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Author: Shulin Shi Publisher: Open Dissertation Press ISBN: 9781361031230 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
This dissertation, "The Influence of Public Open Space Enclosure on Health: an Environmental, Psychological, and Behavioral Study Based on Public Housing Estates in Hong Kong" by Shulin, Shi, 史舒琳, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Many scholars have identified enclosure as important in both interior and exterior space configuration. Enclosures are even more important in public open space design within a context of urbanization and densely developed cities. However, only a limited number of spatial identifies have been specified and studied, and studies on the topic have rarely been pragmatic. Under such circumstances, spatial identities and their relationship with enclosure should be elaborated. An integral and objective way to measure and estimate enclosure of a certain space based on these identities is needed. In addition, the effects of enclosure on users have not received sufficient attention and need systematically exploration. Health outcomes are on the specific focus in the current study. Based on previous studies, 18 measurable spatial indicators related to enclosure are selected for further study. Using factor analysis on a sample size of 116 open spaces within or near public housing estates in Hong Kong, 11 of these 18 indicators are identified as being crucial for spatial enclosure. Four principal factors (i.e., scale, H/D relationship, gap, and shape) cover 80.94% of the information on the 11 indicators. Based on Cronbach's alpha, these factors are proven reliable. The enclosures are further estimated based on the 11 indicators and coefficients using factor analysis. With a subset of 26 spaces, the estimated enclosure is proven as valid and reliable after examination of Cronbach's alpha by 200 untrained (without architecture-related professional training) and 63 trained (with architecture-related professional training) subjects. Major spatial indicators of enclosure are further studied for detecting potential health-related influence on subjects. Methods of questionnaire survey, quasi-experimental questionnaire survey, and observation are employed. The examined three aspects of health outcomes are physical, psychological and social. Based on 178 untrained and 63 trained valid samples in questionnaire survey, statistic correlation between spatial enclosure and health outcomes are identified, although still general and insufficient in explaining the exact relationship between them. Specifically, brighter, larger, more coherent, mysterious or legible space may be more inspiring for feeling or behavior that leads to positive health outcomes, whereas complexity does not seem to be correlated with the three categories of health feedback. With a sample of 109 college students, a quasi-experimental questionnaire survey confirms that perceived spatial enclosure and feelings can be influenced by spatial identities of scale of space, height, width and density of enclosing materials. Such results further confirm and elaborate the influence of enclosure on mental health. According to observations in 7 out of the 26 spaces, certain enclosure characteristics, such as foliage and overhead shelters, scale of immediate space and its visual extension, together with relationship between target space and its surrounding environment, are likely related with the emotions and behaviors of users. Thus, the effects of enclosure on the physical and social health of users are likely to be true. Although this study and its generalization have many limitations, it achieves two major goals and proposes several design implications for la
Author: Shulin Shi Publisher: Open Dissertation Press ISBN: 9781361031230 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
This dissertation, "The Influence of Public Open Space Enclosure on Health: an Environmental, Psychological, and Behavioral Study Based on Public Housing Estates in Hong Kong" by Shulin, Shi, 史舒琳, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Many scholars have identified enclosure as important in both interior and exterior space configuration. Enclosures are even more important in public open space design within a context of urbanization and densely developed cities. However, only a limited number of spatial identifies have been specified and studied, and studies on the topic have rarely been pragmatic. Under such circumstances, spatial identities and their relationship with enclosure should be elaborated. An integral and objective way to measure and estimate enclosure of a certain space based on these identities is needed. In addition, the effects of enclosure on users have not received sufficient attention and need systematically exploration. Health outcomes are on the specific focus in the current study. Based on previous studies, 18 measurable spatial indicators related to enclosure are selected for further study. Using factor analysis on a sample size of 116 open spaces within or near public housing estates in Hong Kong, 11 of these 18 indicators are identified as being crucial for spatial enclosure. Four principal factors (i.e., scale, H/D relationship, gap, and shape) cover 80.94% of the information on the 11 indicators. Based on Cronbach's alpha, these factors are proven reliable. The enclosures are further estimated based on the 11 indicators and coefficients using factor analysis. With a subset of 26 spaces, the estimated enclosure is proven as valid and reliable after examination of Cronbach's alpha by 200 untrained (without architecture-related professional training) and 63 trained (with architecture-related professional training) subjects. Major spatial indicators of enclosure are further studied for detecting potential health-related influence on subjects. Methods of questionnaire survey, quasi-experimental questionnaire survey, and observation are employed. The examined three aspects of health outcomes are physical, psychological and social. Based on 178 untrained and 63 trained valid samples in questionnaire survey, statistic correlation between spatial