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Author: Katherine Smith Publisher: ISBN: 9780355967500 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The volatility of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the dark ozonolysis of [alpha]-pinene in a flow tube at temperatures ranging from 275 to 298 K has been characterized by thermally induced evaporation. The SOA was heated from the formation temperature (T[subscript f]) in a thermodenuder and the temperature-dependent volume loss was measured. The resulting thermograms for the SOA formed at the different temperatures were nearly identical when considered as a function of [delta]T (= T – T[subscript f]), rather than absolute temperature. A kinetic model of aerosol evaporation was used to derive T[subscript f]-specific effective volatility distributions for the SOA. The derived distributions indicate SOA formed at lower temperatures is composed of compounds having higher effective volatilities compared to that formed at higher temperatures. However, the increased abundance of compounds having higher effective volatilities at lower T[subscript f] cannot be explained solely due to increased partitioning into the particle phase due to a decrease in vapor pressures. Instead, much of the dependence on T[subscript f] likely results from T-dependent changes in the fraction of the particles that is monomers versus dimers (or higher order oligomers). The relatively short formation time (
Author: Katherine Smith Publisher: ISBN: 9780355967500 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The volatility of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the dark ozonolysis of [alpha]-pinene in a flow tube at temperatures ranging from 275 to 298 K has been characterized by thermally induced evaporation. The SOA was heated from the formation temperature (T[subscript f]) in a thermodenuder and the temperature-dependent volume loss was measured. The resulting thermograms for the SOA formed at the different temperatures were nearly identical when considered as a function of [delta]T (= T – T[subscript f]), rather than absolute temperature. A kinetic model of aerosol evaporation was used to derive T[subscript f]-specific effective volatility distributions for the SOA. The derived distributions indicate SOA formed at lower temperatures is composed of compounds having higher effective volatilities compared to that formed at higher temperatures. However, the increased abundance of compounds having higher effective volatilities at lower T[subscript f] cannot be explained solely due to increased partitioning into the particle phase due to a decrease in vapor pressures. Instead, much of the dependence on T[subscript f] likely results from T-dependent changes in the fraction of the particles that is monomers versus dimers (or higher order oligomers). The relatively short formation time (
Author: Mary Elizabeth Kacarab Publisher: ISBN: 9781369088045 Category : Aerosols Languages : en Pages : 131
Book Description
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is formed via the oxidation of volatile organic compounds emitted to the atmosphere from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Due to the complexity of atmospheric composition and range of ambient conditions, aerosol models, which are mostly based off observed yields from controlled laboratory chamber experiments, greatly underestimate global SOA formation. To increase the understanding of the formation and properties of ambient SOA, it is imperative to explore ways to improve the complexity of chamber studies while still maintaining a level of control not found outside of the laboratory.
Author: Lijie Li Publisher: ISBN: 9781369092509 Category : Air Languages : en Pages : 274
Book Description
Understanding secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is of critical importance to public health and global climate. SOA formation from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is influenced by NO, precursor molecular structure, oxidation conditions and other factors. This dissertation explores the impact of NO effect and molecular structure for two categories of VOCs at urban atmosphere relevant conditions by utilizing the state of art 90 m3 UCR/CE-CERT chamber facilities.
Author: Dongyu Wang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the atmosphere leads to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which can have extensive impacts on air quality, health, and climate. Existing air quality models used to describe the fate of ambient organic aerosol tend to underpredict the aerosol oxidation state. In addition, modeled concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NO [subscript x]) and other reactive nitrogen compounds (NO [subscript y]), including alkyl nitrates, often deviate from field observations. Certain SOA formation pathways, SOA ageing mechanisms, and alkyl nitrate decay mechanisms may be missing. Recent field studies show that NO [subscript x]-mediated heterogeneous production of nitryl chloride, ClNO2, could provide a ubiquitous source for chlorine atoms. Little is known about the role of chlorine atoms in SOA formation and ageing, or their interaction with other anthropogenic emissions found in polluted environments, where alkane oxidation chemistry is important. Environmental chamber experiments are carried out to address knowledge gaps in atmospheric chlorine and alkane oxidation chemistry. Results show that chlorine-initiated oxidation of isoprene leads to SOA formation, organic chloride formation, and possibly secondary HO [subscript x] chemistry. Alkane-derived alkyl nitrate compounds are found not to hydrolyze appreciably in humid environments or in the presence of acidic aerosol. Uptake of inorganic nitrate and inorganic chloride are observed in the presence of deliquescent particles. Chlorine-initiated oxidation of linear alkanes is shown to result in prompt SOA formation and delayed organic chloride formation, which is enabled by the addition of chlorine radical to dihydrofuran, a heterogeneously produced multi-generational oxidation product. Improvements are made for the detection of organic chloride using aerosol mass spectrometry, and for aerosol volatility measurements using temperature programmed thermal desorption techniques. A two-dimensional thermogram framework is developed to visualize aerosol composition, aerosol volatility, and thermal fragmentation simultaneously
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Organic material constitutes about 50% of global atmospheric aerosol mass, and the dominant source of organic aerosol is the oxidation of volatile hydrocarbons, to produce secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Understanding the formation of SOA is crucial to predicting present and future climate effects of atmospheric aerosols. The goal of this program is to significantly increase our understanding of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere. Ambient measurements indicate that the amount of SOA in the atmosphere exceeds that predicted in current models based on existing laboratory chamber data. This would suggest that either the SOA yields measured in laboratory chambers are understated or that all major organic precursors have not been identified. In this research program we are systematically exploring these possibilities.
Author: András Gelencsér Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402028873 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 357
Book Description
The concept of carbonaceous aerosol has only recently emerged from atmospheric pollution studies; even standard nomenclature and terminology are still unsettled. This monograph is the first to offer comprehensive coverage of the nature and atmospheric role of carbonaceous aerosol particles. Atmospheric chemists, physicists, meteorologists, and modellers will find this a thought-inspiring and sometimes provocative overview of all global phenomena affected by or related to carbonaceous aerosol.
Author: Andebo Abesha Waza Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783659647727 Category : Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing the world in the 21st century. Human activities, like combustion of fossil fuel result in emissions of different radiation-modifying substances like aerosol particles and greenhouse gases that have a profound influence on our climate system through either by warming or cooling earth's surface. Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are an important component of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) released by vegetation during mechanical damage, herbivory attack, pathogen infection and abiotic stress. They play a major role in contributing to the formation of secondary organic aerosol particles in atmosphere. The main objective of this book was to examine the formation of secondary organic aerosol particles from ozonolysis of various GLVs (trans-2-hexenal, cis-3-hexenol and 3-hexynyl acetate) by using series of chamber experiments performed in humid conditions ( 50% RH).
Author: Katherine Smith
Author: Katherine Smith
Author: Mary Elizabeth Kacarab
Author: Lijie Li
Author: Dongyu Wang
Author: Linyu Gao
Author: 
Author: Stephen D'Andrea
Author: Emma Louise D'Ambro
Author: András Gelencsér
Author: Andebo Abesha Waza