuilding. This edition comments in detail upon the Shipbuilders’ Association of Japan Form but now contrasts this with the NEWBUILDCON from BIMCO in 2007 and the China Maritime Arbitration Commission Forms from 2011 where these are significantly different. It also includes sections dealing with agreements ancillary to the shipbuilding contract and conversion contracts. Overview of book: Since the last edition in 2002, China has become a major global exporter of newbuildings and new BIMCO shipbuilding contract form has been published. Although retaining the original format of commentary on the Japanese (SAJ) standard form shipbuilding contract, the new edition contrasts this with the BIMCO form and the recently published China Maritime Arbitration Commission (CMAC) form in order to provide a broad ranging analysis of this complex subject. The book details the principles of English contract law as these apply to international shipbuilding. It will, as in the previous editions, also include sections dealing with the guarantees and other agreements which support the shipbuilding contract and with ship conversion contracts Essential reading for: - Purchasers and charterers of newbuilding tonnage - Shipbuilders and offshore construction yards - Lawyers and insurers working in the maritime and offshore oil and gas sectors - Banks and other finance providers
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1317984358
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 731
Book Description
This is the leading text on shipbuilding and marine construction, already widely used on a global basis by shipowners, shipbuilders and their commercial and legal advisers. It is now ten years since the last edition and much has changed in the world of shipbuilding since then, particularly in the period since 2008 which has seen numerous attempts by owners to renegotiate the prices and/or delivery dates of tonnage and an enormous increase in the level of “vessel rejection” and cancellation disputes. The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts examines the principles of English contract law as these apply to shipbuilding. This edition comments in detail upon the Shipbuilders’ Association of Japan Form but now contrasts this with the NEWBUILDCON from BIMCO in 2007 and the China Maritime Arbitration Commission Forms from 2011 where these are significantly different. It also includes sections dealing with agreements ancillary to the shipbuilding contract and conversion contracts. Overview of book: Since the last edition in 2002, China has become a major global exporter of newbuildings and new BIMCO shipbuilding contract form has been published. Although retaining the original format of commentary on the Japanese (SAJ) standard form shipbuilding contract, the new edition contrasts this with the BIMCO form and the recently published China Maritime Arbitration Commission (CMAC) form in order to provide a broad ranging analysis of this complex subject. The book details the principles of English contract law as these apply to international shipbuilding. It will, as in the previous editions, also include sections dealing with the guarantees and other agreements which support the shipbuilding contract and with ship conversion contracts Essential reading for: - Purchasers and charterers of newbuilding tonnage - Shipbuilders and offshore construction yards - Lawyers and insurers working in the maritime and offshore oil and gas sectors - Banks and other finance providers
Maritime Law
Author: Christopher Hill
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1351559141
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 794
Book Description
Maritime Law is an exhaustive introduction to this complex area of law. The book is ideal for newcomers and experienced professionals requiring an update on the general principles and case law. • Charterparties chapter • Passengers chapter • Salvage – includes developments in case law and introduction of new Lloyd’s Open Form Salvage Agreement • Sale of ship and shipbuilding contracts • Collisions • Oil pollution – Convention on bunker spills
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1351559141
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 794
Book Description
Maritime Law is an exhaustive introduction to this complex area of law. The book is ideal for newcomers and experienced professionals requiring an update on the general principles and case law. • Charterparties chapter • Passengers chapter • Salvage – includes developments in case law and introduction of new Lloyd’s Open Form Salvage Agreement • Sale of ship and shipbuilding contracts • Collisions • Oil pollution – Convention on bunker spills
Theory, Law and Practice of Maritime Arbitration
Author: Eva Litina
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403530316
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 172
Book Description
