Author: EuclidPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 544
Book Description
"The book includes introductions, terminology and biographical notes, bibliography, and an index and glossary" --from book jacket.
Euclid's Elements
Author: EuclidPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 544
Book Description
"The book includes introductions, terminology and biographical notes, bibliography, and an index and glossary" --from book jacket.
The Fifth Postulate
Author: Jason Socrates BardiPublisher: Trade Paper Press
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 280
Book Description
Jason Socrates Bardi tells the story of how the reluctant discovery of the strangely parallel, triumphant, and tragic lives of János Bolyai, Carl Friedrich Gauss, and Nikolai Lobachevsky came to the same profound conclusion. It examines a world of science in which the objective quest for new truth is inhibited by blind adherence to an old, unproven postulate, mainly because of fear that, if it were untrue, everything that was known about geometry, nature, and the universe itself would have to change.--[book jacket].
Theory of Parallels
Author: Nikolaj Ivanovič LobačevskijPublisher: Independently Published
ISBN: 9781099688812
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 52
Book Description
LOBACHEVSKY was the first man ever to publish a non-Euclidean geometry. Of the immortal essay now first appearing in English Gauss said, "The author has treated the matter with a master-hand and in the true geometer's spirit. I think I ought to call your attention to this book, whose perusal cannot fail to give you the most vivid pleasure." Clifford says, "It is quite simple, merely Euclid without the vicious assumption, but the way things come out of one another is quite lovely." * * * "What Vesalius was to Galen, what Copernicus was to Ptolemy, that was Lobachevsky to Euclid." Says Sylvester, "In Quaternions the example has been given of Algebra released from the yoke of the commutative principle of multiplication - an emancipation somewhat akin to Lobachevsky's of Geometry from Euclid's noted empirical axiom." Cayley says, "It is well known that Euclid's twelfth axiom, even in Playfair's form of it, has been considered as needing demonstration; and that Lobachevsky constructed a perfectly consistent theory, where- in this axiom was assumed not to hold good, or say a system of non- Euclidean plane geometry. There is a like system of non-Euclidean solid geometry." GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED. 2407 San Marcos Street, Austin, Texas. * * * *From the TRANSLATOR'S INTRODUCTION. "Prove all things, hold fast that which is good," does not mean demonstrate everything. From nothing assumed, nothing can be proved. "Geometry without axioms," was a book which went through several editions, and still has historical value. But now a volume with such a title would, without opening it, be set down as simply the work of a paradoxer. The set of axioms far the most influential in the intellectual history of the world was put together in Egypt; but really it owed nothing to the Egyptian race, drew nothing from the boasted lore of Egypt's priests. The Papyrus of the Rhind, belonging to the British Museum, but given to the world by the erudition of a German Egyptologist, Eisenlohr, and a German historian of mathematics, Cantor, gives us more knowledge of the state of mathematics in ancient Egypt than all else previously accessible to the modern world. Its whole testimony con- firms with overwhelming force the position that Geometry as a science, strict and self-conscious deductive reasoning, was created by the subtle intellect of the same race whose bloom in art still overawes us in the Venus of Milo, the Apollo Belvidere, the Laocoon. In a geometry occur the most noted set of axioms, the geometry of Euclid, a pure Greek, professor at the University of Alexandria. Not only at its very birth did this typical product of the Greek genius assume sway as ruler in the pure sciences, not only does its first efflorescence carry us through the splendid days of Theon and Hypatia, but unlike the latter, fanatics cannot murder it; that dismal flood, the dark ages, cannot drown it. Like the phoenix of its native Egypt, it rises with the new birth of culture. An Anglo-Saxon, Adelard of Bath, finds it clothed in Arabic vestments in the land of the Alhambra. Then clothed in Latin, it and the new-born printing press confer honor on each other. Finally back again in its original Greek, it is published first in queenly Basel, then in stately Oxford. The latest edition in Greek is from Leipsic's learned presses.
A History of Non-Euclidean Geometry
Author: Boris A. RosenfeldPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441986804
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 481
Book Description
The Russian edition of this book appeared in 1976 on the hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary of the historic day of February 23, 1826, when LobaeevskiI delivered his famous lecture on his discovery of non-Euclidean geometry. The importance of the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry goes far beyond the limits of geometry itself. It is safe to say that it was a turning point in the history of all mathematics. The scientific revolution of the seventeenth century marked the transition from "mathematics of constant magnitudes" to "mathematics of variable magnitudes. " During the seventies of the last century there occurred another scientific revolution. By that time mathematicians had become familiar with the ideas of non-Euclidean geometry and the algebraic ideas of group and field (all of which appeared at about the same time), and the (later) ideas of set theory. This gave rise to many geometries in addition to the Euclidean geometry previously regarded as the only conceivable possibility, to the arithmetics and algebras of many groups and fields in addition to the arith metic and algebra of real and complex numbers, and, finally, to new mathe matical systems, i. e. , sets furnished with various structures having no classical analogues. Thus in the 1870's there began a new mathematical era usually called, until the middle of the twentieth century, the era of modern mathe matics.
The Wraparound Universe
Author: Jean-Pierre LuminetPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439864969
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 334
Book Description
What shape is the universe? Is it curved and closed in on itself? Is it expanding? Where is it headed? Could space be wrapped around itself, such that it produces ghost images of faraway galaxies? Such are the questions posed by Jean-Pierre Luminet in The Wraparound Universe, which he then addresses in clear and accessible language. An expert in bl
Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometries
Author: Marvin J. GreenbergPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Geometry
Languages : en
Pages : 400
Book Description
Who Gave You the Epsilon?
Author: Marlow AndersonPublisher: MAA
ISBN: 9780883855690
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 448
Book Description
Follows on from Sherlock Holmes in Babylon to take the history of mathematics through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Introduction to Non-Euclidean Geometry
Author: EISENREICHPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483295311
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 287
Book Description
An Introduction to Non-Euclidean Geometry covers some introductory topics related to non-Euclidian geometry, including hyperbolic and elliptic geometries. This book is organized into three parts encompassing eight chapters. The first part provides mathematical proofs of Euclid's fifth postulate concerning the extent of a straight line and the theory of parallels. The second part describes some problems in hyperbolic geometry, such as cases of parallels with and without a common perpendicular. This part also deals with horocycles and triangle relations. The third part examines single and double elliptic geometries. This book will be of great value to mathematics, liberal arts, and philosophy major students.
Geometry with an Introduction to Cosmic Topology
Author: Michael P. HitchmanPublisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN: 0763754579
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 255
Book Description
The content of Geometry with an Introduction to Cosmic Topology is motivated by questions that have ignited the imagination of stargazers since antiquity. What is the shape of the universe? Does the universe have and edge? Is it infinitely big? Dr. Hitchman aims to clarify this fascinating area of mathematics. This non-Euclidean geometry text is organized intothree natural parts. Chapter 1 provides an overview including a brief history of Geometry, Surfaces, and reasons to study Non-Euclidean Geometry. Chapters 2-7 contain the core mathematical content of the text, following the ErlangenProgram, which develops geometry in terms of a space and a group of transformations on that space. Finally chapters 1 and 8 introduce (chapter 1) and explore (chapter 8) the topic of cosmic topology through the geometry learned in the preceding chapters.
Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction
Author: Timothy GowersPublisher: Oxford Paperbacks
ISBN: 9780192853615
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 172
Book Description
The aim of this volume is to explain the differences between research-level mathematics and the maths taught at school. Most differences are philosophical and the first few chapters are about general aspects of mathematical thought.