The Hébertistes to the Guillotine PDF Download

Author: Morris Slavin
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780807118382
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 280

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Book Description
Describes how an urban, working-class group were judged ultrarevolutionary and executed.

Author: Herbert Lom
Publisher: Trafalgar Square Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Biographical fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Book Description
The veteran film actor's first novel is a macabre, blackly comic fictional biography of the man who invented the mechanism of execution much feared during the French Revolution.

Author: Charles River Charles River Editors
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781542695442
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 42

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Book Description
*Includes pictures *Includes contemporary accounts describing the use of the guillotine *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents "But here I should imagine the most terrible part of the whole punishment is, not the bodily pain at all-but the certain knowledge that in an hour, then in ten minutes, then in half a minute, then now-this very instant-your soul must quit your body and that you will no longer be a man-and that this is certain, certain!" - Fyodor Dostoyevsky, The Idiot The Guillotine. Its very name recalls scenes of horror during the French Revolution, as nobles lost their heads while gangs of people cheered and Madame Defarge knitted. Some of history's most famous people lost their heads at the guillotine, including Marie Antoinette, King Louis XVI of France, and Robespierre, and the apparatus is immediately recognizable across the world, not just for its appearance but for all the stories it featured prominently in. However, the truth behind this device is much more complicated than its short-lived use during France's Reign of Terror. For one thing, societies have been executing people since ancient times and have used various devices, the guillotine being just one. Even as early as the 13th century, there were moves among some to make the arduous task of state-sanctioned executions quicker and easier, and in time, the evolution of various devices helped bring about the invention of the guillotine. Though many their names have now faded into history, both the instruments of the past and the people who used them were the parents of this monstrous device. But a funny thing happened along the way as people became less and less enamored of killing each other, even for those who had themselves committed murder. As the Age of Enlightenment spread in the mid-1700s, so did a sense that government should not take lives at all, or if they did, that they should do so as quickly and painlessly as possible. Thus it was that the guillotine was created, not to hurt others so much as to dispatch those condemned as painlessly as possible. It is but a sad coincidence that its design was perfected on the eve of one of the bloodiest eras in French history; had it been developed at another point in time, it might very-well have been hailed as a merciful way to mete out justice. Like all important devices, the guillotine did not remain unchanged during its centuries of use. Its design was periodically tweaked for decades until the latter half of the 19th century, when it was completely redesigned, likely in light of a growing hostility toward capital punishment in general and beheadings in particular. By this time, such notable Frenchmen as Victor Hugo had spoken out against the right of the state to take a human life. Even the Sanson family, who had served as France's executioners for more nearly 200 years, had given up their work, and it fell to others to master the new apparatus. These men would be increasingly maligned for their work as a more civilized world insisted that it was not for the state to conduct executions. That said, it often surprises people to learn that the guillotine remained in use through the middle part of the 20th century, outliving other barbaric practices like slavery by nearly 100 years. Though the government outlawed public executions in the mid-1930s, men and women continued to be beheaded in the name of justice long after the end of World War II. But ultimately, the times were changing, and Nazi and Japanese atrocities had opened the eyes of many to man's ability to hurt fellow man. Killing was even less attractive to those who had already killed in the name of patriotism, and their voices raised, higher and higher, until ultimately the device that had dispatched royalty and paupers alike was finally used for the last time. As one author wrote, "May it never be used again."

Author: Robert Frederick Opie
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780750930345
Category : Executions and executioners
Languages : en
Pages : 195

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Book Description
The guillotine is undoubtedly the most potent image of revolutionary France, the tool whereby a whole society was redesigned. Yet what came to be seen as an instrument of terror was, paradoxically, introduced as the result of the humanitarian feelings of men intent on revising an ancient and barbaric penal code. Robert Frederick Opie takes the reader on a sometimes terrifying journey through the narrow streets of 18th-century Paris and beyond. Initially scorned by the revolutionary mob for being insufficiently cruel, the swift and efficient guillotine soon became the darling of the crowd, despatching as many as 60 people a day beneath its blade. But the Razor of the Nation was to remain the chosen instrument of capital punishment until the 1970s, only finally being banned in 1981. This work traces the development of the guillotine over nearly two centuries, recounting the stories of famous executions, the lives of the executioners and the scientific research into whether the head retained consciousness after it was separated from the body that continued into the 1950s. The story recounts some diabolical uses of human inventiveness, but also many touching pleas for mercy.

Author: Martin A. Miller
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107025303
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 307

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Book Description
A groundbreaking history of the roots of modern terrorism, ranging from early modern Europe to the contemporary Middle East.

Author: Norman Levine
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137309261
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 246

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Book Description
Marx's Rebellion Against Lenin, by negating the Leninist-Stalinist theory of dialectical materialism and tracing Marx's political philosophy to the Classical Humanism of Aristotle, overthrows the stultifying entrapment of Stalinist Bolshevism and contributes to the revitalization of Marx's method.

Author: Sylvia Neely
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 9780742534100
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 316

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Book Description
"This concise introduction to the French Revolution explains the origins, development, and eventual decline of a movement that defines France to this day. Through an accessible chronological narrative, Sylvia Neely explains the complex events, conflicting groups, and rapid changes that characterized this critical period in French History. She traces the fundamental transformations in government and society that forced the French to come up with new ways of thinking about their place in the world and led to liberalism, conservatism, terrorism, and modern nationalism. All readers interested in France and revolutionary history will find this a rewarding read."--BOOK JACKET.

Author: Michael Rapport
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191543233
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 398

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Book Description
In 1789 the French Revolution opened with a cosmopolitan flourish and progressive observers across the world hailed a new era of international fraternity, based on a new kind of politics. Foreigners were welcomed to France, to enrich the regenerated nation and to become citizens. By the Terror of 1793-94, however, this universalist promise had all but died. Some foreigners in France were guillotined, hundreds of others were jailed, expelled, watched closely and were obliged to carry special identity cards. How and why foreignors were squeezed out of French social and political life- and to what extent- is the subject of this book. Besides such issues as citizenship, nationality, passports and surveillance, this study considers the experience of specific types of foreignors, like those who served in the French army; in the clergy; foreign radicals or patriots; and those who contributed to French economic life. The dramatic transformation in the fortunes of foreignors during the revolution reveals much about the origins of modern concepts of nationality and citizenship and the development of national identities. In defining the limit of the nation, the revolutionaries and foreignors alike faced difficulties which have particular ressonance today.

Author: James Douglas (of Cavers.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Greece
Languages : en
Pages : 472

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Book Description

Author: Robert W. Knutson
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1543467717
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 415

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Book Description
Julius Caesar Augustus, founder of the early Roman Empire, replaced the estate of the late Roman Republic and raised taxes in conjunction with the glorious incarnation of Christ. Christ’s ministry lasted the few days of three and a half years, culminating in his atoning death for the kingdom of sinful human nature. Humanity in faith was individually summoned to accept Christ as the antitypical lamb of God, which takes away the sin of the world in fulfilment of Gen. 3:15. Systems of faith/belief arms would develop for believers to join. Wars of words broke out between churches and civil states regarding the nature of Christ and other traditions. Some systems of faith/belief operated within the Ten Commandments hedge, while others did not. Roman Catholicism did not operate within that hedge, disregarding the fourth commandment, thus showing contempt for the law. Believers in the Dark Ages, Middle Ages, Reformation, and post-Reformation eras broke away from the Roman Catholic Church system to follow Bible truth, causing people to give their lives and even die for their faith.