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Author: J. T. M. Miller Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192648535 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
Metaphysical and ontological debates, concerning what exists and the nature of reality, are perennial features of the philosophical landscape. However, some have argued that ontological debates are non-substantive, pointless, trivial, incoherent, or impossible. Debates about whether tables exist, for example, or about the nature of reality, are taken to be in some way deficient. This has led to a burgeoning literature studying the nature of metaphysical and ontological disputes themselves. One major debate within this context concerns the language of ontology. The central question is whether the nature of language influences or limits our ability to engage productively in ontological disputes. While we typically think that our language describes the world, or at least can accurately describe the world, there have been many who have argued that the nature of language inherently influences and limits our attempts to understand the nature of reality-that our claims about what exists are, in fact, merely a reflection of how we happen to speak or think. The Language of Ontology collects chapters from established participants in the debate alongside new voices, to explore the range of issues relating to our ability or inability to get beyond the limits of our language.
Author: J. T. M. Miller Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192648535 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
Metaphysical and ontological debates, concerning what exists and the nature of reality, are perennial features of the philosophical landscape. However, some have argued that ontological debates are non-substantive, pointless, trivial, incoherent, or impossible. Debates about whether tables exist, for example, or about the nature of reality, are taken to be in some way deficient. This has led to a burgeoning literature studying the nature of metaphysical and ontological disputes themselves. One major debate within this context concerns the language of ontology. The central question is whether the nature of language influences or limits our ability to engage productively in ontological disputes. While we typically think that our language describes the world, or at least can accurately describe the world, there have been many who have argued that the nature of language inherently influences and limits our attempts to understand the nature of reality-that our claims about what exists are, in fact, merely a reflection of how we happen to speak or think. The Language of Ontology collects chapters from established participants in the debate alongside new voices, to explore the range of issues relating to our ability or inability to get beyond the limits of our language.
Author: Christopher J. Hall Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108482538 Category : Foreign Language Study Languages : en Pages : 403
Book Description
A critical examination of the ways in which English is conceptualised for learning, teaching, and assessment in a range of domains, from both social and cognitive perspectives. Researchers and postgraduates working on English in L1 and L2 educational contexts will find it valuable for research and collaboration.
Author: Philipp Cimiano Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031021541 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 158
Book Description
For humans, understanding a natural language sentence or discourse is so effortless that we hardly ever think about it. For machines, however, the task of interpreting natural language, especially grasping meaning beyond the literal content, has proven extremely difficult and requires a large amount of background knowledge. This book focuses on the interpretation of natural language with respect to specific domain knowledge captured in ontologies. The main contribution is an approach that puts ontologies at the center of the interpretation process. This means that ontologies not only provide a formalization of domain knowledge necessary for interpretation but also support and guide the construction of meaning representations. We start with an introduction to ontologies and demonstrate how linguistic information can be attached to them by means of the ontology lexicon model lemon. These lexica then serve as basis for the automatic generation of grammars, which we use to compositionally construct meaning representations that conform with the vocabulary of an underlying ontology. As a result, the level of representational granularity is not driven by language but by the semantic distinctions made in the underlying ontology and thus by distinctions that are relevant in the context of a particular domain. We highlight some of the challenges involved in the construction of ontology-based meaning representations, and show how ontologies can be exploited for ambiguity resolution and the interpretation of temporal expressions. Finally, we present a question answering system that combines all tools and techniques introduced throughout the book in a real-world application, and sketch how the presented approach can scale to larger, multi-domain scenarios in the context of the Semantic Web. Table of Contents: List of Figures / Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Ontologies / Linguistic Formalisms / Ontology Lexica / Grammar Generation / Putting Everything Together / Ontological Reasoning for Ambiguity Resolution / Temporal Interpretation / Ontology-Based Interpretation for Question Answering / Conclusion / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies
Author: J. T. M. Miller Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192895338 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 229
Book Description
