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Author: Bohani Hlungwane Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The subject of international trade is as old as the human race. Countries have always needed goods they were unable to produce either because of lack of resources, lack of skills or just cost related constraints. On the other hand, countries have at one time or the other been able to produce more goods and services than they can consume. This situation led to people buying goods and services across national boundaries. As long as people have inhabited the earth, they have been engaging in some form of trading. As the world evolved through civilisation, countries continued to exchange goods and services across borders. Goods and services can be exchanged for a price between two countries, a few countries in a region, countries in a continent and even all countries in the world. The world multilateral trading system celebrated 60 years in operation in 2006. By this time over 55% of world trade was happening through Regional Trade Agreements with the European Union leading the way. Over 70% of trade in the European Union happens within the region. In the meanwhile, the South African Development Community (SADC) only conducts about 9% of its total trade within the region. Against this background, SADC agreed to a Trade Protocol in 2000 with the objective of deepening regional economic integration. Amongst the objectives of the SADC Trade Protocol was to increase levels of exports and imports within SADC. This study looks at the impact of these regional economic integration efforts on intra-SADC trade. The study examines if the SADC intra-regional trade behaves in a consistent manner with economic theory, global trade trends and other regional formations of economic integration.
Author: Bohani Hlungwane Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The subject of international trade is as old as the human race. Countries have always needed goods they were unable to produce either because of lack of resources, lack of skills or just cost related constraints. On the other hand, countries have at one time or the other been able to produce more goods and services than they can consume. This situation led to people buying goods and services across national boundaries. As long as people have inhabited the earth, they have been engaging in some form of trading. As the world evolved through civilisation, countries continued to exchange goods and services across borders. Goods and services can be exchanged for a price between two countries, a few countries in a region, countries in a continent and even all countries in the world. The world multilateral trading system celebrated 60 years in operation in 2006. By this time over 55% of world trade was happening through Regional Trade Agreements with the European Union leading the way. Over 70% of trade in the European Union happens within the region. In the meanwhile, the South African Development Community (SADC) only conducts about 9% of its total trade within the region. Against this background, SADC agreed to a Trade Protocol in 2000 with the objective of deepening regional economic integration. Amongst the objectives of the SADC Trade Protocol was to increase levels of exports and imports within SADC. This study looks at the impact of these regional economic integration efforts on intra-SADC trade. The study examines if the SADC intra-regional trade behaves in a consistent manner with economic theory, global trade trends and other regional formations of economic integration.
Author: Johannes Muntschick Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319453300 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 382
Book Description
This book explores regionalism in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and highlights the influence of the European Union (EU) as an extra-regional actor on the organization and integration process. The analysis is guided by theory and explains the emergence, institutional design and performance of SADC’s major integration projects in the issue areas of the economy, security and infrastructure. It provides in this way a profound assessment of the organization as a whole. The study shows that South Africa plays a regional key role as driver for integration while external influence of the EU is ambivalent in character because it unfolds a supportive or obstructive impact. The author argues that the EU gains influence over regional integration processes in the SADC on the basis of patterns of asymmetric interdependence and becomes a ‘game-changer’ insofar as it facilitates or impedes solutions to regional cooperation problems.
Author: David Evans Publisher: Sapes Books ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 92
Book Description
In this book the Authors argue that, the economies of Southern Africa are small and generally underdeveloped. The countries in SADC must therefore join together to streghthen themselves economically and politically if the region is to become a serious player in international relations.
Author: Stefan Ulrich Hegner Publisher: diplom.de ISBN: 3832409254 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The SADC Protocol on Trade lays the foundation for the planned free trade area in the SADC region. Its ratification is expected in the near future and therefore the question arises in how far the creation of the free trade area will affect the patterns of intraregional trade. After an examination of the framework of preferential and free trade agreements in the region this study employs a customised methodology based on Viner's theory of customs unions in order to identify those areas of trade that will be affected by trade creation or trade diversion effects. I have examined the trade creation and trade diversion potential of the most relevant goods for each of the twelve SADC countries, resolved to a 2 digit HS code level. These results were then put into relation to the overall macroeconomic situation in each country. There were a number of data problems that make the findings of this study less meaningful. However, to some extent this report can be seen as a best possible approximation and as a starting point for further and more detailed research. The overall findings can be summed up as follows: · South Africa is not going to be the only winner from the free trade area and especially its textile and clothing sector might suffer as a result. · There are virtually no trade creation and trade diversion effects to be expected for the BLNS countries but there is a good possibility of additional exports. Therefore, they are likely to profit the most. · Angola and Mozambique will probably experience the strongest trade creation and trade diversion effects. This will be triggered mainly by free trade with South Africa and the fact that their industrial base is very weak and has just started recovering. Zusammenfassung: Das SADC Handelsprotokoll ist die Grundlage für die geplante Freihandelszone in der SADC Region und wird voraussichtlich in Kürze ratifiziert. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, inwieweit sich die Schaffung dieser Freihandelszone auf den Handel innerhalb der Region auswirken wird. Nach einer Untersuchung der Handelsabkommen innerhalb der Region wird eine Methodik verwendet, die auf Viners Theorie der Zollunionen basiert, um jene Bereiche des regionalen Handels zu identifizieren, die von handelsschaffenden und handelsumlenkenden Effekten betroffen werden. Ich habe das Potential für handelsschaffende und handelsumlenkende Effekte der wichtigsten Güter, aufgeschlüsselt nach zweistelligen HS Codes, für alle [...]
