Author: Kevin C. de Berg
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030273164
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 106
Book Description
This Brief presents an historical investigation into the reaction between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions, which has been viewed in different ways throughout the last two centuries. Historically, the reaction was used in chemical analysis and to highlight the nature of chemical reactions, the laws of chemistry, models and theories of chemistry, chemical nomenclature, mathematics and data analysis, and instrumentation, which are important ingredients of what one might call the nature of chemistry. Using the history of the iron(III) thiocyanate reaction as a basis, the book’s main objective is to explore how chemistry develops its own knowledge base; how it assesses the reliability of that base; and how some important tools of the trade have been brought to bear on a chemical reaction to achieve understanding, a worthwhile goal of any historical investigation.
The Iron(III) Thiocyanate Reaction
Author: Kevin C. de Berg
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030273164
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 106
Book Description
This Brief presents an historical investigation into the reaction between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions, which has been viewed in different ways throughout the last two centuries. Historically, the reaction was used in chemical analysis and to highlight the nature of chemical reactions, the laws of chemistry, models and theories of chemistry, chemical nomenclature, mathematics and data analysis, and instrumentation, which are important ingredients of what one might call the nature of chemistry. Using the history of the iron(III) thiocyanate reaction as a basis, the book’s main objective is to explore how chemistry develops its own knowledge base; how it assesses the reliability of that base; and how some important tools of the trade have been brought to bear on a chemical reaction to achieve understanding, a worthwhile goal of any historical investigation.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030273164
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 106
Book Description
This Brief presents an historical investigation into the reaction between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions, which has been viewed in different ways throughout the last two centuries. Historically, the reaction was used in chemical analysis and to highlight the nature of chemical reactions, the laws of chemistry, models and theories of chemistry, chemical nomenclature, mathematics and data analysis, and instrumentation, which are important ingredients of what one might call the nature of chemistry. Using the history of the iron(III) thiocyanate reaction as a basis, the book’s main objective is to explore how chemistry develops its own knowledge base; how it assesses the reliability of that base; and how some important tools of the trade have been brought to bear on a chemical reaction to achieve understanding, a worthwhile goal of any historical investigation.
Chemistry of Iron
Author: J. Silver
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401121400
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
Book Description
This book is designed to be of use to the reader in two different ways. First, it is intended to provide a general introduction to all aspects of iron chemistry for readers from a variety of different scientific backgrounds. It has been written at a level suitable for use by graduates and advanced undergraduates in chemistry and biochemistry, and graduates in physics, geology, materials science, metallurgy and biology. It is not designed to be a dictionary of iron compounds but rather to provide each user with the necessary tools and background to pursue their ,individual interests in the wide areas that are influenced by the chemistry of iron. To achieve this goal each chapter has been written by a contemporary expert active in the subject so that the reader will benefit from their individual insight. Although it is generally assumed that the reader will have an understanding of bonding theories and general chemistry, the book is well referenced so that any deficiencies in the reader's background can be addressed. The book was also designed as a general reference book for initial pointers into a scientific literature that is growing steadily as the understanding and uses of this astonishingly versatile element continue to develop. To meet this aim the book attempts some coverage of all aspects of the chemistry of iron, not only outlining what understanding has been achieved to date but also identifying targets to be aimed at in the future.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401121400
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
Book Description
This book is designed to be of use to the reader in two different ways. First, it is intended to provide a general introduction to all aspects of iron chemistry for readers from a variety of different scientific backgrounds. It has been written at a level suitable for use by graduates and advanced undergraduates in chemistry and biochemistry, and graduates in physics, geology, materials science, metallurgy and biology. It is not designed to be a dictionary of iron compounds but rather to provide each user with the necessary tools and background to pursue their ,individual interests in the wide areas that are influenced by the chemistry of iron. To achieve this goal each chapter has been written by a contemporary expert active in the subject so that the reader will benefit from their individual insight. Although it is generally assumed that the reader will have an understanding of bonding theories and general chemistry, the book is well referenced so that any deficiencies in the reader's background can be addressed. The book was also designed as a general reference book for initial pointers into a scientific literature that is growing steadily as the understanding and uses of this astonishingly versatile element continue to develop. To meet this aim the book attempts some coverage of all aspects of the chemistry of iron, not only outlining what understanding has been achieved to date but also identifying targets to be aimed at in the future.
Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis
Author: Z. Marczenko
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080541089
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 526
Book Description
Spectrophotometry enables one to determine, with good precision and sensitivity, almost all the elements present in small and trace quantities of any material. The method is particularly useful in the determination of non-metals and allows the determination elements in a large range of concentrations (from single % to low ppm levels) in various materials.In Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis, much attention has been paid to separation and preconcentration methods, since they play an essential role in increasing the selectivity and sensitivity of spectrophotometric methods. Separation and preconcentration methods have also been utilised in other determination techniques.Spectrophotometric methods which are widely used for the determination of the elements in a large variety of inorganic materials are presented in the book whilst separation and preconcentration procedures combined with spectrophotometry are also described. This book contains recent advances in spectrophotometry, detailed discussion of the instrumentation, and the techniques and reagents used for spectrophotometric determination of elements in a wide range of materials as well as a detailed discussion of separation and preconcentration procedures that precede the spectrophotometric detection.
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080541089
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 526
Book Description
Spectrophotometry enables one to determine, with good precision and sensitivity, almost all the elements present in small and trace quantities of any material. The method is particularly useful in the determination of non-metals and allows the determination elements in a large range of concentrations (from single % to low ppm levels) in various materials.In Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis, much attention has been paid to separation and preconcentration methods, since they play an essential role in increasing the selectivity and sensitivity of spectrophotometric methods. Separation and preconcentration methods have also been utilised in other determination techniques.Spectrophotometric methods which are widely used for the determination of the elements in a large variety of inorganic materials are presented in the book whilst separation and preconcentration procedures combined with spectrophotometry are also described. This book contains recent advances in spectrophotometry, detailed discussion of the instrumentation, and the techniques and reagents used for spectrophotometric determination of elements in a wide range of materials as well as a detailed discussion of separation and preconcentration procedures that precede the spectrophotometric detection.
Chemistry in the Laboratory
Author: James M. Postma
Publisher: Macmillan
ISBN: 9780716796060
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 628
Book Description
This clearly written, class-tested manual has long given students hands-on experience covering all the essential topics in general chemistry. Stand alone experiments provide all the background introduction necessary to work with any general chemistry text. This revised edition offers new experiments and expanded information on applications to real world situations.
Publisher: Macmillan
ISBN: 9780716796060
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 628
Book Description
This clearly written, class-tested manual has long given students hands-on experience covering all the essential topics in general chemistry. Stand alone experiments provide all the background introduction necessary to work with any general chemistry text. This revised edition offers new experiments and expanded information on applications to real world situations.
Microscale Chemistry
Author: John Skinner
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1870343492
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
Developing microscale chemistry experiments, using small quantities of chemicals and simple equipment, has been a recent initiative in the UK. Microscale chemistry experiments have several advantages over conventional experiments: They use small quantities of chemicals and simple equipment which reduces costs; The disposal of chemicals is easier due to the small quantities; Safety hazards are often reduced and many experiments can be done quickly; Using plastic apparatus means glassware breakages are minimised; Practical work is possible outside a laboratory. Microscale Chemistry is a book of such experiments designed for use in schools and colleges, and the ideas behind the experiments in it come from many sources, including chemistry teachers from all around the world. Current trends indicate that with the likelihood of further environmental legislation, the need for microscale chemistry teaching techniques and experiments is likely to grow. This book should serve as a guide in this process.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1870343492
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 216
Book Description
Developing microscale chemistry experiments, using small quantities of chemicals and simple equipment, has been a recent initiative in the UK. Microscale chemistry experiments have several advantages over conventional experiments: They use small quantities of chemicals and simple equipment which reduces costs; The disposal of chemicals is easier due to the small quantities; Safety hazards are often reduced and many experiments can be done quickly; Using plastic apparatus means glassware breakages are minimised; Practical work is possible outside a laboratory. Microscale Chemistry is a book of such experiments designed for use in schools and colleges, and the ideas behind the experiments in it come from many sources, including chemistry teachers from all around the world. Current trends indicate that with the likelihood of further environmental legislation, the need for microscale chemistry teaching techniques and experiments is likely to grow. This book should serve as a guide in this process.