"Metaphysical and ontological debates - debates about what exists and the nature of reality - have long been among the most discussed topics in philosophy. However, some argue that ontological debates are non-substantive, pointless, trivial, incoherent, or impossible. Debates about whether tables exist, or about the nature of reality, are taken to be defective in some way. This has led to a burgeoning literature studying the nature of metaphysical and ontological disputes themselves. A prominent line of argument in that literature has focused on questions concerning the language in which metaphysical disputes are conducted. Is there a 'fundamental' or 'best' language for ontology, or does the nature of language render metaphysical and ontological disputes non-substantive? This volume brings together new work from established and emerging authors on a range of questions relating to the relationship between language and ontology. More specifically, essays in this volume consider, amongst others, the following topics: whether there can be an 'objectively best' or privileged language of ontology; how we might compare languages to see which language is the language of ontology; whether positing an 'objectively best' language is required of a substantive realist metaphysics; whether metaphysical debates are meaningless; the role of existence and truth in ontological theorising; whether metaphysical claims should be interpreted as attempts to express truths about the nature of reality; and the relationship between natural language and theoretical metaphysics. Collectively, these essays advance a range of debates in metametaphysics and metaontology, and will be an invaluable resource for students and academics interested in the relationship between metaphysics and language"--
Author: Robert Arp Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 026232959X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 245
Book Description
An introduction to the field of applied ontology with examples derived particularly from biomedicine, covering theoretical components, design practices, and practical applications. In the era of “big data,” science is increasingly information driven, and the potential for computers to store, manage, and integrate massive amounts of data has given rise to such new disciplinary fields as biomedical informatics. Applied ontology offers a strategy for the organization of scientific information in computer-tractable form, drawing on concepts not only from computer and information science but also from linguistics, logic, and philosophy. This book provides an introduction to the field of applied ontology that is of particular relevance to biomedicine, covering theoretical components of ontologies, best practices for ontology design, and examples of biomedical ontologies in use. After defining an ontology as a representation of the types of entities in a given domain, the book distinguishes between different kinds of ontologies and taxonomies, and shows how applied ontology draws on more traditional ideas from metaphysics. It presents the core features of the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), now used by over one hundred ontology projects around the world, and offers examples of domain ontologies that utilize BFO. The book also describes Web Ontology Language (OWL), a common framework for Semantic Web technologies. Throughout, the book provides concrete recommendations for the design and construction of domain ontologies.
Author: Lee W. Lacy Publisher: Trafford Publishing ISBN: 1412034485 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
Learn how to make your content accessible on the Semantic Web by marking it up using the Web Ontology Language - OWL. OWL is the new way to represent information on the Web. This book provides context about the Semantic Web and describes each of OWL's language constructs.
Author: Sean Braune Publisher: punctum books ISBN: 0998531863 Category : Literary Criticism Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
"What we call "Being" infects us and speaks through us - it treats us as a host to a linguistic and experiential parasite. Ontology - the study of Being - has primarily dealt with human questions regarding Being at the expense of the non-human, inhuman, and posthuman. Language Parasites works against this tendency by offering a "phorontology": a theory of Being inspired by "phoronts," which are tiny organisms that engage in parasitic migration (lice, mites, ticks, fleas, etc.). What is the Being of a parasite and how can that complicated non-human ontology influence human definitions of Being? Gradually, the anthropocentric distinction of subject and object fades away in favor of the emergence of a strange new philosophical entity called the transject, a being that is thrown far afield from the more normative notions of the subject that can be found in Hegel, Kant, Lacan, or even Foucault, Nietzsche, and Deleuze. A 'pataphysical excursion into the intricate world of philosophical ontology, Language Parasites presents the initial discoveries of a much larger project that seeks to redefine the boundaries of Being. This book is the result of a parasitic infection of continental philosophy in which the various parasites of German and French philosophy all meet at one locale for one express purpose: to eat together, feed together, and think together."--Back cover.
Author: Francesco Berto Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 1472573307 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
Ontology and Metaontology: A Contemporary Guide is a clear and accessible survey of ontology, focusing on the most recent trends in the discipline. Divided into parts, the first half characterizes metaontology: the discourse on the methodology of ontological inquiry, covering the main concepts, tools, and methods of the discipline, exploring the notions of being and existence, ontological commitment, paraphrase strategies, fictionalist strategies, and other metaontological questions. The second half considers a series of case studies, introducing and familiarizing the reader with concrete examples of the latest research in the field. The basic sub-fields of ontology are covered here via an accessible and captivating exposition: events, properties, universals, abstract objects, possible worlds, material beings, mereology, fictional objects. The guide's modular structure allows for a flexible approach to the subject, making it suitable for both undergraduates and postgraduates looking to better understand and apply the exciting developments and debates taking place in ontology today.
Author: J. T. M. Miller
Author: J. T. M. Miller
Author: Christopher J. Hall
Author: Philipp Cimiano
Author: Sergei Nirenburg
Author: Chu-ren Huang
Author: J. T. M. Miller
Author: Robert Arp
Author: Lee W. Lacy
Author: Sean Braune
Author: Francesco Berto