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Author: I.R. Phillips Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642664962 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 47
Book Description
The primates represent a diverse group with the phylogenetic relationships of the var ious species reflected in their early embryonic development. The members of the Tupaiidae, Lemuridae and Lorisidae show great similarities to the lower mammals and even birds. The Tarsiidae represent an intermediate step and the Platyrrhini and Catarrhini exhibit the greatest similarities to man. During the period of embryogenesis, the dimensions of an embryo are insufficient guide to its age and much more reliable information can be derived from a study of its external form and internal structure. Examination of embryological specimens from a variety of simian species dates back to the early 1900's but much of this material was collected in a haphazard way from animals shot in the wild. Heuser and Streeter (1941) depicted a series of embryos of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and correlated their gestational age with external form and size. Streeter (1951) arranged human em bryos, between 24. ± 1 and 47. ± 1 days of post-ovulation age, into age groups or devel opmental horizons based on their external form and internal structure. Each horizon was two days apart and numbered XI to XXIII. The transition from embryo to fetus occurred at the end of horizon XXIII and was arbitrarily dermed as the point where bone marrow invaded the cartilaginous precursor in the humerus. The earlier stages I-X have been dermed subsequently, (Heuser and Corner, 1957; O'Rahilly, 1973).
Author: I.R. Phillips Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642664962 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 47
Book Description
The primates represent a diverse group with the phylogenetic relationships of the var ious species reflected in their early embryonic development. The members of the Tupaiidae, Lemuridae and Lorisidae show great similarities to the lower mammals and even birds. The Tarsiidae represent an intermediate step and the Platyrrhini and Catarrhini exhibit the greatest similarities to man. During the period of embryogenesis, the dimensions of an embryo are insufficient guide to its age and much more reliable information can be derived from a study of its external form and internal structure. Examination of embryological specimens from a variety of simian species dates back to the early 1900's but much of this material was collected in a haphazard way from animals shot in the wild. Heuser and Streeter (1941) depicted a series of embryos of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and correlated their gestational age with external form and size. Streeter (1951) arranged human em bryos, between 24. ± 1 and 47. ± 1 days of post-ovulation age, into age groups or devel opmental horizons based on their external form and internal structure. Each horizon was two days apart and numbered XI to XXIII. The transition from embryo to fetus occurred at the end of horizon XXIII and was arbitrarily dermed as the point where bone marrow invaded the cartilaginous precursor in the humerus. The earlier stages I-X have been dermed subsequently, (Heuser and Corner, 1957; O'Rahilly, 1973).
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309488516 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 123
Book Description
The marmoset, a type of small monkey native to South America, is a research model of increasing importance for biomedical research in the United States and globally. Marmosets offer a range of advantages as animal models in neuroscience, aging, infectious diseases, and other fields of study. They may be particularly useful for the development of new disease models using genetic engineering and assisted reproductive technologies. However, concerns have been voiced with respect to the development of new marmoset-based models of disease, ethical considerations for their use, the supply of marmosets available for research, and gaps in guidance for their care and management. To explore and address these concerns, the Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use hosted a public workshop on October 22-23, 2018, in Washington, DC. The workshop focused on the availability of marmosets in the United States and abroad; animal welfare and ethical considerations stemming from the use of wildtype and genetically modified marmosets; and standards of housing and care, dietary needs, and feeding requirements for marmosets in captivity. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Author: Robert P. Marini Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012811830X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 572
Book Description
The Common Marmoset in Captivity and Biomedical Research is the first text dedicated exclusively to this species,filling an urgent need for an encyclopedic compilation of the existing information. Sponsored by the AmericanCollege of Laboratory Animal Medicine as part of its authoritative Blue Book series, the book covers the biology,management, diseases, and clinical and research applications of this important species. The common marmoset(Callithrix jacchus) has come of age in the scientific community as a behaviorally complex, cognitively advanced,small, prolific, and easily maintained nonhuman primate with many of the advantages of larger animals, such asmacaques, but without the attendant physical and zoonotic risks. Marmosets are currently being used in diverse areas of inquiry, including vision and auditory research, infectious disease, cognitive neuroscience, behavior, reproductive biology, toxicology and drug development, and aging. Themarmoset genome has been sequenced and there is currently an intensive effort to apply gene editing technologies to the species. The creation of transgenic marmosets will provide researchers with a small nonhuman primatemodel to study a number of poorly understood disorders, like autism. - Presents a complete view of the marmoset, covering their biology and management, diseases and clinical applications, and research applications - Includes contributions from renowned and international authors and editors - Provides the first authoritative and comprehensive treatment of marmosets in biomedical research as part of the ACLAM Series
Author: J.P. Hearn Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400973225 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 219
Book Description
The New World primates are becoming widely used in scientific and medical work in fields from anthropology to zoology, behaviour to urology. They have unique attributes for studies in cancer, infectious diseases, genetics, virology and reproduction. However, it is only now that their reproductive physiology is being clarified in any depth and this book is a first synthesis of that knowledge. The nine authors involved in this project have presented an up to date account of the major New World species used in biological and medical science. In addition to their distribution and conservation in the wild, essential biological data from laboratory studies are presented on reproductive cycles, gestation length, seasonal breeding, puberty and other factors. The major applications of these species in research are explored. Whenever possible, research workers should steer away from using endangered species in their studies. The New World monkeys used in research in any numbers are still fairly common ~n the wild, yet their greatest advantages are ~n their smalle size and high fecundity. This makes possible the establishment of self sustaining captive breeding colonies at a fraction of the time and cost necessary for the more conventional Old World laboratory primates. Consequently the drain on wild stocks need not be extensive as only breeding nuclei should be necessary.