enclosure and health outcomes are identified, although still general and insufficient in explaining the exact relationship between them. Specifically, brighter, larger, more coherent, mysterious or legible space may be more inspiring for feeling or behavior that leads to positive health outcomes, whereas complexity does not seem to be correlated with the three categories of health feedback. With a sample of 109 college students, a quasi-experimental questionnaire survey confirms that perceived spatial enclosure and feelings can be influenced by spatial identities of scale of space, height, width and density of enclosing materials. Such results further confirm and elaborate the influence of enclosure on mental health. According to observations in 7 out of the 26 spaces, certain enclosure characteristics, such as foliage and overhead shelters, scale of immediate space and its visual extension, together with relationship between target space and its surrounding environment, are likely related with the emotions and behaviors of users. Thus, the effects of enclosure on the physical and social health of users are likely to be true. Although this study and its generalization have many limitations, it achieves two major goals and proposes several design implications for la
Author: Yuan Li Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 283255024X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
An important aspect of sustainable and regenerative urban development is to improve collective well-being standards. The United Nations endorsed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015, which establishes seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, protect the planet, and improve the lives and prospects of everyone and everywhere by 2030. Urban Green Spaces have a significant impact on the living condition and public health, which are closely associated with several SDGs including good health and well-being (SDG 3), clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), industry, innovation, and infrastructure (SDG 9), and sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11). Here, the concept of One Health gains high relevance by recognizing that interconnections among humans, animals, and environment is a key issue in public health and wellbeing, that stimulates interdisciplinary collaborations to develop a more holistic understanding and effective action against public health threats.
Author: Charles L. Marohn, Jr. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119564816 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
A new way forward for sustainable quality of life in cities of all sizes Strong Towns: A Bottom-Up Revolution to Build American Prosperity is a book of forward-thinking ideas that breaks with modern wisdom to present a new vision of urban development in the United States. Presenting the foundational ideas of the Strong Towns movement he co-founded, Charles Marohn explains why cities of all sizes continue to struggle to meet their basic needs, and reveals the new paradigm that can solve this longstanding problem. Inside, you’ll learn why inducing growth and development has been the conventional response to urban financial struggles—and why it just doesn’t work. New development and high-risk investing don’t generate enough wealth to support itself, and cities continue to struggle. Read this book to find out how cities large and small can focus on bottom-up investments to minimize risk and maximize their ability to strengthen the community financially and improve citizens’ quality of life. Develop in-depth knowledge of the underlying logic behind the “traditional” search for never-ending urban growth Learn practical solutions for ameliorating financial struggles through low-risk investment and a grassroots focus Gain insights and tools that can stop the vicious cycle of budget shortfalls and unexpected downturns Become a part of the Strong Towns revolution by shifting the focus away from top-down growth toward rebuilding American prosperity Strong Towns acknowledges that there is a problem with the American approach to growth and shows community leaders a new way forward. The Strong Towns response is a revolution in how we assemble the places we live.
Author: Winifred Curran Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351859307 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
While global urban development increasingly takes on the mantle of sustainability and "green urbanism," both the ecological and equity impacts of these developments are often overlooked. One result is what has been called environmental gentrification, a process in which environmental improvements lead to increased property values and the displacement of long-term residents. The specter of environmental gentrification is now at the forefront of urban debates about how to accomplish environmental improvements without massive displacement. In this context, the editors of this volume identified a strategy called "just green enough" based on field work in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, that uncouples environmental cleanup from high-end residential and commercial development. A "just green enough" strategy focuses explicitly on social justice and environmental goals as defined by local communities, those people who have been most negatively affected by environmental disamenities, with the goal of keeping them in place to enjoy any environmental improvements. It is not about short-changing communities, but about challenging the veneer of green that accompanies many projects with questionable ecological and social justice impacts, and looking for alternative, sometimes surprising, forms of greening such as creating green spaces and ecological regeneration within protected industrial zones. Just Green Enough is a theoretically rigorous, practical, global, and accessible volume exploring, through varied case studies, the complexities of environmental improvement in an era of gentrification as global urban policy. It is ideal for use as a textbook at both undergraduate and graduate levels in urban planning, urban studies, urban geography, and sustainability programs.
