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Author: Menberu Atalele Publisher: Grin Publishing ISBN: 9783668448643 Category : Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, language: English, abstract: Ethiopia's industrial activity has been characterized by meager growth for the last epochs. But recently the Ethiopian government endorsed Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) which gives prime attention to selected industries. This study examines the likely effect of productivity expansion of labor intensive industrial activities on the macro economy, government priority industries, factor and household income and welfare of households. The sectors were selected from the Ethiopian 2009/10 SAM based on their production characteristics. The selected labor intensive sectors include dairy, grain milling, milling service, sugar refining, other food process, beverage, textile, leather product and wood products. In order to investigate the impact of a 10% increase in the technical coefficients of these labor intensive industrial activities, the study used the static stage computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The recently updated 2009/10 Ethiopian SAM was used to calibrate important parameters of the CGE models. The 2009/10 Ethiopian SAM revealed that 45.22% and 52.13% of rural and urban households generate their income from labor. The production expansion via an increase in their technical coefficient of the sectors derived significant change on macro variables such as real GDP, government consumption demand, investment demand, household consumption, export and import of goods and services. The GDP of the economy has been increased by 3.41%. The findings also suggest that production and export increase in government prioritized industrial products largely .For instance, the production of the textile and leather sectors increased by 26.08% and 41.03%, respectively.Increasing the production of labor intensive industrial activities showed significant decline of import of priority industrial goods. It also resulted in welfare gain to all
Author: Menberu Atalele Publisher: Grin Publishing ISBN: 9783668448643 Category : Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, language: English, abstract: Ethiopia's industrial activity has been characterized by meager growth for the last epochs. But recently the Ethiopian government endorsed Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) which gives prime attention to selected industries. This study examines the likely effect of productivity expansion of labor intensive industrial activities on the macro economy, government priority industries, factor and household income and welfare of households. The sectors were selected from the Ethiopian 2009/10 SAM based on their production characteristics. The selected labor intensive sectors include dairy, grain milling, milling service, sugar refining, other food process, beverage, textile, leather product and wood products. In order to investigate the impact of a 10% increase in the technical coefficients of these labor intensive industrial activities, the study used the static stage computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The recently updated 2009/10 Ethiopian SAM was used to calibrate important parameters of the CGE models. The 2009/10 Ethiopian SAM revealed that 45.22% and 52.13% of rural and urban households generate their income from labor. The production expansion via an increase in their technical coefficient of the sectors derived significant change on macro variables such as real GDP, government consumption demand, investment demand, household consumption, export and import of goods and services. The GDP of the economy has been increased by 3.41%. The findings also suggest that production and export increase in government prioritized industrial products largely .For instance, the production of the textile and leather sectors increased by 26.08% and 41.03%, respectively.Increasing the production of labor intensive industrial activities showed significant decline of import of priority industrial goods. It also resulted in welfare gain to all
Author: Diao, Xinshen Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 85
Book Description
Recent growth accelerations in Africa are characterized by increasing productivity in agriculture, a declining share of the labor force employed in agriculture and declining productivity in modern sectors such as manufacturing. To shed light on this puzzle, we disaggregate firms in the manufacturing sector by size using two newly created panels of manufacturing firms, one for Tanzania covering 2008-2016 and one for Ethiopia covering 1996-2017. Our analysis reveals a dichotomy between larger firms that exhibit superior productivity performance but do not expand employment much, and small firms that absorb employment but do not experience any productivity growth. We suggest the poor employment performance of large firms is related to use of capital-intensive techniques associated with global trends in technology.
Author: World Bank Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464814953 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 545
Book Description
Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Author: Amsalu Woldie Yalew Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3658294132 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 140
Book Description
Amsalu Woldie Yalew attempts to address the direct and indirect economic effects of climate change, adaptation costs, and adaptation finance in developing countries with emphasis to Ethiopia using a static computable general equilibrium (CGE) model coupled with a regional module. The results show that the economy-wide effects of climate change are profound. Planned public adaptation that aims to fully neutralize climate change-induced agricultural productivity shocks may help to avert the aggregate effects but with residual effects. The results also indicate that structural change underpins climate-resilient development as it contributes to dampen the adverse consequences of climate change on aggregate GDP and households’ welfare.
Author: Sónia Félix Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513521519 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 57
Book Description
This paper studies the macroeconomic effect and underlying firm-level transmission channels of a reduction in business entry costs. We provide novel evidence on the response of firms' entry, exit, and employment decisions. To do so, we use as a natural experiment a reform in Portugal that reduced entry time and costs. Using the staggered implementation of the policy across the Portuguese municipalities, we find that the reform increased local entry and employment by, respectively, 25% and 4.8% per year in its first four years of implementation. Moreover, around 60% of the increase in employment came from incumbent firms expanding their size, with most of the rise occurring among the most productive firms. Standard models of firm dynamics, which assume a constant elasticity of substitution, are inconsistent with the expansionary and heterogeneous response across incumbent firms. We show that in a model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups the most productive firms face a lower demand elasticity and expand their employment in response to increased entry.
Author: Commission on Growth and Development Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821374923 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 198
Book Description
The result of two years work by 19 experienced policymakers and two Nobel prize-winning economists, 'The Growth Report' is the most complete analysis to date of the ingredients which, if used in the right country-specific recipe, can deliver growth and help lift populations out of poverty.
Author: Andrea Ciani Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464815585 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Author: Dani Rodrik Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691196087 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Deftly navigating the tensions among globalization, national sovereignty, and democracy, Straight Talk on Trade presents an indispensable commentary on today's world economy and its dilemmas, and offers a visionary framework at a critical time when it is most needed.
Author: Steven Langdon Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317427319 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 596
Book Description
Sub-Saharan Africa is at a turning point. The barriers to economic growth seen in the 1980-2000 era are disappearing and new optimism is spreading. However, difficult goals of eliminating poverty, achieving equity and overcoming environmental threats continue. This much-needed and insightful textbook has been written to help us understand this combination of emerging improvements and significant challenges. Opening with an analysis of the main theories relating to development in Sub-Saharan Africa, the book explores all the key issues, including: Human development; Rapid urbanization; Structural and gender dimensions; Sustainable development and environmental issues; and Africa’s role in the world economy. The authors use economic tools and concepts throughout, in a way that makes them accessible to students without an economics background. Readers are also aided by a wide range of case studies, on-the-ground examples and statistical information, which provide a detailed analysis of each topic. This text is also accompanied by an e-resource, featuring additional sources for students and instructors. African Economic Development is a clear and comprehensive textbook suitable for courses on African economic development, development economics, African studies and development studies.
Author: Gareth Austin Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 113507982X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 326
Book Description
The prevailing view of industrialization has focussed on technology, capital, entrepreneurship and the institutions that enabled them to be deployed. Labour was often equated with other factors of production, and assigned a relatively passive role. Yet it was labour absorption and the improvement of the quality of labour over the course of several centuries that underscored the timing, pace and quality of global industrialization. While science and technology developed in the West and whereas the use of fossil fuels, especially coal and oil, were vital to this process, the more recent history has been underpinned by the development of comparatively resource- and energy-saving technology, without which the diffusion of industrialization would not have been possible. The labour-intensive, resource-saving path, which emerged in East Asia under the influence of Western technology and institutions, and is diffusing across the world, suggests the most realistic route humans could take for a further diffusion of industrialization, which might respond to the rising expectations of living standards without catastrophic environmental degradation.
Author: Menberu Atalele
Author: Menberu Atalele
Author: Diao, Xinshen
Author: World Bank
Author: Amsalu Woldie Yalew
Author: Sónia Félix
Author: Commission on Growth and Development
Author: Andrea Ciani
Author: Dani Rodrik
Author: Steven Langdon
Author: Gareth Austin