Author: Joerg Bluemel Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012417146X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 716
Book Description
The Nonhuman Primate in Drug Development and Safety Assessment is a valuable reference dedicated to compiling the latest research on nonhuman primate models in nonclinical safety assessment, regulatory toxicity testing and translational science. By covering important topics such as study planning and conduct, inter-species genetic drift, pathophysiology, animal welfare legislation, safety assessment of biologics and small molecules, immunotoxicology and much more, this book provides scientific and technical insights to help you safely and successfully use nonhuman primates in pharmaceutical toxicity testing. A comprehensive yet practical guide, this book is intended for new researchers or practicing toxicologists, toxicologic pathologists and pharmaceutical scientists working with nonhuman primates, as well as graduate students preparing for careers in this area. - Covers important topics such as species selection, study design, experimental methodologies, animal welfare and the 3Rs (Replace, Refine and Reduce), social housing, regulatory guidelines, comparative physiology, reproductive biology, genetic polymorphisms and more - Includes practical examples on techniques and methods to guide your daily practice - Offers a companion website with high-quality color illustrations, reference values for safety assessment and additional practical information such as study design considerations, techniques and procedures and dosing and sampling volumes
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309676681 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 155
Book Description
Because of the recent advances in embryo modeling techniques, and at the request of the Office of Science Policy in the Office of the Director at the National Institutes of Health, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, hosted a 1-day public workshop that would explore the state of the science of mammalian embryo model systems. The workshop, which took place on January 17, 2020, featured a combination of presentations, panels, and general discussions, during which panelists and participants offered a broad range of perspectives. Participants considered whether embryo model systems - especially those that use nonhuman primate cells - can be used to predict the function of systems made with human cells. Presentations provided an overview of the current state of the science of in vitro development of human trophoblast. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.
Author: Thomas Burbacher Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080554067 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 480
Book Description
The rate of neurodevelopmental disabilities, including autism, mental retardation, hearing loss and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is rising in the United States. Although estimates of the prevalence of these disorders vary, figures from the CDC indicate that 4% of all school age children are developmentally disabled. During infancy, many important milestones in behavioral development are shared between human and nonhuman primates. Learning more about the causes of abnormal development in monkeys has provided important insights into the mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disabilities in human infants. This book documents the latest research not commonly found in other references, and provides a comprehensive look at the results from decades of work with nonhuman primates as it relates to child development and disability. Includes hot topics such as early chemical exposures, immunological influences on development, low birth weight, endocrine disrupters, pediatric AIDS, origin of childhood psychopathologies and assisted reproductive technology Represents the significant body of work accumulated since funding for research on developmental disabilities has increased substantially in recent years
Author: P.H. Vogt Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN: 3318060984 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 190
Book Description
Infertility affects more than one in ten couples worldwide and is related to highly heterogeneous pathologies sometimes only discernible in the germ line. Its complex etiology often, but not always, includes genetic factors besides anatomical defects, immunological interference, and environmental aspects. Nearly 30% of infertility cases are probably caused only by genetic defects. Thereby experimental animal knockout models convincingly show that infertility can be caused by single or multiple gene defects. Translating those basic research findings into clinical studies is challenging, leaving genetic causes for the vast majority of infertility patients unexplained. Nevertheless, a large number of candidate genes have been revealed by sophisticated molecular methods. This book provides a comprehensive overview on the subject of infertility written by the leading authorities in this field. It covers topics including basic biological, cytological, and molecular studies, as well as common and uncommon syndromes. It is a must-read for human geneticists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists, zoologists, and counsellors in human genetics, infertility, and assisted reproduction.
Author: H. Butler Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351086839 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
For the convenience of research workers, particularly those with limited knowledge of embryology, we have put together a series of tables to enable rapid identification of specific stages of embryonic development in the more commonly used mammals. Because if its frequent usage the chick embryo is included this atlas.
Author: I.R. Phillips
Author: I.R. Phillips
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Robert P. Marini
Author: J.P. Hearn
Author: Joerg Bluemel
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Thomas Burbacher
Author: P.H. Vogt
Author: Ian Richard Phillips
Author: H. Butler