The Interaction of Motion Signals PDF Download

Author: Donald Patrick Gallogly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Motion perception (Vision)
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Author: Johannes M. Zanker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642565506
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424

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Book Description
In six parts, this book considers the extent to which computational, neural, and ecological constraints have shaped the mechanisms underlying motion vision: - Early Motion Vision - Motion Signals for Local and Global Analysis - Optical Flow Patterns - Motion Vision in Action - Neural Coding of Motion - Motion in Natural Environments Each topic is introduced by a keynote chapter which is accompanied by several companion articles. Written by an international group of experts in neurobiology, psychophysics, animal behaviour, machine vision, and robotics, the book is designed to explore as comprehensively as possible the present state of knowledge concerning the principal factors that have guided the evolution of motion vision.

Author: Eyal Izhak Nitzany
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 276

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Book Description
Extraction of local motion signals is crucial for our survival. Lack of information from local motion signals will significantly reduce our ability to discriminate objects from background, avoid obstacles, and navigate. Despite the apparent effortlessness with which we perceive visual motion, there are indications that the underlying neural computations are complex. Three kinds of local motion signals have been distinguished, based on the kinds of spatiotemporal correlations that generate them: Fourier (F), based on 2-point correlations [1]; non-Fourier (NF), based on 4-point correlations [2]; and glider (G), based on 3-point correlations [3]. G signals have two subtypes, expansion and contraction, associated with objects that are looming and receding, respectively. Detection of isolated G and NF signals cannot be mediated by a purely multiplicative cross-correlator or a purely quadratic motion energy model. G signals have recently attracted substantial attention, following the demonstration that a wide range of species (human [3], macaque [4, 5], zebrafish [6], dragonfly [5], and fruitfly [7]) respond to them in similar ways suggesting that there are advantages to using these signals in visual tasks. This work expands the above lines of research in several respects. First, our computational work shows that these motion signals appear in natural scenes and characterizes the basic statistical relationships between them [8]. Second, we report neurophysiological recordings in two distinct visual-speciaist species (macaques and dragonflies) that demonstrate that at the neuronal level, cells response in a similar manner to motion signals in many respects, although there are subtle differences in responses between the species. This convergence at the algorithmic and neural-implementation levels indicate the fundamental biological importance of using the many kinds of motion signals to guide behavior. Finally, we carried out a psychophysical experiment to probe human ability to use multiple kinds of local motion signals simultaneously to solve simple directional task. We found that humans can combine different kinds of motion signals to solve this task, and, interestingly, that sensitivity to different kinds of motion signals is context-dependent.

Author: George Mather
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262133432
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Book Description
Motion perception lies at the heart of the scientific study of vision. The motion aftereffect (MAE) is the appearance of directional movement in a stationary object or scene after the viewer has been exposed to viusal motion in the opposite direction. For example, after one has looked at a waterfall for a period of time, the scene beside the waterfall may appear to move upward when one's gaze is transfered to it. Although the phenomenon seems simple, research has revealed copmlexities in the underlying mechanisms, and offered general lessons about how the brain processes visual information. In the 1990s alone, more than 200 papers have been published on MAE, largely inspired by improved techniques for examining brain electrophysiology and by emerging new theories of motion perception.

Author: Micah M. Murray
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439812179
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 800

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Book Description
It has become accepted in the neuroscience community that perception and performance are quintessentially multisensory by nature. Using the full palette of modern brain imaging and neuroscience methods, The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes details current understanding in the neural bases for these phenomena as studied across species, stages of development, and clinical statuses. Organized thematically into nine sub-sections, the book is a collection of contributions by leading scientists in the field. Chapters build generally from basic to applied, allowing readers to ascertain how fundamental science informs the clinical and applied sciences. Topics discussed include: Anatomy, essential for understanding the neural substrates of multisensory processing Neurophysiological bases and how multisensory stimuli can dramatically change the encoding processes for sensory information Combinatorial principles and modeling, focusing on efforts to gain a better mechanistic handle on multisensory operations and their network dynamics Development and plasticity Clinical manifestations and how perception and action are affected by altered sensory experience Attention and spatial representations The last sections of the book focus on naturalistic multisensory processes in three separate contexts: motion signals, multisensory contributions to the perception and generation of communication signals, and how the perception of flavor is generated. The text provides a solid introduction for newcomers and a strong overview of the current state of the field for experts.

Author: Eunice Jingmei Tan
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 283251832X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Author: Takeo Watanabe
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262231954
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 438

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Book Description
The contributors to this book focus on such key aspects of motion processing as interaction and integration between locally measured motion units, structure from motion, heading in an optical flow, and second-order motion. They also discuss the interaction of motion processing with other high-level visual functions such as surface representation and attention.

Author: Paul A. Kolers
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483186946
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 235

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Book Description
International Series of Monographs in Experimental Psychology, Volume 16: Aspects of Motion Perception details the fundamental concepts of the visual system perception of motion. The text first details the various findings about illusory and veridical motions along with the theories conceptualized from those findings. Next, the selection covers the research that studies the reliability and validity of the theories about motion perception. The book also discusses the importance of two-component model of motion perception. The last chapter covers the characteristics of the status of perceptual experiences. The book will be of great use to behavioral scientists and biologists. Ophthalmologists will also benefit from the text.

Author: Brian A. Wandell
Publisher: Sinauer Associates, Incorporated
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 508

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Book Description
Designed for students, scientists and engineers interested in learning about the core ideas of vision science, this volume brings together the broad range of data and theory accumulated in this field.

Author: Peter J. Kohler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180

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Book Description
The ability to correctly determine the position of objects in space is fundamental to any visual system. For an animal to successfully engage with a dynamic and complex spatial environment it must be able to encode not only the identity of the objects in a visual scene, but also where those objects are. In the human visual system, multiple regions are organized in topographic maps, where locations on cortex have direct correspondence with locations in the visual field. In principle, the position of an object could simply be encoded by the location of the neural activity in one or more of these cortical maps. The task turns out not to be so simple, however, because motion signals can cause the perceived position of stationary objects to deviate from their actual position in the world. A wide variety of these illusory motion-induced position shifts have been demonstrated over the years, beginning with a demonstration by Fröhlich (1923) that the starting position of a moving object appears to be shifted along its trajectory. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the stage in visual processing at which the interaction between motion and position encoding takes place, as well as the implications of this interaction for position encoding in general. To do this, we combined a version of the motion-induced position shift known as the flash grab effect (Anstis & Cavanagh, 2012; Anstis & Cavanagh, in press), with a bistable stimulus in which global motion percepts deviate from local motion signals measured at the moving edge. Specifically, we used psychophysics and functional neuroimaging (fMRI) to (a) measure the influence of local and global motion on motion-induced position shifts, (b) investigate the effects of local and global motion on position over time, and (c) identify regions in visual cortex that are responsible for coding perceived rather than physical position. Our psychophysical results demonstrate that both local and global motion influence motion-induce position shifts. This suggests that motion signals arising at both early and late stages in visual processing make independent contributions to these effects. Surprisingly, our fMRI data show that primary visual cortex encodes shifts in perceived position. Taken together, these studies present strong evidence for a multi-stage model of the interaction between motion and perceived position, and suggest that perceived position is encoded as early as primary visual cortex.