Author: Mariana Mogilevich Publisher: U of Minnesota Press ISBN: 1452963932 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 317
Book Description
The interplay of psychology, design, and politics in experiments with urban open space As suburbanization, racial conflict, and the consequences of urban renewal threatened New York City with “urban crisis,” the administration of Mayor John V. Lindsay (1966–1973) experimented with a broad array of projects in open spaces to affirm the value of city life. Mariana Mogilevich provides a fascinating history of a watershed moment when designers, government administrators, and residents sought to remake the city in the image of a diverse, free, and democratic society. New pedestrian malls, residential plazas, playgrounds in vacant lots, and parks on postindustrial waterfronts promised everyday spaces for play, social interaction, and participation in the life of the city. Whereas designers had long created urban spaces for a broad amorphous public, Mogilevich demonstrates how political pressures and the influence of the psychological sciences led them to a new conception of public space that included diverse publics and encouraged individual flourishing. Drawing on extensive archival research, site work, interviews, and the analysis of film and photographs, The Invention of Public Space considers familiar figures, such as William H. Whyte and Jane Jacobs, in a new light and foregrounds the important work of landscape architects Paul Friedberg and Lawrence Halprin and the architects of New York City’s Urban Design Group. The Invention of Public Space brings together psychology, politics, and design to uncover a critical moment of transformation in our understanding of city life and reveals the emergence of a concept of public space that remains today a powerful, if unrealized, aspiration.
Author: James A. LaGro, Jr. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118416260 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 387
Book Description
The process-oriented guide to context-sensitive site selection, planning, and design Sustainable design is responsive to context. And each site has a unique set of physical, biological, cultural, and legal attributes that presents different opportunities and constraints for alternative uses of the site. Site analysis systematically evaluates these on-site and off-site factors to inform the design of places including neighborhoods and communities that are attractive, walkable, and climate-resilient. This Third Edition of Site Analysis is fully updated to cover the latest topics in low-impact, location-efficient design and development. This complete, user-friendly guide: Blends theory andpractice from the fields of landscape architecture, urban planning, architecture, geography, and urban design Addresses important sustainability topics, including LEED-ND, Sustainable Sites, STAR community index, and climate adaptation Details the objectives and visualization methods used in each phase of the site planning and design process Explains the influence of codes, ordinances, and site plan approval processes on the design of the built environment Includes more than 200 illustrations and eight case studies of projects completed by leading planning and design firms Site Analysis, Third Edition is the ideal guide for students taking courses in site analysis, site planning, and environmental design. New material includes review questions at the end of each chapter for students as well as early-career professionals preparing for the ARE, LARE, or AICP exams.
Author: Asma Mehan Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 3111035646 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 214
Book Description
The Affective Agency of Public Space explores the pivotal role that public spaces play in fostering social inclusion and community cohesion within various settings, including Europe and the United States. This scholarly work underscores the critical importance of developing inclusive public zones that enhance urban life and promote integration and interaction among diverse community groups. It also confronts and debunks common myths about ‘different people,’ actively addressing misconceptions while promoting the recognition of diverse identities and voices. Through a comparative lens, the book presents insightful case studies that illustrate its core themes. Serving as a timely and important academic resource, this text is indispensable for urban planners, educators, architects, designers, and sociologists committed to progressive urban planning methodologies.
Author: Shulin Shi
Author: Shulin Shi
Author: 
Author: Yuan Li
Author: Charles L. Marohn, Jr.
Author: Hutt Valley District Health Board. Regional Public Health
Author: Winifred Curran
Author: Mariana Mogilevich
Author: James A. LaGro, Jr.
Author: Linchuan Yang
Author: Asma Mehan