Practical Data Analysis in Chemistry
Author: Marcel Maeder
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080548830
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 341
Book Description
The majority of modern instruments are computerised and provide incredible amounts of data. Methods that take advantage of the flood of data are now available; importantly they do not emulate 'graph paper analyses' on the computer. Modern computational methods are able to give us insights into data, but analysis or data fitting in chemistry requires the quantitative understanding of chemical processes. The results of this analysis allows the modelling and prediction of processes under new conditions, therefore saving on extensive experimentation. Practical Data Analysis in Chemistry exemplifies every aspect of theory applicable to data analysis using a short program in a Matlab or Excel spreadsheet, enabling the reader to study the programs, play with them and observe what happens. Suitable data are generated for each example in short routines, this ensuring a clear understanding of the data structure. Chapter 2 includes a brief introduction to matrix algebra and its implementation in Matlab and Excel while Chapter 3 covers the theory required for the modelling of chemical processes. This is followed by an introduction to linear and non-linear least-squares fitting, each demonstrated with typical applications. Finally Chapter 5 comprises a collection of several methods for model-free data analyses.* Includes a solid introduction to the simulation of equilibrium processes and the simulation of complex kinetic processes.* Provides examples of routines that are easily adapted to the processes investigated by the reader* 'Model-based' analysis (linear and non-linear regression) and 'model-free' analysis are covered
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080548830
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 341
Book Description
The majority of modern instruments are computerised and provide incredible amounts of data. Methods that take advantage of the flood of data are now available; importantly they do not emulate 'graph paper analyses' on the computer. Modern computational methods are able to give us insights into data, but analysis or data fitting in chemistry requires the quantitative understanding of chemical processes. The results of this analysis allows the modelling and prediction of processes under new conditions, therefore saving on extensive experimentation. Practical Data Analysis in Chemistry exemplifies every aspect of theory applicable to data analysis using a short program in a Matlab or Excel spreadsheet, enabling the reader to study the programs, play with them and observe what happens. Suitable data are generated for each example in short routines, this ensuring a clear understanding of the data structure. Chapter 2 includes a brief introduction to matrix algebra and its implementation in Matlab and Excel while Chapter 3 covers the theory required for the modelling of chemical processes. This is followed by an introduction to linear and non-linear least-squares fitting, each demonstrated with typical applications. Finally Chapter 5 comprises a collection of several methods for model-free data analyses.* Includes a solid introduction to the simulation of equilibrium processes and the simulation of complex kinetic processes.* Provides examples of routines that are easily adapted to the processes investigated by the reader* 'Model-based' analysis (linear and non-linear regression) and 'model-free' analysis are covered
The Donor-Acceptor Approach to Molecular Interactions
Author: Viktor Gutmann
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781461588276
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 279
Book Description
Recent developments in various areas of chemistry have been decisively influenced by the principles of structure and mechanism and by the ideas of coordination chemistry, in particular by the donor-acceptor approach, A unified view of almost all kinds of molecular forces is provided by quantum mechanics, and for practical purposes have been classified according to model assumptions, namely, dispersion, polarization, electrostatic, and short-range forces. The latter are divided into two- and three-center covalent chemical bonds, metallic bonds, and exchange-repulsion forces. This approach allows statements of principle and systematic analysis. However, quantitative predictions on concrete large systems are virtually impossible, and there are no general rules that account for structural and chemical changes due to intermolecular interactions. Chemists are therefore left with qualitative descriptions in which the changes in electron densities are considered. Such models as the MO theory or the resonance concept unrealistically assume that the nuclei remain in fixed positions. Further difficulties are encountered in the attempted description on the "nature" of the chemical bond, e.g., the forces involved. In order to avoid these difficulties an extension of the donor-acceptor concept, characterized by the comparison between equilibrium structures in different molecular environments, will be presented in this book. In this way, changes in the positions of the nuclei can be taken into account and the question of the nature of the molecular forces is no longer important.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781461588276
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 279
Book Description
Recent developments in various areas of chemistry have been decisively influenced by the principles of structure and mechanism and by the ideas of coordination chemistry, in particular by the donor-acceptor approach, A unified view of almost all kinds of molecular forces is provided by quantum mechanics, and for practical purposes have been classified according to model assumptions, namely, dispersion, polarization, electrostatic, and short-range forces. The latter are divided into two- and three-center covalent chemical bonds, metallic bonds, and exchange-repulsion forces. This approach allows statements of principle and systematic analysis. However, quantitative predictions on concrete large systems are virtually impossible, and there are no general rules that account for structural and chemical changes due to intermolecular interactions. Chemists are therefore left with qualitative descriptions in which the changes in electron densities are considered. Such models as the MO theory or the resonance concept unrealistically assume that the nuclei remain in fixed positions. Further difficulties are encountered in the attempted description on the "nature" of the chemical bond, e.g., the forces involved. In order to avoid these difficulties an extension of the donor-acceptor concept, characterized by the comparison between equilibrium structures in different molecular environments, will be presented in this book. In this way, changes in the positions of the nuclei can be taken into account and the question of the nature of the molecular forces is no longer important.
