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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
The Epithermal Neutron Multiplicity Counter (ENMC) and the associated Advanced Multiplicity Shift register (AMSR) electronics package, developed at Los Alamos under the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Safeguards and Security Technology Development Program, was evaluated at the Hanford Plutonium Finishing Plant earlier this year. Initial demonstration measurements involved Hanford facility personnel and two International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors who measured selected IAEA standards and items the IAEA had experienced problems with previously. Items were measured in the ENMC and also in the Plutonium Scrap Multiplicity Counter (PSMC), which belongs to the IAEA but is also used by the facility. Each item was measured for 15 minutes. The Pu mass ranged from 250 to 1700 g. Alpha (the ratio of alpha, n to spontaneous fission neutrons) ranged from 0.5 to (almost equal to)15. In all cases, the precision of the ENMC measurements was far superior to that of the PSMC and provided 8.3 to 42.5 faster measurements, with the larger factors coming from the high-alpha items. The seven IAEA standards had alpha values ranging from 0.5 to 13, and the average bias was 0.75% with a standard deviation of 3.18% for the ENMC. The mean bias for the PSMC measurements is 4.02% with a standard deviation of 8.27%. In addition, the ENMC was used to assay 17 process residues with alpha values ranging from 2 to 20. The facility and the IAEA were impressed with the performance of the ENMC, and the facility is attempting to procure a unit for its use. The IAEA would also like to use the ENMC for its inspections once the facility has acquired the device.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
The Epithermal Neutron Multiplicity Counter (ENMC) and the associated Advanced Multiplicity Shift register (AMSR) electronics package, developed at Los Alamos under the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Safeguards and Security Technology Development Program, was evaluated at the Hanford Plutonium Finishing Plant earlier this year. Initial demonstration measurements involved Hanford facility personnel and two International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors who measured selected IAEA standards and items the IAEA had experienced problems with previously. Items were measured in the ENMC and also in the Plutonium Scrap Multiplicity Counter (PSMC), which belongs to the IAEA but is also used by the facility. Each item was measured for 15 minutes. The Pu mass ranged from 250 to 1700 g. Alpha (the ratio of alpha, n to spontaneous fission neutrons) ranged from 0.5 to (almost equal to)15. In all cases, the precision of the ENMC measurements was far superior to that of the PSMC and provided 8.3 to 42.5 faster measurements, with the larger factors coming from the high-alpha items. The seven IAEA standards had alpha values ranging from 0.5 to 13, and the average bias was 0.75% with a standard deviation of 3.18% for the ENMC. The mean bias for the PSMC measurements is 4.02% with a standard deviation of 8.27%. In addition, the ENMC was used to assay 17 process residues with alpha values ranging from 2 to 20. The facility and the IAEA were impressed with the performance of the ENMC, and the facility is attempting to procure a unit for its use. The IAEA would also like to use the ENMC for its inspections once the facility has acquired the device.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
Neutron multiplicity counting is a maturing technology. It has been implemented at many facilities to address the increasing need to rapidly measure impure plutonium bearing materials. At Hanford Site and Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, multiplicity counting has also been used with excellent results by the International Atomic Energy Agency to verify excess plutonium inventories now under their safeguards. Neutron multiplicity counting as currently implemented, however, will not address all forms of impure plutonium. Materials containing large concentrations of matrix elements like fluorine and beryllium cannot be assayed successfully without extremely long count times. Assays of compact plutonium metals and oxides having a large uranium concentration relative to their plutonium content tend to bias low because of a breakdown in the theoretical model now used to translate the measured multiplicity distributions to plutonium mass. In this paper, the authors will discuss the most recent efforts to extend the range of materials that can be measured successfully with thermal neutron multiplicity counting and a use of multiplicity counting to detect sample changes during long-term storage.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
The US Nonproliferation and Export Control Policy commits the US to placing under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards excess nuclear materials no longer needed for the US nuclear deterrent. As of January 1,1996, the IAEA has completed Initial Physical Inventory Verification (IPIV) at the Oak Ridge Y-12 plant, the Hanford Plutonium Finishing Plant, and a plutonium storage vault at Rock Flats. Two IPIVs were performed at Hanford . This paper reports the results of thermal neutron multiplicity assay of plutonium residues during the second IPIV at Hanford. Using the Three Ring Multiplicity Counter (3RMC), measurements were performed on 69 individual cans of plutonium residues, each containing approximately 1 kg of material. Of the 69 items, 67 passed the IAEA acceptance criteria and two were selected for destructive analysis.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Power resources Languages : en Pages : 806
Book Description
Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Author: Michael J. Welch Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780471495604 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 872
Book Description
A comprehensive, authoritative and up-to-date reference for the newcomer to radiopharmaceuticals and those already in the field. Radiopharmaceuticals are used to detect and characterise disease processes, or normal biological function, in living cells, animals or humans. Used as tracer molecules, they map the distribution, uptake and metabolism of the molecule in clinical studies, basic research or applied research. The area of radiopharmaceuticals is expanding rapidly. The number of PET centers in the world is increasing at 20% per year, and many drug companies are utilising PET and other forms of radiopharmaceutical imaging to evaluate products. * Readers will find coverage on a number of important topics such as radionuclide production, PET and drug development, and regulations * Explains how to use radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer and other diseases * The editors and a majority of the contributors are from the United States
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Author: Michael J. Welch
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