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Author: Larisa Jo Bishop-Boros Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bats Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
Understanding the influence of weather on reproductive events is critical for documenting population demographics and developing appropriate conservation and management strategies. Variations in timing of parturition may be due to changes in the ambient weather which affect the available insect prey density and time reproductive bats must spend torpid. Capture data from 6,767 bats representing 12 species from 28 counties and 360 sites, were used to examine the influence of precipitation, temperature, and latitude on reproduction of bats in Missouri. Although both cool springs and heavy spring precipitation delayed the onset of each reproductive condition, temperature had a greater influence on reproductive timing. Contrary to predictions, high spring precipitation increased reproductive rate and increased synchrony in dates of pregnancy. Differences in onset of reproduction between northern and southern Missouri were not significant, although capture of juveniles ended sooner in northern Missouri. There was a difference in peak nightly activity among bats of different reproductive conditions for all species except Indiana bats, which had a later interspecific activity peak. Red bats had a female biased juvenile sex ratio especially early season, northern bats and gray bats were male biased. Five species had adult male biased sex ratios. Lactating female big brown bats have a lower mass in years with cooler springs. The inevitable escalation of climatic extremes may cause Midwestern bat species to experience environmental stressors in different ways. These data provide regional managers with better tools to address seasonal Indiana bat survey guidelines and potentially inform seasonal mitigation of wind energy facilities based on annual weather variation.
Author: Larisa Jo Bishop-Boros Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bats Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
Understanding the influence of weather on reproductive events is critical for documenting population demographics and developing appropriate conservation and management strategies. Variations in timing of parturition may be due to changes in the ambient weather which affect the available insect prey density and time reproductive bats must spend torpid. Capture data from 6,767 bats representing 12 species from 28 counties and 360 sites, were used to examine the influence of precipitation, temperature, and latitude on reproduction of bats in Missouri. Although both cool springs and heavy spring precipitation delayed the onset of each reproductive condition, temperature had a greater influence on reproductive timing. Contrary to predictions, high spring precipitation increased reproductive rate and increased synchrony in dates of pregnancy. Differences in onset of reproduction between northern and southern Missouri were not significant, although capture of juveniles ended sooner in northern Missouri. There was a difference in peak nightly activity among bats of different reproductive conditions for all species except Indiana bats, which had a later interspecific activity peak. Red bats had a female biased juvenile sex ratio especially early season, northern bats and gray bats were male biased. Five species had adult male biased sex ratios. Lactating female big brown bats have a lower mass in years with cooler springs. The inevitable escalation of climatic extremes may cause Midwestern bat species to experience environmental stressors in different ways. These data provide regional managers with better tools to address seasonal Indiana bat survey guidelines and potentially inform seasonal mitigation of wind energy facilities based on annual weather variation.
Author: Jonathan David Reichard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 478
Book Description
Abstract: Bats exhibit diverse morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits that promote survival and reproduction by allowing the exploitation of suitable habitats, optimization of energy and water economy, and responses to environmental conditions. In Texas, the Brazilian free-tailed bat ( Tadarida brasiliensis) forms large colonies during warm months of the year and engages in impressive foraging and migratory flights. They are challenged by intraspecific competition for food and shelter and by high energetic costs of locomotion and thermoregulation during flight. I used standard field methods and advanced technologies to investigate group dynamics, thermoregulation, dietary energetics, and migratory behavior in this species. I show that during the active season, colony-wide onset of nightly activity was highly correlated with sunset, but was influenced by seasonal and daily variation in local weather conditions. Moreover, daily emergence times varied according to age and reproductive conditions; pregnant females emerged later than lactating bats and weaned v juveniles emerged earlier than adults, indicating that colony composition, energetic demands and predator avoidance strategies influenced nightly activity. I used thermal infrared cameras to estimate heat loss from free-ranging bats, and found that bat wings are unlikely to dissipate large amounts of heat generated as a byproduct of flight. However, T. brasiliensis experienced net cooling during flight, suggesting heat conservation should be important during migration and nightly foraging. I described a previously undocumented thermal window, or "radiator," in T. brasiliensis , a trait that appears to be present only in the chiropteran family Molossidae. I suggest this "radiator" is an adaptation that facilitates thermoregulation during prolonged flights. By analyzing stable isotopes in hair, I documented partial migration by T. brasiliensis in Texas and established baseline isotopic relationships that are important for connecting Brazilian free-tailed bats at winter roosts to their summer ranges. Finally, I described how interaction between prey consumption and energetic costs of flight affects nightly activity and, in turn leads to redistribution of nutrients and energy to native landscapes and caves. With this research, I have integrated novel and traditional methodologies to make new discoveries about Brazilian free-tailed bat physiology and ecology that enhance the rich scientific record of this well-studied species.
