Author: Richard John CullenPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The Hazards of Water Borne Parasitic Diseases on Irrigation Development
Author: Richard John CullenParasitic Diseases in Water Resources Development
Author: John Melton HunterPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical policy
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Book Description
Issues a call for action to correct the gross neglect of the health consequences of water impoundment and irrigation projects. Arguments and proposed lines of action respond to the documented magnitude of human misery and incapacity that follow when water development projects make no provision for disease control. Concentrating on parasitic diseases as the most dramatic and reliable indicators of adverse effects on health, the book aims to persuade the financiers, planners, and managers of these projects to make health concerns a central part of the development dialogue. To this end the book draws upon a large body of evidence to demonstrate both the magnitude of project-related health risks and the feasibility of their prevention and control. Citing the traditionally passive role of the health sector as a contributing factor, the book also aims to encourage health authorities to enter the project cycle with a more insistent voice. Throughout the book, emphasis is placed on recent knowledge about parasitic diseases that underscores the feasibility of formulating policies where the goal of economic progress is compatible with the protection and promotion of health.
Parasitic Diseases in Water Resources Development
Author: Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens
Author: National Research CouncilPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309091225
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens. Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples. This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a "tool box" approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application. The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.Â
Foodborne Parasites
Author: Ynes R. OrtegaPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387311971
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 301
Book Description
This book examines the two major parasite groups that are transmitted via water or foods: the single-celled protozoa, and the helminths: cestodes (tapeworms), nematodes (round worms), and trematodes (flukes). Each chapter covers the biology, mechanisms of pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment, and inactivation of these parasites. This important new text offers a better understanding of the biology and control of parasitic infections necessary to reduce or eliminate future outbreaks in the U.S. and elsewhere.
Procedures to Investigate Waterborne Illness
Author: International Association for Food ProtectionPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319260278
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 164
Book Description
Written by a team of international experts, this third edition designed to guide public health personnel or teams in any country that investigates reports of alleged waterborne illnesses. The manual is based on epidemiologic principles and investigative techniques that have been found effective in determining causal factors of disease incidence. The guidelines are presented in the sequence usually followed during investigations and are organized so that an investigator can easily find the information needed in any phase of an investigation. The book services as a guide to: • Develop a waterborne disease surveillance and emergency operations program • Handle illness alerts and water-related complaints that may be related to illness • Interview ill persons, those at risk, and controls • Develop a case definition • Transport water specimens and clinical specimens • Trace sources of contamination • Identify factors responsible for contamination, survival of pathogenic microorganisms or toxic substances, and/or propagation of pathogens • Collate and interpret collected data • Report information about the outbreak This edition has been extensively updated. A section has been added on water not intended for drinking as a source of illness. The chapter on “collection and analysis of data” has been significantly expanded to explain how data is collected and used to suggest possible vehicles, routes, and agents. The book is designed to improve the quality of investigation of outbreaks and disease surveillance. The International Association for Food Protection is a non-profit association of food safety professionals. Dedicated to the life-long educational needs of its Members, IAFP provides Members with an information network through its two scientific journals (Food Protection Trends and Journal of Food Protection), its educational Annual Meeting, international meetings and symposia along with international interaction between food safety professionals.
Advances in Agronomy
Author: Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780120007806
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 652
Book Description
Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a leading reference and a first-rate source of the latest research in agronomy. Major reviews deal with the current topics of interest to agronomists, as well as crop and soil scientists. As always, the subjects covered are varied and exemplary of the myriad subject matter dealt with by this long-running serial. Editor Donald Sparks, former president of the Soil Science Society of America and current president of the International Union of Soil Science, is the S. Hallock du Pont Chair of Plant and Soil Sciences at The University of Delaware. Volume 82 contains eight state-of-the-art reviews on topics of interest in the plant and soil sciences. Three of the reviews present cutting-edge molecular scale techniques and approaches that directly impact food production, crop improvement, and environmental quality and sustainability.
Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health
Author: Institute of MedicinePublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309138728
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description
As the human population grows-tripling in the past century while, simultaneously, quadrupling its demand for water-Earth's finite freshwater supplies are increasingly strained, and also increasingly contaminated by domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population lives in areas with scarce water resources. Nearly one billion people currently lack access to an adequate water supply, and more than twice as many lack access to basic sanitation services. It is projected that by 2025 water scarcity will affect nearly two-thirds of all people on the planet. Recognizing that water availability, water quality, and sanitation are fundamental issues underlying infectious disease emergence and spread, the Institute of Medicine held a two-day public workshop, summarized in this volume. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored global and local connections between water, sanitation, and health; the spectrum of water-related disease transmission processes as they inform intervention design; lessons learned from water-related disease outbreaks; vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure in both industrialized and developing countries; and opportunities to improve water and sanitation infrastructure so as to reduce the risk of water-related infectious disease.
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
Author: Charles N. HaasPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118910028
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 439
Book Description
Provides the latest QMRA methodologies to determine infection risk cause by either accidental microbial infections or deliberate infections caused by terrorism • Reviews the latest methodologies to quantify at every step of the microbial exposure pathways, from the first release of a pathogen to the actual human infection • Provides techniques on how to gather information, on how each microorganism moves through the environment, how to determine their survival rates on various media, and how people are exposed to the microorganism • Explains how QMRA can be used as a tool to measure the impact of interventions and identify the best policies and practices to protect public health and safety • Includes new information on genetic methods • Techniques use to develop risk models for drinking water, groundwater, recreational water, food and pathogens in the indoor environment
Pathogenic Mycobacteria in Water
Author: Steve PedleyPublisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843390590
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Book Description
Environmental mycobacteria can be found in diverse environments around the world and most appear to exhibit a saprophytic lifestyle. However, some have the ability to infect animals, birds and humans, and have evolved mechanisms by which they can invade and grow within host cells: the pathogenic environmental mycobacteria (PEM). Although the diseases caused by these organisms have been known for many years, it is only recently that the potential significance of PEM as a waterborne pathogen has been appreciated. Pathogenic Mycobacteria in Water describes the current knowledge of the distribution of PEM in water and other parts of the environment. The routes of transmission that lead to human infection are discussed and there is a detailed analysis of the most significant disease symptoms that can follow infection. Many species of PEM are difficult to isolate in culture and so detection and identification rely upon the use modern techniques such as those based on selective nucleic acid amplification (PCR). The classical and modern methods of analysis are described. The book concludes with a discussion of the issues surrounding the control of PEM in drinking-water and the assessment and management of risks. Pathogenic Mycobacteria in Water has been developed from an expert workshop convened by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Contents Natural ecology and survival in water of mycobacteria of potential public health significance Environmental sources of Mycobacterium avium linked to routes of exposure Biology of waterborne pathogenic mycobacteria Analytical methods for the detection of waterborne and environmental pathogenic mycobacteria The Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis problem and its relation to the causation of Crohn disease Disseminated infection, cervical adenitis and other MAC infections Skin, Bone, and Soft Tissue Infections Pulmonary infection in non-HIV infected individuals Disease resulting from contaminated equipment and invasive procedures Control, Treatment and Disinfection of Mycobacterium avium Complex in Drinking Water Approaches to risk management in priority settings