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Author: Stephen Orgel Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198920571 Category : Literary Criticism Languages : en Pages : 145
Book Description
How did the popular drama of Shakespeare's age become literature? Every work that has survived from the theater of past ages has gone through some editorial process to make it available to readers. The book of the play is not the play on the stage; returning it to the stage for modern audiences is not a simple or straightforward process, nor can we simply read backwards from the texts that have come down to us to deduce what Shakespeare's or Jonson's (or Aristophanes's or Sophocles's) audiences saw. Editorial efforts since the first folio of 1623 have attempted to establish a correct, final text of Shakespeare's plays, as the folio promises "the true, original copies." Yet the text in the theater changed constantly, as the actors adapted the plays to take into account their changing audiences. The publisher of the folio of Beaumont and Fletcher's plays in 1647 acknowledges that his texts include more than the plays on the stage--"all that was acted and all that was not." In performance, the play at the Globe was not the play at court, nor was any play the same when it was revived in a subsequent season. Moreover, performances always involved improvisation on the part of the actors, and the continual response (often vocal and energetic) of the audience. This book is about what happens to plays when they become books.
Author: Stephen Orgel Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198920571 Category : Literary Criticism Languages : en Pages : 145
Book Description
How did the popular drama of Shakespeare's age become literature? Every work that has survived from the theater of past ages has gone through some editorial process to make it available to readers. The book of the play is not the play on the stage; returning it to the stage for modern audiences is not a simple or straightforward process, nor can we simply read backwards from the texts that have come down to us to deduce what Shakespeare's or Jonson's (or Aristophanes's or Sophocles's) audiences saw. Editorial efforts since the first folio of 1623 have attempted to establish a correct, final text of Shakespeare's plays, as the folio promises "the true, original copies." Yet the text in the theater changed constantly, as the actors adapted the plays to take into account their changing audiences. The publisher of the folio of Beaumont and Fletcher's plays in 1647 acknowledges that his texts include more than the plays on the stage--"all that was acted and all that was not." In performance, the play at the Globe was not the play at court, nor was any play the same when it was revived in a subsequent season. Moreover, performances always involved improvisation on the part of the actors, and the continual response (often vocal and energetic) of the audience. This book is about what happens to plays when they become books.
Author: Aliki Publisher: Harper Collins ISBN: 0064437221 Category : Juvenile Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
From Hamlet to Romeo and Juliet to A Midsummer Night′s Dream, Shakespeare′s celebrated works have touched people around the world. Aliki combines literature, history, biography, archaeology, and architecture in this richly detailed and meticulously researched introduction to Shakespeare′s world-his life in Elizabethan times, the theater world, and the Globe, for which he wrote his plays. Then she brings history full circle to the present-day reconstruction of the Globe theater. Ages 8+
Author: Sylvia Sumira Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 022613914X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 231
Book Description
The concept of the earth as a sphere has been around for centuries, emerging around the time of Pythagoras in the sixth century BC, and eventually becoming dominant as other thinkers of the ancient world, including Plato and Aristotle, accepted the idea. The first record of an actual globe being made is found in verse, written by the poet Aratus of Soli, who describes a celestial sphere of the stars by Greek astronomer Eudoxus of Cnidus (ca. 408–355 BC). The oldest surviving globe—a celestial globe held up by Atlas’s shoulders—dates back to 150 AD, but in the West, globes were not made again for about a thousand years. It was not until the fifteenth century that terrestrial globes gained importance, culminating when German geographer Martin Behaim created what is thought to be the oldest surviving terrestrial globe. In Globes: 400 Years of Exploration, Navigation, and Power, Sylvia Sumira, beginning with Behaim’s globe, offers a authoritative and striking illustrated history of the subsequent four hundred years of globe making. Showcasing the impressive collection of globes held by the British Library, Sumira traces the inception and progression of globes during the period in which they were most widely used—from the late fifteenth century to the late nineteenth century—shedding light on their purpose, function, influence, and manufacture, as well as the cartographers, printers, and instrument makers who created them. She takes readers on a chronological journey around the world to examine a wide variety of globes, from those of the Renaissance that demonstrated a renewed interest in classical thinkers; to those of James Wilson, the first successful commercial globe maker in America; to those mass-produced in Boston and New York beginning in the 1800s. Along the way, Sumira not only details the historical significance of each globe, but also pays special attention to their materials and methods of manufacture and how these evolved over the centuries. A stunning and accessible guide to one of the great tools of human exploration, Globes will appeal to historians, collectors, and anyone who has ever examined this classroom accessory and wondered when, why, and how they came to be made.
