The generation and propagation of atmospheric gravity waves observed during the Worldwide Atmospheric Gravity-wave Study (WAGS) PDF Download

Author: P.J.S. WILLIAMS
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Bruce R. Sutherland
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316184323
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 395

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The study of internal gravity waves provides many challenges: they move along interfaces as well as in fully three-dimensional space, at relatively fast temporal and small spatial scales, making them difficult to observe and resolve in weather and climate models. Solving the equations describing their evolution poses various mathematical challenges associated with singular boundary value problems and large amplitude dynamics. This book provides the first comprehensive treatment of the theory for small and large amplitude internal gravity waves. Over 120 schematics, numerical simulations and laboratory images illustrate the theory and mathematical techniques, and 130 exercises enable the reader to apply their understanding of the theory. This is an invaluable single resource for academic researchers and graduate students studying the motion of waves within the atmosphere and ocean, and also mathematicians, physicists and engineers interested in the properties of propagating, growing and breaking waves.

Author: Kevin Hamilton
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642606547
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 568

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The subject of this volume is the observation and modelling of the gravity wave field in the atmosphere. The focus is on the question of how to include the effects of small-scale gravity waves in sophisticated global climate models. The book comprises 26 chapters, including contributions from distinguished experts in observation and theory, along with results from studies of gravity wave parameterization within comprehensive climate models.

Author: C. J. Nappo
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780125140829
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 312

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CD-ROM contains: 10 computer programs written in FORTRAN77, and 6 ASCII data sets.

Author: J.A. Bleeker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401003203
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1819

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One of the most attractive features of the young discipline of Space Science is that many of the original pioneers and key players involved are still available to describe their field. Hence, at this point in history we are in a unique position to gain first-hand insight into the field and its development. To this end, The Century of Space Science, a scholarly, authoritative, reference book presents a chapter-by-chapter retrospective of space science as studied in the 20th century. The level is academic and focuses on key discoveries, how these were arrived at, their scientific consequences and how these discoveries advanced the thoughts of the key players involved. With over 90 world-class contributors, such as James Van Allen, Cornelis de Jager, Eugene Parker, Reimar Lüst, and Ernst Stuhlinger, and with a Foreword by Lodewijk Woltjer (past ESO Director General), this book will be immensely useful to readers in the fields of space science, astronomy, and the history of science. Both academic institutions and researchers will find that this major reference work makes an invaluable addition to their collection.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astrophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 748

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Author: Mahtab Majdzadeh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The first part of this study investigates gravity wave parameterization in the middle atmosphere, focusing on internal waves with a broad spectrum of phase speeds. A column model based on CIRA wind and temperature profiles is employed to assess the characteristics of the Hines Doppler-Spread (1997) and Warner-McIntyre-Scinocca (2001) nonorographic drag parameterizations for internal gravity waves. The Alexander-Dunkerton (1999) variant of Warner-McIntyre-Scinocca scheme is also briefly considered. This study goes into more detail than previous comparisons by performing a spectral analysis of the momentum deposition and drag, and by examining the ability of each scheme to reproduce saturation. Comparisons with pure critical level filtering are also made, and it is found that Hines DSP mainly constitutes an enhancement to critical level absorption, while the Warner-McIntyre-Scinocca scheme produces substantially different wave drag profiles. We find several undesirable characteristics in the drag produced by the Hines scheme. For typical midlatitude profiles, it produces an abrupt onset of large accelerations that are confined to a relatively narrow layer. It is also unable to reproduce wave spectra consistent with observed saturation at high vertical wavenumbers. The second part of this study investigates the generation mechanisms of the gravity waves over Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). We performed a series of simulations for a selection of the strongest peak events using WRF model to further investigate the characteristics and generation mechanisms of gravity wave peak events over NL. We studied three different peak events, 2003, 2008 and 2014. We showed that gravity wave events in the winter hotspot region over NL can have both topographic and jet streak sources. In the cases we examined, one source of waves was the Torngat range on the northern coast of Labrador. However, the other two wave sources were in fact outside the hotspot region, and a combination of advection and propagation caused those packets to enter the hotspot in the middle atmosphere. We have demonstrated that topographic wave packets, which are normally assumed to remain stationary over the source, can in fact be advected far downstream from the source.

Author: Ganti L. Rao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere, Upper
Languages : en
Pages : 76

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 35

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The flow of wind over mountain ranges is believed to be one of the primary generation mechanisms of atmospheric gravity waves. Mountain gravity waves contribute to the production of stratospheric turbulence, a potential cause of accidents in high-altitude aircraft flights. In an effort to advance the current capabilities of forecasting stratospheric turbulence, theoretical models have been developed for the generation and breakdown of mountain gravity waves under realistic conditions, including effects not captured by existing forecasting tools. Specifically, short-scale oscillations in the background buoyancy-frequency profile, often seen in balloon measurements, but normally ignored in theoretical models, are found to cause significantly increased gravity-wave activity, resulting in wave breaking above and upstream of the mountain. The effect of temporal variations in the wind velocity is also studied for a range of amplitudes and periods typical of those encountered in the field. Transient gravity waves resulting from such variations can be significant, and steady flow states predicted on the assumption of uniform wind may not be attainable. Finally, a study is made of the nonlinear evolution of a gravity-wave packet as it propagates upwards in the atmosphere, generating low-frequency inertial-gravity waves of the type seen in recent field observations.

Author: Ljiljana R. Cander
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319993313
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297

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This book describes essential concepts of, and the status quo in, the field of ionospheric space weather. It explains why our society on planet Earth and moving outwards into space cannot work safely, function efficiently, or progress steadily without committed and comprehensive research initiatives addressing space weather. These initiatives must provide space environment specifications, warnings, and forecasts, all of which need to be timely, accurate and reliable. Cause and effect models of the Earth’s ionosphere are discussed in terms of the spatial and temporal dimensions of background variability, storms, gradients, irregularities, and waves in both current and long-term research activities. Starting from dynamic processes on the Sun, in the interplanetary medium, and in the Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, and atmosphere, the text focuses on the dominant features of the plasma medium under normal and extreme conditions over the European zone during the last few Solar Cycles. One of the book’s most unique features is a series of fundamental examples that offer profound insights into ionospheric climate and weather. Various approaches for acquiring and disseminating the necessary data and forecasting analyses are discussed, and interesting analogies are observed between terrestrial and space weather – both of which could produce lasting social consequences, with not only academic but also concrete economic implications. The book’s primary goal is to foster the development of ionospheric space weather products and services that are capable of satisfying the ever-growing demand for space-based technology, and are ready for the society of the not-so-distant future.