Theory, Law and Practice of Maritime Arbitration The Case of International Contracts for the Carriage of Goods by Sea Eva Litina It is estimated that over 80% of global trade by volume is carried by sea, making maritime transport a cornerstone of the global economy. Most disputes in the shipping industry are settled by distinctive, private arbitral proceedings that are best understood by a close examination of the standard form contracts that are used in practice and of the case law arising therefrom. Extrapolating insightfully from these sources, the author of this book examines in depth the phenomenon of maritime arbitration with a specific focus on contracts for the carriage of goods by sea. She offers the first comprehensive and comparative analysis of arbitral practice in the three jurisdictions where the most frequently selected maritime arbitral seats are located: London, New York, and Singapore. An analysis of the applicable rules and relevant case law in each jurisdiction provides the basis from which a comparative assessment of maritime arbitral seats is achieved. The book addresses the following key aspects of maritime arbitration: maritime arbitration’s definition, origins, theoretical underpinnings, socioeconomic context, and significance; the maritime-specific reasons for wide use of ad hoc versus institutional arbitration; the international instruments governing arbitration in contracts for the carriage of goods by sea; the shipping industry’s pursuit of self-regulation via standard form contracts; the arbitration agreement contained in standard form charterparties and bills of lading; maritime arbitration’s unique approach to judicial review, confidentiality, and arbitrator impartiality; the specific dispute resolution objectives that compel a comparative assessment of maritime arbitral seats; and the future of maritime arbitration in light of international political, financial, and technological developments. In addition to the three main maritime arbitral seats, the analysis touches on maritime arbitration in other relevant jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong, Greece, Japan, and Korea, thus affording a comparison of the process in common and civil law jurisdictions. The book concludes by considering the potential impact of the current international political landscape, and suggesting future perspectives and research in international maritime arbitration. An important addition to scholarship in this field of law, the book’s thorough assessment of the merits of the competing maritime arbitral seats—and its specific focus on maritime disputes—will prove of significant importance to arbitrators, law firms, in-house counsel of shipping companies, international organizations, and arbitration institutions and associations. Practitioners will discover all tools necessary to examine any case before the main maritime arbitral seats with full awareness of each applicable legal regime and its distinguishing features.
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9403530316
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 172
Book Description
Theory, Law and Practice of Maritime Arbitration The Case of International Contracts for the Carriage of Goods by Sea Eva Litina It is estimated that over 80% of global trade by volume is carried by sea, making maritime transport a cornerstone of the global economy. Most disputes in the shipping industry are settled by distinctive, private arbitral proceedings that are best understood by a close examination of the standard form contracts that are used in practice and of the case law arising therefrom. Extrapolating insightfully from these sources, the author of this book examines in depth the phenomenon of maritime arbitration with a specific focus on contracts for the carriage of goods by sea. She offers the first comprehensive and comparative analysis of arbitral practice in the three jurisdictions where the most frequently selected maritime arbitral seats are located: London, New York, and Singapore. An analysis of the applicable rules and relevant case law in each jurisdiction provides the basis from which a comparative assessment of maritime arbitral seats is achieved. The book addresses the following key aspects of maritime arbitration: maritime arbitration’s definition, origins, theoretical underpinnings, socioeconomic context, and significance; the maritime-specific reasons for wide use of ad hoc versus institutional arbitration; the international instruments governing arbitration in contracts for the carriage of goods by sea; the shipping industry’s pursuit of self-regulation via standard form contracts; the arbitration agreement contained in standard form charterparties and bills of lading; maritime arbitration’s unique approach to judicial review, confidentiality, and arbitrator impartiality; the specific dispute resolution objectives that compel a comparative assessment of maritime arbitral seats; and the future of maritime arbitration in light of international political, financial, and technological developments. In addition to the three main maritime arbitral seats, the analysis touches on maritime arbitration in other relevant jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong, Greece, Japan, and Korea, thus affording a comparison of the process in common and civil law jurisdictions. The book concludes by considering the potential impact of the current international political landscape, and suggesting future perspectives and research in international maritime arbitration. An important addition to scholarship in this field of law, the book’s thorough assessment of the merits of the competing maritime arbitral seats—and its specific focus on maritime disputes—will prove of significant importance to arbitrators, law firms, in-house counsel of shipping companies, international organizations, and arbitration institutions and associations. Practitioners will discover all tools necessary to examine any case before the main maritime arbitral seats with full awareness of each applicable legal regime and its distinguishing features.