Author: Anthony Horvath, PhD Publisher: Xlibris Corporation ISBN: 1503554503 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 524
Book Description
About the Book: a blueprint for national E-conomy. 5 STAR rating by Pacific Book Review. MICHAEL MOORE tells us his new movie will change America. OUR BOOK WILL TELL YOU HOW MY BOOK TRAILER CAPITALLESSISM proposes : a strong free-enterprise-based democratic national E-conomy model when no capital is available, either because of a crisis or by speculations. ..scientific solutions for a capital-less public cooperative banking system. .economic engineering to create a commodity-based virtual-capital, .a national public bank, .a nationalized artificial capital creation process called fractional-reserve-banking rights, licensed back to banks (in return for sharing the created public-E-capital with the government), and various processes to activate its E-capital circulation, This is not Socialism, nor Communism. It is COMMUNITY-ISM based on human and spiritual values where inequalities will still exist resulting from individual efforts, but everybody has a fair financial starting chance for free enterprise. Some of our controversial ideas are not politically right. Austerity is outdated. The nature of national debts may be reexamined. It is inspired by Roosevelts second bill of rights and Edisons visions of a commodity-based currency. Our MACRO-MODEL is inspired by our efficient blood circulatory system, which provides oxygen to trillions of cells. We copy this for an efficient E-capital circulation model to assure survival and to sustain everyones productivity. www.capitallessism.com Excerpts Pacific Book Review www.pacificbookreview.com: .CAPITALlessISM, interestingly compares our economic system to a biological circulatory system. . the prototype for economic engineesring. . is a mindset of a macro-model for redesigning our inefficient national economy. . that remedies a lack of capitalThe human factor and spiritual God element are fundamental. . a decrease of inequalities among people and an emphasis on democracy, .Benefit ..includes the cancellation of most national debts Excerpts the U.S. review of Books http://www.theusreview.com/: innovative and thought-provoking book, .. a new economic model, one that can function where no capital is available and that embraces the concept of "community-ism.". his synthesis of various models is unique..
Author: Alida C. Metcalf Publisher: JHU Press ISBN: 1421438534 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 251
Book Description
How did intricately detailed sixteenth-century maps reveal the start of the Atlantic World? Beginning around 1500, in the decades following Columbus's voyages, the Atlantic Ocean moved from the periphery to the center on European world maps. This brief but highly significant moment in early modern European history marks not only a paradigm shift in how the world was mapped but also the opening of what historians call the Atlantic World. But how did sixteenth-century chartmakers and mapmakers begin to conceptualize—and present to the public—an interconnected Atlantic World that was open and navigable, in comparison to the mysterious ocean that had blocked off the Western hemisphere before Columbus's exploration? In Mapping an Atlantic World, circa 1500, Alida C. Metcalf argues that the earliest surviving maps from this era, which depict trade, colonization, evangelism, and the movement of peoples, reveal powerful and persuasive arguments about the possibility of an interconnected Atlantic World. Blending scholarship from two fields, historical cartography and Atlantic history, Metcalf explains why Renaissance cosmographers first incorporated sailing charts into their maps and began to reject classical models for mapping the world. Combined with the new placement of the Atlantic, the visual imagery on Atlantic maps—which featured decorative compass roses, animals, landscapes, and native peoples—communicated the accessibility of distant places with valuable commodities. Even though individual maps became outdated quickly, Metcalf reveals, new mapmakers copied their imagery, which then repeated on map after map. Individual maps might fall out of date, be lost, discarded, or forgotten, but their geographic and visual design promoted a new way of seeing the world, with an interconnected Atlantic World at its center. Describing the negotiation that took place between a small cadre of explorers and a wider class of cartographers, chartmakers, cosmographers, and artists, Metcalf shows how exploration informed mapmaking and vice versa. Recognizing early modern cartographers as significant agents in the intellectual history of the Atlantic, Mapping an Atlantic World, circa 1500 includes around 50 beautiful and illuminating historical maps.
Author: Stephen Orgel
Author: Stephen Orgel
Author: Sir Clements Robert Markham
Author: Aliki
Author: United States. Congress
Author: 
Author: Sylvia Sumira
Author: Anthony Horvath, PhD
Author: Hezekiah Niles
Author: Alida C. Metcalf
Author: