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Author: Henri M. Duvernoy Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3709130786 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 432
Book Description
This study of the brain stem and the cerebellum is the sequel to a previous study of the brain (cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon) [82]. The brain stem and cerebellum are dealt with here for the same purpose as was the brain in the previous work, i.e., to reach, step by step, knowledge that is comprehensive enough for an understanding of an atlas of sections and its clinical use. Following a brief survey of the methods used, the first chapter describes the brain stem and cerebellum surfaces as well as their location in the posterior cranial fossa. The second and the third chapter, respectively, describe the brain stem and cerebellum structures followed by brief surveys of their functions, enabling the reader to obtain an introductory view of the role of both the nuclei and fasciculi. The fourth chapter studies the brain stem vascular network in detail. Thus, this chapter sums up the results of research on brainstem superficial blood vessels and their intra nervous territories that were already presented in two previous works [79, 80]. By contrast, presentation of the cerebellar vascularization follows the previous literature.
Author: Henri M. Duvernoy Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3709130786 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 432
Book Description
This study of the brain stem and the cerebellum is the sequel to a previous study of the brain (cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon) [82]. The brain stem and cerebellum are dealt with here for the same purpose as was the brain in the previous work, i.e., to reach, step by step, knowledge that is comprehensive enough for an understanding of an atlas of sections and its clinical use. Following a brief survey of the methods used, the first chapter describes the brain stem and cerebellum surfaces as well as their location in the posterior cranial fossa. The second and the third chapter, respectively, describe the brain stem and cerebellum structures followed by brief surveys of their functions, enabling the reader to obtain an introductory view of the role of both the nuclei and fasciculi. The fourth chapter studies the brain stem vascular network in detail. Thus, this chapter sums up the results of research on brainstem superficial blood vessels and their intra nervous territories that were already presented in two previous works [79, 80]. By contrast, presentation of the cerebellar vascularization follows the previous literature.
Author: Thomas P. Naidich Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3211739718 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 872
Book Description
This atlas instills a solid knowledge of anatomy by correlating thin-section brain anatomy with corresponding clinical magnetic resonance images in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. The authors correlate advanced neuromelanin imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor tractography with clinical 3 and 4 T MRI. Each brain stem region is then analyzed with 9.4 T MRI to show the anatomy of the medulla, pons, midbrain, and portions of the diencephalonin with an in-plane resolution comparable to myelin- and Nissl-stained light microscopy. The book’s carefully organized diagrams and images teach with a minimum of text.
Author: National Academy of Sciences Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309045290 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 195
Book Description
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Author: Hannsjörg Schröder Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030899802 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 704
Book Description
The human brainstem has long been a neglected area in clinical medicine. This is shown by the fact that there is no introductory book on the neuroanatomy and pathology of this region. This book is intended to introduce the reader to the neuroanatomy of the human brainstem and combines an atlas with detailed information on the individual structures. The atlas features a state-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging series, histological specimens (Darrow Red and Campbell staining) and a plastinate-based topographical part, which allows direct comparison of histological and topographical findings with neuroimaging. In addition, the reader is guided along the brainstem neuromer model through the human brainstem and learns about the functional properties of the individual structures of the brainstem. Where appropriate, peripheral targets of brainstem structures are illustrated and explained. Furthermore, each chapter covers the most important neurological disorders affecting the brainstem. This book aims to demonstrate that sound anatomical knowledge is required to understand brainstem pathology. It will particularly help those new to the field to better understand the complex anatomy of the human brainstem and will be useful to basic and clinical neuroscientists alike.
Author: B. Schlesinger Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642662552 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
It was when the author of this book was working in the Department of Human Anatomy at Oxford University that Prof. W.E. Le Gros Clark encouraged him to study the vascularization of the brain. Le Gros Clark, who has an international reputation for his research on the diencephalon, may thus be regarded as one of the initiators of this investigation. The prese!1t work is born of the happy coinicidence of a number of circumstances, namely, the author's possessing detailed anatomic knowledge and suitable techniques of carrying on research, and present the results, great patience, inventiveness and a special talent for dealing with highly complex material. It is necessary to know all this in order to understand how the author of this monograph was in the position to do such painstakingly detailed research on a subject of extreme complexity and to present it here in graphic and written form. The atlas fills a long felt want among neurosurgeons and researches in neuroana tomy as regards both the form and position of the nuclei and fiber tracts of the upper brain stem and the type and arrangement of its finer vascularization.
