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Author: Clarence Tshitereke Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135861935 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 258
Book Description
This book provides an analysis of the country's political economy in transition. It documents the history of the gold mining industry's involvement in shaping the political landscape of South Africa, and shows the degree to which the political transition was induced to put in place a new mode of regulation for capital accumulation. In the process, the victims of apartheid have now become victims of democracy's neo-liberalism as the government is constrained from being developmental, interventionist and redistributive.
Author: Clarence Tshitereke Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135861935 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 258
Book Description
This book provides an analysis of the country's political economy in transition. It documents the history of the gold mining industry's involvement in shaping the political landscape of South Africa, and shows the degree to which the political transition was induced to put in place a new mode of regulation for capital accumulation. In the process, the victims of apartheid have now become victims of democracy's neo-liberalism as the government is constrained from being developmental, interventionist and redistributive.
Author: Mr.Jonathan David Ostry Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1484397657 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
The Fund has recognized in recent years that one cannot separate issues of economic growth and stability on one hand and equality on the other. Indeed, there is a strong case for considering inequality and an inability to sustain economic growth as two sides of the same coin. Central to the Fund’s mandate is providing advice that will enable members’ economies to grow on a sustained basis. But the Fund has rightly been cautious about recommending the use of redistributive policies given that such policies may themselves undercut economic efficiency and the prospects for sustained growth (the so-called “leaky bucket” hypothesis written about by the famous Yale economist Arthur Okun in the 1970s). This SDN follows up the previous SDN on inequality and growth by focusing on the role of redistribution. It finds that, from the perspective of the best available macroeconomic data, there is not a lot of evidence that redistribution has in fact undercut economic growth (except in extreme cases). One should be careful not to assume therefore—as Okun and others have—that there is a big tradeoff between redistribution and growth. The best available macroeconomic data do not support such a conclusion.
Author: Samuel Bowles Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107014034 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
Incorporating the latest results from behavioral economics and microeconomic theory, Samuel Bowles argues that conventional economics has mistakenly presented inequality as the price of progress. In place of this view, he offers a novel and optimistic account of the possibility of a more just economy.
Author: Diego Sánchez-Ancochea Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 1838606254 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
From the United States to the United Kingdom and from China to India, growing inequality has led to social discontent and the emergence of populist parties, also contributing to economic crises. We urgently need a better understanding of the roots and costs of these income gaps. The Costs of Inequality draws on the experience of Latin America, one of the most unequal regions of the world, to demonstrate how inequality has hampered economic growth, contributed to a lack of good jobs, weakened democracy, and led to social divisions and mistrust. In turn, low growth, exclusionary politics, violence and social mistrust have reinforced inequality, generating various vicious circles. Latin America thus provides a disturbing image of what the future may hold in other countries if we do not act quickly. It also provides some useful lessons on how to fight income concentration and build more equitable societies.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264044191 Category : Languages : en Pages : 312
Book Description
This report provides evidence of a fairly generalised increase in income inequality over the past two decades across OECD countries, but the timing, intensity and causes of the increase differ from what is typically suggested in the media.
Author: Samuel Bowles Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139536567 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
Economists warn that policies to level the economic playing field come with a hefty price tag. But this so-called 'equality-efficiency trade-off' has proven difficult to document. The data suggest, instead, that the extraordinary levels of economic inequality now experienced in many economies are detrimental to the economy. Moreover, recent economic experiments and other evidence confirm that most citizens are committed to fairness and are willing to sacrifice to help those less fortunate than themselves. Incorporating the latest results from behavioral economics and the new microeconomics of credit and labor markets, Bowles shows that escalating economic disparity is not the unavoidable price of progress. Rather it is policy choice - often a very costly one. Here drawing on his experience both as a policy advisor and an academic economist, he offers an alternative direction, a novel and optimistic account of a more just and better working economy.
Author: Ms.Era Dabla-Norris Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513547437 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513567756 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
The sizeable increase in income inequality experienced in advanced economies and many parts of the world since the 1990s and the severe consequences of the global economic and financial crisis have brought distributional issues to the top of the policy agenda. The challenge for many governments is to address concerns over rising inequality while simultaneously promoting economic efficiency and more robust economic growth. The book delves into this discussion by analyzing fiscal policy and its link with inequality. Fiscal policy is the government’s most powerful tool for addressing inequality. It affects households ‘consumption directly (through taxes and transfers) and indirectly (via incentives for work and production and the provision of public goods and individual services such as education and health). An important message of the book is that growth and equity are not necessarily at odds; with the appropriate mix of policy instruments and careful policy design, countries can in many cases achieve better distributional outcomes and improve economic efficiency. Country studies (on the Netherlands, China, India, Republic of Congo, and Brazil) demonstrate the diversity of challenges across countries and their differing capacity to use fiscal policy for redistribution. The analysis presented in the book builds on and extends work done at the IMF, and also includes contributions from leading academics.
Author: Angela L. Bos Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 113483120X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
The Political Psychology of Women in U.S. Politics is a comprehensive resource for students, researchers, and practitioners interested in women and politics. Highly original and drawing from the best available research in psychology and political science, this book is designed to summarize and extend interdisciplinary research that addresses how and why men and women differ as citizens, as political candidates, and as officeholders. The chapters in this volume are focused on differences in the political behavior and perceptions of men and women, yet the chapters also speak to broader topics within American politics – including political socialization, opinion formation, candidate emergence, and voting behavior. Broadly, this volume addresses the causes and consequences of women’s underrepresentation in American government. This book is the ideal resource for students and researchers of all levels interested in understanding the unique political experiences of diverse women, and the importance of rectifying the problem of gender disparities in American politics.
Author: Clarence Tshitereke
Author: Clarence Tshitereke
Author: Mr.Jonathan David Ostry
Author: Samuel Bowles
Author: Diego Sánchez-Ancochea
Author: OECD
Author: Samuel Bowles
Author: Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Author: International Monetary Fund
Author: Angela L. Bos