Author: Alberto Behar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
Do Southern African Development Community countries trade enough with each other and with the rest of the world? Although its share of world trade has fallen, appropriate benchmarking shows that, controlling for gross domestic product and other characteristics, Southern African Development Community countries have experienced an increase in openness that is comparable to other developing countries. Once market size and geography are taken into account, trade between Southern African Development Community countries is actually high. Southern African Development Community countries also trade more products with each other than they do with the rest of the world. In this sense, and contrary to stylized fears, the Southern African Development Community region is quite integrated. Although the Southern African Development Community has reduced its tariffs, the structure remains complex and could be lowered on intermediates. Other impediments make it costly and difficult to move goods, but are at levels that are comparable with countries at similar levels of development. Although this may be surprising, there is still scope for improvement and the disadvantageous geography of the Southern African Development Community makes it important for other trade impediments to be reduced.
Author: Padamja Khandelwal Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND ISBN: 9781451875447 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 43
Book Description
Regional integration has been seen in Africa as a means of encouraging trade and securing economies of scale. This paper examines in detail the prospects and challenges for trade expansion in the two most prominent arrangements in eastern and southern Africa: the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It finds that possibilities of growth in intraregional trade may be limited, but that the two arrangements offer opportunities for member countries to gain policy credibility for trade reforms and tariff liberalization and to address structural weaknesses. In this regard, the negotiation of the Economic Partnership Agreements with the European Union can also have a significant impact.
Author: Souleymane Coulibaly Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Certificates of origin Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
Abstract: Many recent papers have pointed to ambiguous trade effects of developing regional trade agreements (RTAs), calling for a reassessment of their economic merits. The author focuses on seven such agreements currently in force in Sub-Saharan Africa (ECOWAS and SADC), Asia (AFTA and SAPTA) and Latin America (CACM, CAN, and MERCOSUR), estimating their impacts on their members' trade flows. Instead of the usual dummy variables for RTAs, he proposes a variable taking into account the number of years of membership. He then combines a gravity model with kernel estimation techniques to capture the non-monotonic trade effects while imposing minimal structure on the model. The results indicate that except for SAPTA, these RTAs have had a positive impact on their members' intra-trade over the estimation period (1960-99). AFTA seems to be the most successful among them, with an estimated positive impact on its members' imports from the rest of the world (hence no trade diversion), but its impact on their exports to the rest of the world is rather limited. During its first 10 years of existence, ECOWAS appears to have had a positive impact on its members' imports from the rest of the world (hence no trade diversion), but this positive impact vanished over time. SAPTA's negative impact on its members' intra-trade is probably an implicit effect of the India-Pakistan tensions over the estimation period.
Author: Achim Gutowski Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster ISBN: 3643905238 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 454
Book Description
Based on Africa's deep routed structural problems, the key aspect of a transformative regional integration is how to promote structural transformation by adapted strategies and policies for the African regional economic communities, for the Continental Free Trade Area, and for the Tripartite Free Trade Area. Regional integration in Africa is based on a conventional (linear) model, starting with trade preference zones and moving to free trade areas, customs unions, and monetary and economic zones, with the ultimate goal to reach political unity. Specific problems of a more transformative regional integration agenda are discussed, such as: ?food security and agriculture; industry development, enterprise growth and competition; and economic partnership agreements with extra-regional partners. In the final section, the impact of three global value chains of importance for Africa (diamonds, shea butter, and sesame) are considered on regions, on sub-regions, and on regional integration. (Series: African Development Perspectives Yearbook, Vol. 18) [Subject: African Studies, Economics
Author: Bohani Hlungwane
Author: Bohani Hlungwane
Author: Francis A. S. T. Matambalya
Author: Johannes Muntschick
Author: David Evans
Author: Stefan Ulrich Hegner
Author: Alberto Behar
Author: Padamja Khandelwal
Author: Souleymane Coulibaly
Author: SAPES Trust
Author: Achim Gutowski