Author: Marilyn J. Cipolla Publisher: Biota Publishing ISBN: 1615047239 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 82
Book Description
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Author: Florian Beissner Publisher: Frontiers E-books ISBN: 2889192474 Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Languages : en Pages : 93
Book Description
The brainstem is one of the least understood parts of the human brain despite its prime importance for the maintenance of basic vital functions. Owing to its role as a relay station between spinal cord, cerebellum and neocortex, the brainstem contains vital nodes of all functional systems in the central nervous system, including the visual, auditory, gustatory, vestibular, somatic and visceral senses, and the somatomotor as well as autonomic nervous systems. While the brainstem has been extensively studied in animals using invasive methods, human studies remain scarce. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive and widely available method is one possibility to access the brainstem in humans and measure its structure as well as function. The close vicinity of the brainstem to large arteries and ventricles and the small size of the anatomical structures, however, place high demands on imaging as well as data analysis methods. Nevertheless, the field of brainstem-(f)MRI has significantly advanced in the past few years, largely due to the development of several new tools that facilitate studying this critical part of the human brain. Within this scope, the goal of this Research Topic is to compile work representing the state of the art in functional and structural MRI of the human brainstem.
Author: Rudolf Nieuwenhuys Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9783540560135 Category : Medical Languages : ru Pages : 2270
Book Description
This comprehensive reference is clearly destined to become the definitive anatomical basis for all molecular neuroscience research. The three volumes provide a complete overview and comparison of the structural organisation of all vertebrate groups, ranging from amphioxus and lamprey through fishes, amphibians and birds to mammals. This thus allows a systematic treatment of the concepts and methodology found in modern comparative neuroscience. Neuroscientists, comparative morphologists and anatomists will all benefit from: * 1,200 detailed and standardised neuroanatomical drawings * the illustrations were painstakingly hand-drawn by a team of graphic designers, specially commissioned by the authors, over a period of 25 years * functional correlations of vertebrate brains * concepts and methodology of modern comparative neuroscience * five full-colour posters giving an overview of the central nervous system of the vertebrates, ideal for mounting and display This monumental work is, and will remain, unique; the only source of such brilliant illustrations at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels.
Author: George Paxinos Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080925219 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
Work on the human brainstem has been impeded by the unavailability of a comprehensive diagrammatic and photographic atlas. In the authors' preliminary work on the morphology of the human brainstem (The Human Nervous System, 1990), Paxinos et al demonstrated that it is possible to use chemoarchitecture to establish a number of human homologs in structures known to exist in the rat, the most extensively studied species. Now, with the first detailed atlas on the human brainstem in more than forty years, the authors present an accurate, comprehensive, and convenient reference for students, researchers, and pathologists. Key Features * The first detailed atlas on the human brainstem in more than forty years * Delineated as accurately as The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, Second Edition (Paxinos/Watson, 1986), the most cited book in neuroscience * Based on a single brain from a 59-year-old male with no medical history of neurological or psychiatric illness * Represents all areas of the medulla, pons, and midbrain in the plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of the brainstem * Consists of 64 plates and 64 accompanying diagrams with an interplate distance of half a millimeter * The photographs are of Nissl and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) stained sections at alternate levels * Establishes systematically the human homologs to nuclei identified in the brainstem of the rat Reviewed by leading neuroanatomists * An accurate and convenient guide for students, researchers, and pathologists
Author: Henri M. Duvernoy
Author: Henri M. Duvernoy
Author: Thomas P. Naidich
Author: National Academy of Sciences
Author: Hannsjörg Schröder
Author: B. Schlesinger
Author: Marilyn J. Cipolla
Author: Florian Beissner
Author: Rudolf Nieuwenhuys
Author: George Paxinos
Author: J. Gordon Betts