Guided Inquiry Experiments for General Chemistry
Author: Nancy K. Kerner
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471698423
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Book Description
The use of the laboratory is a valuable tool in developing a deeper understanding of key chemical concepts from the experimental process. This lab manual encourages scientific thinking, enabling readers to conduct investigations in chemistry. It shows how to think about the processes they are investigating rather than simply performing a laboratory experiment to the specifications set by the manual. Each experiment begins with a problem scenario and ends with questions requiring feedback on the problem.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471698423
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Book Description
The use of the laboratory is a valuable tool in developing a deeper understanding of key chemical concepts from the experimental process. This lab manual encourages scientific thinking, enabling readers to conduct investigations in chemistry. It shows how to think about the processes they are investigating rather than simply performing a laboratory experiment to the specifications set by the manual. Each experiment begins with a problem scenario and ends with questions requiring feedback on the problem.
Handbook of Water Analysis
Author: Leo M.L. Nollet
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849384868
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 948
Book Description
This work details water sampling and preservation methods by enumerating the different ways to measure physical, chemical, organoleptical, and radiological characteristics. It provides step-by-step descriptions of separation, residue determination, and cleanup techniques for a variety of fresh- and salt-waters. It also discusses information regarding the analysis and detection of bacteria and algae.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849384868
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 948
Book Description
This work details water sampling and preservation methods by enumerating the different ways to measure physical, chemical, organoleptical, and radiological characteristics. It provides step-by-step descriptions of separation, residue determination, and cleanup techniques for a variety of fresh- and salt-waters. It also discusses information regarding the analysis and detection of bacteria and algae.
Annual Reports in Inorganic and General Syntheses-1973
Author: Kurt Niedenzu
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483213889
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 333
Book Description
Annual Reports in Inorganic and General Syntheses-1973 presents an organized annual summary of synthetic developments in inorganic chemistry and its related areas. The book covers the synthetic aspects and structural or mechanistic features of elements, including the main group hydrides, alkali and alkaline earth elements, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, chalcogens, halogens and pseudohalogens, and noble gases. The text also discusses the synthetic aspects and structural or mechanistic features of elements of yttrium, scandium, lanthanides, and actinides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, cobalt, and nickel. The chemistry of ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, and mercury is also encompassed. The book concludes by describing the synthesis and structures of metalloporphyrins. Chemists, chemistry students, and people working in chemical laboratories will find the book invaluable.
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483213889
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 333
Book Description
Annual Reports in Inorganic and General Syntheses-1973 presents an organized annual summary of synthetic developments in inorganic chemistry and its related areas. The book covers the synthetic aspects and structural or mechanistic features of elements, including the main group hydrides, alkali and alkaline earth elements, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, chalcogens, halogens and pseudohalogens, and noble gases. The text also discusses the synthetic aspects and structural or mechanistic features of elements of yttrium, scandium, lanthanides, and actinides, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, cobalt, and nickel. The chemistry of ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, and mercury is also encompassed. The book concludes by describing the synthesis and structures of metalloporphyrins. Chemists, chemistry students, and people working in chemical laboratories will find the book invaluable.