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The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit and Social Policy Reforms on Work, Marriage, and Living Arrangements

The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit and Social Policy Reforms on Work, Marriage, and Living Arrangements PDF Author: David T. Ellwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Book Description
This article examines the impact of the recent dramatic changes in the social policies, particularly the expansion of the EITC and Welfare reform on labor supply, marriage, and cohabitation. Altered policies have increased incentives to work or marry for some, diminished incentives for others. The results strongly indicate expanded work by single mothers and reductions of work by married mothers in accordance with their changed incentives. By contrast, estimated impacts on marriage are small and ambiguous, though modest changes in cohabitation in the predicted direction suggest that impact on family structure might become more apparent in the future.

The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit and Social Policy Reforms on Work, Marriage, and Living Arrangements

The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit and Social Policy Reforms on Work, Marriage, and Living Arrangements PDF Author: David T. Ellwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Book Description
This article examines the impact of the recent dramatic changes in the social policies, particularly the expansion of the EITC and Welfare reform on labor supply, marriage, and cohabitation. Altered policies have increased incentives to work or marry for some, diminished incentives for others. The results strongly indicate expanded work by single mothers and reductions of work by married mothers in accordance with their changed incentives. By contrast, estimated impacts on marriage are small and ambiguous, though modest changes in cohabitation in the predicted direction suggest that impact on family structure might become more apparent in the future.

Making Work Pay

Making Work Pay PDF Author: Bruce D. Meyer
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN: 1610443942
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 413

Book Description
Since its inception under President Ford in 1975, the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) has become the largest antipoverty program for the non-elderly in the United States. In 1998, more than nineteen million families received EITC payments, and the program lifted over four million Americans above the poverty line. Despite the rapid growth of the EITC throughout the 1990s, little has been written about how the program works or how it affects low-income families. Making Work Pay provides the first full-scale examination of the EITC, exploring its effects on income distribution, poverty, work, and marriage. Making Work Pay opens with a history of the EITC—its emergence in the 1970s as a pro-work, low-cost antipoverty program and its expansion through the 1980s and 1990s. The central chapters in the volume look at the substantial impact of the EITC on work incentives in recent years and show that the program, in combination with welfare reform and a strong economy, has led to an unprecedented increase in the employment of single mothers. In one study, researchers conclude that the EITC—with its stipulation that one family member be a wage earner—was the most important change in work incentives for single mothers between 1984 and 1996, a period when the employment rate of single mothers rose sharply. Several chapters outline proposals for reforming the program, addressing the concerns by policymakers about the work disincentives that rise as benefits fall with increasing income. Finally, Making Work Pay examines how EITC recipients view the credit and what they do with it once they get it. The contributors find that not only does EITC's lump-sum payment increase consumption but it also allows recipients to make changes in economic status. Many families use the end-of-the-year payment as a form of forced savings, enabling them to save for home improvement, a new car, or other purchases to improve their lives, and providing the extra economic cushion needed to move beyond mere day-to-day survival. Comprehensive in scope, Making Work Pay is an indispensable resource for policymakers, administrators, and researchers seeking to understand the ramifications of the country's largest programs for aiding the working poor.

It's Not Like I'm Poor

It's Not Like I'm Poor PDF Author: Sarah Halpern-Meekin
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520959221
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 299

Book Description
The world of welfare has changed radically. As the poor trade welfare checks for low-wage jobs, their low earnings qualify them for a hefty check come tax time—a combination of the earned income tax credit and other refunds. For many working parents this one check is like hitting the lottery, offering several months’ wages as well as the hope of investing in a better future. Drawing on interviews with 115 families, the authors look at how parents plan to use this annual cash windfall to build up savings, go back to school, and send their kids to college. However, these dreams of upward mobility are often dashed by the difficulty of trying to get by on meager wages. In accessible and engaging prose, It’s Not Like I’m Poor examines the costs and benefits of the new work-based safety net, suggesting ways to augment its strengths so that more of the working poor can realize the promise of a middle-class life.

The Earned Income Tax Credit and the Labor Supply of Married Couples

The Earned Income Tax Credit and the Labor Supply of Married Couples PDF Author: Nada Eissa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earned income tax credit
Languages : en
Pages : 72

Book Description
Over 18 million taxpayers are projected to receive the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in tax year 1997, at a total cost to the federal government of about 25 billion dollars. The EITC is refundable, so that any amount of the credit exceeding the family's tax liability is returned in the form of a cash refund. Advocates of the credit argue that this redistribution occurs with much less distortion to labor supply than that caused by other elements of the welfare system. This popular view that the credit is unlikely to hold among married couples. Theory suggests that primary earners (typically men) would increase labor force participation, but secondary earners would reduce their labor supply in response to an EITC. We study the labor supply response of married couples to several EITC expansions between 1984 and 1996. While our primary interest is the response to changes in the budget set induced by the EITC, our estimation strategy takes account of budget set changes caused by federal tax policy, and by cross-sectional variation in wages, income, and family size. We use both quasi-experimental and reduced form labor supply models to estimate the impact of EITC induced tax changes. The results suggest that EITC expansions between 1984 and 1996 increased married men's labor force participation only slightly but reduced married women's labor force participation by over a full percentage point. Overall, the evidence suggests that family labor supply and pre-tax family earnings fell among married couples. Our results imply that the EITC is effectively subsidizing married mothers to stay at home, and therefore have implications for the design of the program.

Helping Working Families

Helping Working Families PDF Author: Saul D. Hoffman
Publisher: W.E. Upjohn Institute
ISBN: 0880992549
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 247

Book Description
Gives an overview of the EITC and makes recommendations for changes.

Federal Tax Policies and Low-Income Rural Households

Federal Tax Policies and Low-Income Rural Households PDF Author: Ron Durst
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437985564
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 27

Book Description
Analyzes the increasing use of refundable tax credits targeted to low- and moderate-income households in the Federal individual income tax and determines their implications for rural America. The analysis matches a zip code approximation of the 2006 Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes with IRS Individual Income Tax zip code and related data. These data are then used to examine the impact of the recent expansions to income tax credit programs on affected households. Expansions to both the refundable and non-refundable portions of the Earned Income and Child Tax credits have provided a major source of income support for low-income workers, especially in the South, where the rural poor are concentrated. Illus. A print on demand report.

Welfare Reform and Its Long-Term Consequences for America's Poor

Welfare Reform and Its Long-Term Consequences for America's Poor PDF Author: James P. Ziliak
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521764254
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 385

Book Description
Leading poverty experts address the longer-term effects of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act.

Tax Credits for the Working Poor

Tax Credits for the Working Poor PDF Author: Michelle Lyon Drumbl
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108415059
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 235

Book Description
Analyzes the effectiveness of the earned income tax credit in the United States and offers suggestions for how it can be improved.

Advance Earned Income Tax Credit

Advance Earned Income Tax Credit PDF Author: United States. Internal Revenue Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earned income tax credit
Languages : en
Pages : 2

Book Description


Internal Revenue Cumulative Bulletin

Internal Revenue Cumulative Bulletin PDF Author: United States. Internal Revenue Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Tax administration and procedure
Languages : en
Pages : 820

Book Description