The Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Salts in Health and Disease PDF Download

Author: Christian Victor Hulzebos
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789064648854
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 163

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Author: Kenneth Willoughby Heaton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 272

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Author: L. Barbara
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400966164
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 137

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During the 7th International Bile Acid meeting held in Cortina d'Ampezzo. , Italy, during March 1982, there were two important Workshops dealing with recent advances in two areas of bile acid metabolism - Serum Bile Acids i,n Health and Disease and The Pathophysiology of the Enterohepatic Circulation. These Workshops complemented the broad range of topics in bile acid metabolism which were presented formally as part of a Postgraduate Course. The proceedings of these formal presentations have already been pub lished by MTP Press under the title Bile Acids in Gastroenterology but in view of the exciting, important, new information which emerged during both Workshops, the organisers of the meeting felt that it would be valuable to record and edit the proceedings of the Work shops, which form the basis of this volume. The advent of new techniques for measurement of total and indi vidual bile acids in serum now means that accurate and reliable 7 PREFACE measurements of bile acids in peripheral circulation are available to all. This has resulted in a veritable explosion of information in the serum bile acid field and, therefore, the appearance of a critical evalu ation of the technical and basic scientific and clinical aspects of measuring serum bile acids is indeed timely.

Author: T.C. Northfield
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400912498
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 316

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Bile acids occupy a central position in in the absorption, excretion and metab olism of lipids within the body. Our understanding of their unique properties has illuminated many biochemical and biophysical processes. Animals have evolved a unique system of preserving these important detergent-like molecules within the body and reusing them many times - the enterohepatic circulation. Disorders of the enterohepatic circulation contribute to a correspondingly wide range of diseases, and recent developments have centred in particular on cholesterol gallstone disease and bile acid diarrhoea. Successful manage ment of these diseases is increasingly based on an understanding of the physicochemical and biochemical properties of bile acids, and of their pathophysiological role in disease. Professor Alan Hofmann starts this book with an overview of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. The first section then discusses biliary lipid synthesis, transport and secretion by the liver and the solubilisation of cholesterol in the bile. The next section applies this knowledge to the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. Separate chapters focus on defects in biliary lipid secretion, in cholesterol solubilisation and in gallbladder motility. The succeeding sections then review posssible approaches to gallstone prevention, and assess recent developments in non-surgical forms oftreatment. Two exciting new therapies that receive particular attention are contact dissolution therapy with methyl tert-butyl ether and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Further sections turn to the absorptive functions of bile acids in health.

Author: G.P. van Berge Henegouwen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792387688
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 364

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Beginning in 1970, the International Bile Acid Meeting has taken place every two years and each time new progress in our understanding of the complex role of bile acids in many metabolic processes of the liver and the intestine has been revealed by a selected group of leading scientists from all over the world. Although originally mainly physiological data on bile acid synthesis and transport were emphasized, and later on also the therapeutic benefit of bile acids in gallstone disease and cholestasis was discovered, we have come now to the molecular biology and genetic era with major discoveries in transport defects and related diseases. This book is the proceedings of Falk Symposium No. 120, held in The Hague, The Netherlands, on October 12-13, 2000 - the 16th International Bile Acid Meeting. One of the main discoveries recently has been the identification of nuclear receptors for bile acids, which gives them a much broader perspective than previously anticipated. It even suggests that bile acids can regulate their biosynthesis and enterohepatic circulation transcriptionally. It will therefore not be surprising that this topic, together with the molecular regulation of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and cholesterol homeostasis, has a dominant place in these proceedings. Another important topic is the progress in our molecular understanding of hepatic (both at the basolateral and canalicular sites), cholangiocytic and intestinal bile acid transport processes. Further insights into genetic defects causing cholestasis or intestinal malabsorption in animal models and in human diseases are also discussed by a number of well-known authors. Finally the last section deals with new findings on the role of bile acid therapy in cholestatic syndromes or chemoprevention and with the potential benefit of bile acid inhibitors. All contributors provide an update on the most recent developments in their field.

Author: G. Paumgartner
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 428

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Author: P.S. Randall
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642463142
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 509

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Part 3 of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (Concepts in Biochem ical Pharmacology) applies the principles enunciated in Parts 1 and 2 to clinical pharmacology and toxicology. The major objective is to elucidate the many factors that determine the relationships between pharmacokinetic aspects of the disposition and metabolism of drugs and their therapeutic or toxic actions in man. Because of the more restricted information obtainable in human studies, this volume reflects the editors' bias that an understanding of pharmacokinetics is fundamental for assessing pharmacologic or toxicologic effects of drugs in humans. The first chapter is a unique primer on when to apply and how to use pharmaco kinetic tools in human pharmacology. The second chapter explains the general assumptions underlying pharmacokinetic approaches both in simple terms for the novice and in mathematical form for the more sophisticated reader. Several chapters on determinants of drug concentration and activity discuss drug absorption, drug latentiation, drugs acting through metabolites, entero hepatic drug circulation, influence of route of drug administration on response, genetic variations in drug disposition and response, age differences in absorption, distribution and excretion of drugs, and pathologic and physiologic factors affecting absorption, distribution and excretion of drugs and drug response. The focus of these chapters is data obtained in human, rather than animal, studies. Most of the chapters contain new material never summarized previously.

Author: P. Nair
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146157563X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238

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The first two volumes of this series addressed themselves to the chemistry, physiology, and metabolism of the bile acids. The present volume is devoted to the pathophysiology of bile acids. As the role of bile acids in health and disease is being increasingly recognized, we have chosen for discussion a wide range of topics of current importance. The presence of bile acids in brain tissue and their possible role in demyelinating diseases form the subject of a provocative discussion. As an extension of this theme, the presence and quantification of bile acids in extrahepatic tissues is the subject of one chapter. The pathophysiological implications of bile acids at the macromolecular level is highlighted by a chapter on the influence of bile salts on the activity of various enzymes. The general area of hepatobiliary diseases is discussed in two chapters: one describes changes in bile salt metabolism in liver diseases and the other focuses on cholesterol gallstones and their formation and dissolution. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis has been shown to entail a defect in bile acid and sterol metabolism, and this metabolic error is the subject of an illuminating exposition. There is presently a concerted research effort being brought to bear on the causes of colon cancer, and one important aspect of this work centers on bile acid metabolism. Aspects of bile acid metabolism and cancer are the subject of two chapters. And finally, the role of dietary fiber in bile acid metabolism is updated.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 860

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Author: Roni Feline Kunst
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789493278721
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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"Bile salts are synthesized in the liver and temporarily stored in the gall bladder, before they are released in the small intestine upon food intake. Here, they help with the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. The enterohepatic circulation is the circulation of bile salts from the liver to the gall bladder, the small intestine and back to the liver via the portal vein. The enterohepatic circulation is fully dependent on the presence of multiple bile salt transporters. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is the main hepatic bile salt uptake transporter, while the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is expressed in the small intestine and kidneys, where it prevents bile salts from being secreted in respectively feces and urine. During cholestasis, bile flow from the liver towards the small intestine is disturbed or completely blocked, causing severe liver damage when left untreated. Current treatment strategies are not always effective, and are associated with unwanted side-effects such as diarrhea. In this thesis, we explore new therapeutic strategies involving bile salt transport and signalling, to improve liver health in cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis (PPC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) and Alagille syndrome but also metabolic liver diseases such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatohepatitis (MASH)."--