The Impact of Observed Violence on the Psychological Functioning of Inner City Youth PDF Download

Author: Samuel D. Chavez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Urban violence
Languages : en
Pages : 96

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Author: Shirley Bo Yee Chau
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494159569
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 512

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Book Description
Research on homeless youth has documented the complex circumstances that lead some youths to leave home and live on the streets, including a history of family violence and child abuse. Many youth leave home because they perceive the streets as a safer alternative to living at home. Paradoxically, the factors that drove them to leave home also exist on the streets, particularly exposure to violence. The homeless youth who completed the survey have extensive histories of homelessness: 49% have been homeless for 3.5 years or more, 21% for 13 months to less than 3.5 years, and 30% for a year or less. Fifty-six percent of the respondents were male. Nearly 50% of the homeless youth in this study were exposed to considerable violence on the streets. The survey also found that factors such as family violence and exposure to violence on the streets were significant predictors of poor psychological functioning and that social environment variables such as neighbourhood disadvantage was a significant predictor for exposure to violence on the streets, but had no relationship to health status or psychological functioning. Using an ecological systems framework, this study explores the exposure to violence of Canadian homeless youth in Toronto's inner city and the effects of this exposure on their health and well-being. The research involved a survey using standardized measures that was completed by 165 homeless youth over a period of eight months. Associations between exposure to violence and outcomes in health status, psychological functioning, psychological distress, and service use and satisfaction were explored using correlation tests and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. These findings challenge perceptions that homeless youth are hardened and unaffected by violence. Youth who live on the streets are vulnerable victims of violence and may suffer great psychological stress. The findings have implications for service delivery and social care for homeless youth. Holistic and comprehensive approaches to service delivery are needed to meet their many needs. These approaches must take into account the impact of psychological distress and the fact that homeless youth need supports beyond those that meet subsistence needs only. Social workers and other community workers should receive training in how to assess psychological distress in vulnerable and marginalized populations, and in how to provide services to deal with the traumatic effects of exposure to violence on these young people, both as victims and witnesses.

Author: Douglas J. Troop
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 90

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Author: Nikola Balvin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030221768
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 405

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This open access book brings together discourse on children and peace from the 15th International Symposium on the Contributions of Psychology to Peace, covering issues pertinent to children and peace and approaches to making their world safer, fairer and more sustainable. The book is divided into nine sections that examine traditional themes (social construction and deconstruction of diversity, intergenerational transitions and memories of war, and multiculturalism), as well as contemporary issues such as Europe’s “migration crisis”, radicalization and violent extremism, and violence in families, schools and communities. Chapters contextualize each issue within specific social ecological frameworks in order to reflect on the multiplicity of influences that affect different outcomes and to discuss how the findings can be applied in different contexts. The volume also provides solutions and hope through its focus on youth empowerment and peacebuilding programs for children and families. This forward-thinking volume offers a multitude of views, approaches, and strategies for research and activism drawn from peace psychology scholars and United Nations researchers and practitioners. This book's multi-layered emphasis on context, structural determinants of peace and conflict, and use of research for action towards social cohesion for children and youth has not been brought together in other peace psychology literature to the same extent. Children and Peace: From Research to Action will be a useful resource for peace psychology academics and students, as well as social and developmental psychology academics and students, peace and development practitioners and activists, policy makers who need to make decisions about the matters covered in the book, child rights advocates and members of multilateral organizations such as the UN.

Author: United Nations Publications
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789211014358
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 48

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More than 1 billion children - half of all children in the world - are exposed to violence every year, in many forms and places, online and off. Whether a target or a witness, a child's exposure to violence has a severe impact on mental health. Such experiences with violence are often traumatic, evoking toxic responses to stress that cause both immediate and longterm physiological and psychological damage, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, anxiety, substance use disorders, sleep and eating disorders, and suicide. As the international community begins a Decade of Action to deliver the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, mental health must be imperative to measures employed to prevent and respond to violence against children and fulfill the promises of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In support of that process, this publication provides an overview of international evidence on the ways in which violence harms children's mental health, considering both diverse settings and forms of violence, developmental differences in the aftermath, and the most significant risk and protective factors. Highlighting the urgent need for action alongside continued gaps in knowledge of worthwhile solutions, the report also offers existing, effective approaches that should be pursued.

Author: Elijah Anderson
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN: 0393070387
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 362

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Unsparing and important. . . . An informative, clearheaded and sobering book.—Jonathan Yardley, Washington Post (1999 Critic's Choice) Inner-city black America is often stereotyped as a place of random violence, but in fact, violence in the inner city is regulated through an informal but well-known code of the street. This unwritten set of rules—based largely on an individual's ability to command respect—is a powerful and pervasive form of etiquette, governing the way in which people learn to negotiate public spaces. Elijah Anderson's incisive book delineates the code and examines it as a response to the lack of jobs that pay a living wage, to the stigma of race, to rampant drug use, to alienation and lack of hope.

Author: Anne Moses
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 286

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Author: Carie Hand McGauley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Children and violence
Languages : en
Pages : 170

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Book Description

Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309167922
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 184

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The Oklahoma City bombing, intentional crashing of airliners on September 11, 2001, and anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001 have made Americans acutely aware of the impacts of terrorism. These events and continued threats of terrorism have raised questions about the impact on the psychological health of the nation and how well the public health infrastructure is able to meet the psychological needs that will likely result. Preparing for the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism highlights some of the critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that result from terrorism and provides possible options for intervention. The committee offers an example for a public health strategy that may serve as a base from which plans to prevent and respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism events can be formulated. The report includes recommendations for the training and education of service providers, ensuring appropriate guidelines for the protection of service providers, and developing public health surveillance for preevent, event, and postevent factors related to psychological consequences.

Author: Akeem Nassor Marsh
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128189517
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 674

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Not Just Bad Kids: The Adversity and Disruptive Behavior Link explores the theory that all behavior makes sense in context. If you understand a person's frame of reference – their background, history and experience – you can imagine what might be driving their behavior. The book describes the social, cultural and environmental factors that shape the lives of many youths, including early childhood attachment which sets the foundation for how they interact with authority figures. The book also delves into an explanation of conduct disorder which is characterized by persistent, repetitive behaviors that violate the basic rights of other human beings and break rules. Studies have shown that conduct disorder affects 1-4% of adolescents in the United States and oppositional defiant disorder is estimated to develop in approximately 10.2% of children. The presence of DBD is also known to be more prevalent in boys than it is in girls. As there is a growing need to understand why children and adolescent exhibit signs of hostility, defiance and isolation, this book is an ideal resource for this timely topic. - Encompasses both ODD and conduct disorder - Introduces readers to the social, cultural and environmental factors that play a crucial part in disruptive behavior - Demonstrates the interrelationship of attachment problems, chronic trauma and disruptive behavior - Discusses current best practices for intervention and treatment in youth with disruptive behaviors - Provides casework examples of patients with disruptive behavior disorder