Author: Joshua David Parris Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bats Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
The arrival of white-nose syndrome (WNS) has stimulated interest in winter bat activity. Data from a bat activity study in southern Missouri indicated winter gray bat (Myotis grisescens) activity above expected levels. Study objectives were to assess gray bat winter activity including investigating winter feeding, the need for water, whether winter activity occurs at caves and foraging areas, whether gray bats are more active relative to other species, and the effect of climate variables. Acoustic monitoring occurred over three winters at areas in Laclede, Shannon, and Washington counties Missouri, and captures occurred during the 2012-13 winter at Coffin Cave in Laclede County and Bat Cave in Shannon County. I collected temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure data at Coffin Cave and Bat Cave during 2012-13. Gray bats were captured on 24 of 26 attempts, at temperatures as low as -1.7oC. Of 350 bats captured, three provided a feeding fecal sample during mid-winter. Urinating was recorded in >50% of gray bats. Those at Coffin Cave, with available water, urinated earlier than at Bat Cave, with no available water. Acoustic data indicated that gray bats were active all winter at caves and foraging areas and at higher proportions than expected based on cave populations. Activity at Bat Cave correlated with inside humidity and outside temperature, while activity at Coffin Cave did not correlate with climate variables. Activity at Bat Cave was higher than at Coffin Cave. Water needs appear to drive activity.
Author: Christian C. Voigt Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319252208 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 601
Book Description
This book focuses on central themes related to the conservation of bats. It details their response to land-use change and management practices, intensified urbanization and roost disturbance and loss. Increasing interactions between humans and bats as a result of hunting, disease relationships, occupation of human dwellings, and conflict over fruit crops are explored in depth. Finally, contributors highlight the roles that taxonomy, conservation networks and conservation psychology have to play in conserving this imperilled but vital taxon. With over 1300 species, bats are the second largest order of mammals, yet as the Anthropocene dawns, bat populations around the world are in decline. Greater understanding of the anthropogenic drivers of this decline and exploration of possible mitigation measures are urgently needed if we are to retain global bat diversity in the coming decades. This book brings together teams of international experts to provide a global review of current understanding and recommend directions for future research and mitigation.
Author: Janelle Lee Lemen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bats Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
In recent years, prescribed fire has become a widely accepted management tool to restore and maintain healthy forests. The effects of prescribed fire on bats are not fully understood and impacts vary depending on species life history and habitat requirements. This study was conducted to further the understanding of how bat communities, with emphasis on federally protected species, may be affected by the fire management plan within the Ozark National Scenic Riverways (ONSR), located in south central Missouri. Anabat II bat detectors were used to passively sample bat presence or probable absence within four habitat types between burned and unburned areas (n=214). Standardized mist-net surveys were also conducted to physically documents presence of bat species identified by acoustic analysis. General linear models were used to evaluate how bat species and phonic groups were using habitats and how prescribed fire may influence habitat preferences. I hypothesized that smaller bodied bats that produce echolocation signatures with higher minimum frequencies will be found in more structurally complex habitats; whereas, larger bodied bats with echolocation signatures with lower minimum frequencies will be found in more open, less cluttered, habitats. I also hypothesized that species presence and activity will vary among habitats. Tri-colored bat activity levels were affected by habitat type. No significant differences between habitats or burn treatments were found for any of the other species or species groups. Data suggest a possible negative relationship between mean activity levels for some species and burned bottomland forests. Results from this study can provide information that can be utilized in the fire management planning activities and other park actions relevant to managing important bat habitat features.
Author: Sybill K. Amelon Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bats Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Conservation of bat populations requires understanding the associations between bats and their use of resources. We used maximum likelihood to estimate probability of site occupancy using acoustic data for ten species of bats. We evaluated a priori hypotheses for both probability of detection and site occupancy using AIC. Time, temperature, moisture, vegetative clutter, and date influenced detection probability. Response to spatial scale varied by species. Habitat, patch, and landscape characteristics influenced site occupancy and varied among species. We evaluated use of resource utilization functions (RUFs) to assess habitat and landscape factors affecting foraging resource use by red bats, Lasiurus borealis. Highest foraging use was associated with open deciduous forest on ridges and upland drainages in areas close to non-forest edge and relatively high road density. Resource selection was variable among individuals, geographic location and stage of lactation. Management strategies that provide a range of composition and structural diversity will favor foraging use by L. borealis.
Author: Larisa Jo Bishop-Boros
Author: Larisa Jo Bishop-Boros
Author: Justin Boyles
Author: Jonathan David Reichard
Author: Northwest Missouri State University
Author: Richard K. LaVal
Author: Joshua David Parris
Author: Christian C. Voigt
Author: Roger William Barbour
Author: Janelle Lee Lemen
Author: Sybill K. Amelon