Author: Samuel F. TurnerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The Impact of Cover Crops on Weed Populations in an Organic Hopyard
Impacts of Cover Cropping and Tillage on Weed Populations and Soil Nutrients in a Sub-Arctic Environment
Author: Erin Leigh CarrPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Conservation tillage
Languages : en
Pages : 116
Book Description
One of the biggest challenges for organic crop and vegetable producers is weed control. Traditional practices, such as cover cropping and tilling, aid in controlling weeds on fallow land. However, both methods can impact soil nutrient availability. For producers in sub-Arctic regions with a limited growing season, such as interior Alaska, these practices would remove valuable farm land from production for at least a year and potentially impact soil nutrients. The objective of this study was to determine cover cropping and tilling intervals that would reduce weed seedbank size without negatively influencing soil nutrient availability and taking land out of production for multiple growing seasons. A two year (2008 and 2009) study at two interior Alaska farms (UAF-AFES and Rosie Creek) measured weed density, weed seedbank size, and extractable macro and micro soil nutrients at two soil depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm) among seven treatments: continuous tillage (TILL), continuous cover crop (CC), tillage + middle season cover crop (TC), and cover crop + middle season tillage (CT). Two species, Hordeum vulgare L. (Albright barley) and Pisum sativum subsp. Arvense (Austrian winter field peas) were planted as cover crops. Field weed estimates were measured prior to treatment applications (tillage or planting) followed by soil core samples post treatment for weed seedbank analysis. Soil cores were collected for soil nutrient analysis at the beginning, middle and end of the growing season. In 2008 at UAF-AFES, weed density among treatments were different mid-season (p
Effects of Summer Annual Cover Crops on Weed Population Dynamics
Author: Virender KumarIntegrative Use of Perennial and Annual Cover Crops for Weed Management in Organic Citrus
Author: Jose Clemente Linares B.Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
In a greenhouse experiment, citrus and bermudagrass appeared to compete for N during summer, while citrus and PP did not compete. Citrus, bermudagrass, and PP competed for water uptake during the spring and summer seasons. In general, perennial and annual CC treatments did not affect soil pH, C, N, and C:N ratio during the initial 3 years of field studies. Nematode populations did not reach high levels. Cover crop treatments in row middles did not affect weed growth dynamics in the tree row. However, planting cowpea in the tree row did decrease bahiagrass and crabgrass populations in tree rows. Planting tall cover crops such as sunnhemp near young citrus trees reduced initial tree growth. Cover crop treatments did not affect citrus leaf N, fruit yield, and quality during initial growth. Additional research is needed to assess long-term effects of cover crops on soil quality and fruit yield.
Cover Crops and Weed Dynamics in Organic Reduced Tillage
Author: Sandra Sophia WaymanOrganic Weed Control and Cover Crop Residue Integration Impacts on Weed Control, Quality, Yield and Economics in Conservation Tillage Tomato-A Case Study
Author: Andrew J. PricePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The increased adoption of conservation tillage and organic weed control practices in vegetable production requires more information on the role of various cover crops in integrated weed control, tomato quality, and yield. Two conservation-tillage systems utilizing crimson clover and cereal rye as winter cover crops were compared to a conventional black polythene mulch system, with or without organic weed management options, for weed control, tomato yield, and profitability. All cover crops were terminated with a mechanical roller/crimper prior to planting. Organic weed control treatments included: 1) flaming utilizing a one burner hand torch, 2) PRE application of corn gluten, 3) PRE application of corn gluten followed by flaming, or 4) intermittent hand weeding as needed. A non-treated control and a standard herbicide program were included for comparison. The herbicide program consisting of a PRE application of S-metolachlor (1.87 kg a.i./ha) followed by an early POST metribuzin (0.56 kg a.i. /ha) application followed by a late POST application of clethodim (0.28 kg a.i./ha). In general, high-residue clover and cereal rye cover crops provided substantial suppression of Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge. Across systems, minimum input in high-residue systems provided the highest net returns above variable costs compared to organic herbicide treatments that are costly and provide marginal benefit.
Evaluating Constraints and Opportunities in Managing Weed Populations with Cover Crops
Author: Cover Crop Management Effects on Weed Communities in a Planting Green System
Author: Teala FicksPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Integrated weed management (IWM) is essential for managing herbicide resistant weeds in no-till cropping systems. The use of cover crops as an integrated weed management tactic provides an opportunity to reduce herbicide selection pressure and increase control of herbicide resistant species. Cover crop management decisions made by growers depend on agronomic tradeoffs and input costs associated with cover cropping tactics. Planting green is a cover crop management tactic where cover crop termination is delayed until cash crop planting. In Pennsylvania, there has been increased interest in planting green. We investigated the effects of cereal rye seeding rates on weed suppression when using planting green tactics at two locations in Pennsylvania and one location in Delaware. Weed population responses were evaluated across four cereal rye seeding rate treatments: 0, 51, 101, 135 kg ha-1. Our results found that the presence of cereal rye improved weed suppression compared to the control treatment. Weed suppression was similar across cereal rye seeding rates 51 -- 135 kg ha-1. An additional field experiment evaluated the effects of cover crop termination timing and reduced herbicide inputs on weed suppression. This study was conducted at Rock Springs, PA across three growing seasons and included two cover crop termination treatments: planting green with reduced herbicide use and standard cover crop termination with standard herbicide use. Our results found that planting green provided similar summer annual weed suppression compared to standard cover crop termination. However, standard cover crop termination improved horseweed control compared to the planting green treatment. A third experiment investigated the effects cover crop surface mulch could have on weed community composition in a greenhouse experiment. Seedling establishment and resource allocation of ten weed and two crop species was evaluated across a seed mass gradient and cereal rye surface mulch levels, including 0, 3,360, 6,720, and 10,080 kg ha-1. Our results demonstrated that seed mass was positively correlated with seedling establishment rates under increasing cereal rye mulch levels. In response to increasing cereal rye surface mulch, resource allocation in broad-leaved species were diverted to aboveground biomass, particularly hypocotyl elongation, but surface mulch levels had no significant effect on monocotyledon species.
Cover Crops
Author: Taïga B. CholettePublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Cover crops have many desirable attributes including reduced soil erosion, increased soil organic matter and reduced weed density. However, cover crops can be injured by residues from herbicides used for weed control in the previous crop and cover crops can negatively impact the main cash-generating crop through resource competition. Three field studies were conducted to determine the impact of winter wheat and soybean herbicides on the establishment and growth of oilseed radish, the suppression of glyphosate-resistant Canada fleabane in corn with cover crops seeded the previous summer/fall after winter wheat harvest and the suppression of annual ryegrass in corn with nicosulfuron to prevent grain corn yield losses due to cover crop interference. Winter wheat herbicides applied in the spring caused
Author: Inga Anne Zasada