The Labor Supply for Lower-level Occupations PDF Download

Author:
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289315717
Category : Arbejdsløshedsforsikring
Languages : da
Pages : 145

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Book Description
En sammenlignende undersøgelse af hvordan arbejdsløshedsforsikringerne for lavtuddannet arbejdskraft siden 1990 har ændret sig i de nordiske lande i takt med ændrede arbejdsmarkeder

Author: Mark Sanders
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 9781781959039
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 272

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Book Description
The position of low skilled workers in the labor market has deteriorated significantly over the past three decades. What has caused this deterioration in low skilled labor demand and what can explain the different labor market responses throughout the OECD? Mark Sanders addresses these questions and evaluates proposed policies to improve upon the present situation and prevent further deterioration in the future. The author develops a theoretical framework that produces two hypotheses to explain the shift in relative demand as well as the different ways in which this shift has manifested itself. The framework is then extended by introducing unemployment, and additional hypotheses are proposed to explain the main EU-US differences. The dynamics thus uncovered yield somewhat unorthodox policy implications on income-, labor market and technology policies in Europe and the US. This comprehensive book will appeal to both scholars and academics, while graduate and PhD-students looking for an accessible introduction to modeling the dynamics of technical change and its interactions with the labor market will find it of great interest.

Author: Mr.Alun H. Thomas
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451954522
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 22

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Book Description
The paper explains how a country can fall into a “low-skill, bad-job trap,” in which workers acquire insufficient training and firms provide insufficient skilled vacancies. In particular, the paper argues that in countries where a large proportion of the workforce is unskilled, firms have little incentive to provide good jobs (requiring high skills and providing high wages), and if few good jobs are available, workers have little incentive to acquire skills. In this context, the paper examines the need and effectiveness of training policy, and provides a possible explanation for why western countries have responded so differently to the broad-based shift in labor demand from unskilled to skilled labor.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309444454
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 643

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The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.

Author: Harold Wool
Publisher: Greenwood
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 428

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Book Description
Monograph on the labour supply for menial occupations in the USA - reviews past and makes projections concerning future sources of labour force for lower-level jobs, analyses the relationship between labour supply and wages in such unskilled worker jobs, and presents case studies of unskilled jobs. Bibliography pp. 372 to 382, diagram, references and statistical tables.

Author: D. Meulders
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230524079
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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Book Description
Low-paid employment is a key issue for labour market policy. The essays in this book, focusing on European countries, provide new empirical evidence regarding the impact of minimum wages on employment, earnings mobility among low-paid workers, job satisfaction across the earnings distribution, unemployment traps, the demand for low-skilled workers, and the existence of monopsonistic competition.

Author: Nan L. Maxwell
Publisher: W.E. Upjohn Institute
ISBN: 0880992980
Category : Labor market
Languages : en
Pages : 206

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Book Description
Uses recent data from the San Francisco's Bay Area Longitudinal Survey (BALS) to evaluate characteristics of recruiting and screening methods, skill requirements in entry-level jobs, and promotional opportunities concerning jobs available to workers with little formal education or work experience. Finds that low-skilled jobs do require skills in English, mathematics, problem-solving and communication, often relatively high physical and mechanical abilities, and that firms carry increased wages and offer promotional opportunities. Provides details about the skill assessment and job duties.

Author: Richard B. Freeman
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610442202
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 345

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Book Description
The American economy is in danger of leaving its low-skilled workers behind. In the last two decades, the wages and employment levels of the least educated and experienced workers have fallen disastrously. Where willing workers once found ready employment at reasonable wages, our computerized, service-oriented economy demands workers who can read and write, master technology, deal with customers, and much else. Improved education and training will alleviate this problem in the long run, but educating the new workforce will take a substantial national investment over many years. In the meantime, we face increasingly acute questions about how to include low-skill workers in today's economy. Generating Jobs takes a hard look at these questions, and asks whether anything can be done to improve the lot of low-skilled workers by intervening in the labor market on their behalf. These micro demand-side policies seek to improve wages and employment levels—either by lowering the costs of hiring low-skilled workers through employer subsidies, or by raising wage levels, benefit levels, or hours of employment, or by providing employment via government jobs. Although these policies are not currently popular in the U.S., they have long been used in many countries. Generating Jobs provides a clear-eyed assessment of this history, and asks if any of these policies might be applicable to the current problems of low-skilled workers in the United States. The results are surprising. Several recently touted panaceas turn out to be costly and ineffective in the American labor market. Enterprise zones, for instance, are an expensive way of moving jobs into areas of high unemployment, costing as much as $60,000 per job. Similarly, job-sharing, which has had uneven success in Europe, turns out to be ill-suited to conditions in the U.S., where wages are relatively low and workers need to work long hours to maintain income. On the other hand, a number of older, less flashy policies turn out to have real, if modest, benefits. Wage subsidies have increased employment among qualifying workers, and public employment policies can increase the number of workers from targeted groups working during the program. While acknowledging that many solutions are counterproductive, this definitive review of active labor market policies shows that many programs can offer real help. More than any rhetoric, Generating Jobs is the best guide to future action and a serious response to those who claim that nothing can be done.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309440068
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 259

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Book Description
Skilled technical occupationsâ€"defined as occupations that require a high level of knowledge in a technical domain but do not require a bachelor's degree for entryâ€"are a key component of the U.S. economy. In response to globalization and advances in science and technology, American firms are demanding workers with greater proficiency in literacy and numeracy, as well as strong interpersonal, technical, and problem-solving skills. However, employer surveys and industry and government reports have raised concerns that the nation may not have an adequate supply of skilled technical workers to achieve its competitiveness and economic growth objectives. In response to the broader need for policy information and advice, Building America's Skilled Technical Workforce examines the coverage, effectiveness, flexibility, and coordination of the policies and various programs that prepare Americans for skilled technical jobs. This report provides action-oriented recommendations for improving the American system of technical education, training, and certification.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789289334327
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Book Description
Abstract: The labour supply of low-skilled - incentives in the unemployment insurance systems. A comparative description based on Nordic countriesIn this report we describe and discuss the changing character of unemployment insurance (UI) systems in the Nordic countries in relation to the changing labour market situation of low skilled adults, from around 1990 and onwards. The focus is on how different characteristics of the national UI systems - and particularly the changes in these systems - may have affected the labour market position of low skilled by affecting their work incentives. This report has two main purposes: First, to construct a descriptive empirical basis for a discussion regarding the relationship between the design of the unemployment benefit system and the labour market performance of low-skilled compared to higher-skilled workers. The second purpose is to lay the foundation for a more systematic econometric analysis regarding the influence of the unemployment insurance systems on the labour market performance of low skilled - compared to high skilled workers in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland