Author: Phillip Anthony WeeksPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Human information processing
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Book Description
The Effects of Scene Context on Perceptual Encoding
Author: Phillip Anthony WeeksPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Human information processing
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Book Description
Elements of Scene Perception
Author: Monica S. CastelhanoPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108924891
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Book Description
Visual cognitive processes have traditionally been examined with simplified stimuli, but generalization of these processes to the real-world is not always straightforward. Using images, computer-generated images, and virtual environments, researchers have examined processing of visual information in the real-world. Although referred to as scene perception, this research field encompasses many aspects of scene processing. Beyond the perception of visual features, scene processing is fundamentally influenced and constrained by semantic information as well as spatial layout and spatial associations with objects. In this review, we will present recent advances in how scene processing occurs within a few seconds of exposure, how scene information is retained in the long-term, and how different tasks affect attention in scene processing. By considering the characteristics of real-world scenes, as well as different time windows of processing, we can develop a fuller appreciation for the research that falls under the wider umbrella of scene processing.
Eye Guidance in Reading and Scene Perception
Author: G. UnderwoodPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080506232
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 481
Book Description
The distinguished contributors to this volume have been set the problem of describing how we know where to move our eyes. There is a great deal of current interest in the use of eye movement recordings to investigate various mental processes. The common theme is that variations in eye movements indicate variations in the processing of what is being perceived, whether in reading, driving or scene perception. However, a number of problems of interpretation are now emerging, and this edited volume sets out to address these problems. The book investigates controversies concerning the variations in eye movements associated with reading ability, concerning the extent to which text is used by the guidance mechanism while reading, concerning the relationship between eye movements and the control of other body movements, the relationship between what is inspected and what is perceived, and concerning the role of visual control attention in the acquisition of complex perceptual-motor skills, in addition to the nature of the guidance mechanism itself. The origins of the volume are in discussions held at a meeting of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology (ESCOP) that was held in Wurzburg in September 1996. The discussions concerned the landing effect in reading, an effect, that if substantiated, would provide evidence of the use of parafoveal information in eye guidance, and these discussions were explored in more detail at a small meeting in Chamonix, in February 1997. Many of the contributors to this volume were present at the meeting, but the arguments were not resolved in Chamonix either. Other leaders in the field were invited to contribute to the discussion, and this volume is the product. The argument remains unresolved, but the problem is certainly clearer.
Perceptual Encoding and the Stimulus Probability Effect
Author: Randall Stephen HansenPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Perception
Languages : en
Pages : 136
Book Description
Measuring the Perceptual and Mnemonic Effect of Contextual Information on Individual Item Representation
Author: Yong Min ChoiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Psychophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
When encountered with multiple objects distributed across a visual scene, the visual system encodes not only the representation of the individual item but also the contextual information of surrounding items. While studies have shown either attractive or repulsive effects of contextual information on individual item representation, whether the observed contextual effect occurs at perception or during the memory retention period remains unclear. Here, we used a modified version of the size comparison task to test the perceptual and mnemonic effect of contextual information on individual size representation. In each trial, participants reported the larger one between the two circles presented sequentially. One of the two circles was presented with task-irrelevant circles of varying sizes (reference circle) while the other circle was presented in isolation (test circle). The reference circle was presented either before (Memory bias condition) or after (Perceptual bias condition) the presentation of the test circle. Since participants had to make a decision as soon as the second circle disappears, the perceptual bias condition measured the contextual bias with minimal involvement of the mnemonic process. In a series of experiments, we found robust repulsion bias away from the group sizes at the perceptual encoding phase (Experiments 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, and 3). Moreover, we found the effect of the memory retention period on contextual effect in a form of reduced repulsion bias only when the target circle was larger than the mean size (Experiment 2C) or when the number of set-size was high (Experiment 3). To summarize, there was robust perceptual repulsion bias away from the contextual information and tentative evidence for the mnemonic attraction bias on top of the perceptual bias. The current study showed both perceptual and mnemonic processes responsible for the effect of contextual information, and the utility of the modified comparison task in investigating the source of representational bias.
Perceptual Coding
Author: Edward C. CarterettePublisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 1483276228
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 449
Book Description
Handbook of Perception, Volume VIII: Perceptual Coding covers perceptual coding of space, time, and objects, including sensory memory systems and the relations between verbal and perceptual codes. This volume contains contributions that focus on such subjects as the compound eye; the problems of the perceptual constancies and of intersensory coordination in perceptual development; the visual perception of objects in space; and perception of motion. Topics on the perception of color, the representation of temporal, auditory, and haptic perception; and the relationship between verbal and perceptual codes are discussed in detail as well. This book will be of use to psychologists, biologists, and those interested in the study of perceptual codes.
Scene Vision
Author: Kestutis KveragaPublisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 026231990X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 339
Book Description
Cutting-edge research on the visual cognition of scenes, covering issues that include spatial vision, context, emotion, attention, memory, and neural mechanisms underlying scene representation. For many years, researchers have studied visual recognition with objects—single, clean, clear, and isolated objects, presented to subjects at the center of the screen. In our real environment, however, objects do not appear so neatly. Our visual world is a stimulating scenery mess; fragments, colors, occlusions, motions, eye movements, context, and distraction all affect perception. In this volume, pioneering researchers address the visual cognition of scenes from neuroimaging, psychology, modeling, electrophysiology, and computer vision perspectives. Building on past research—and accepting the challenge of applying what we have learned from the study of object recognition to the visual cognition of scenes—these leading scholars consider issues of spatial vision, context, rapid perception, emotion, attention, memory, and the neural mechanisms underlying scene representation. Taken together, their contributions offer a snapshot of our current knowledge of how we understand scenes and the visual world around us. Contributors Elissa M. Aminoff, Moshe Bar, Margaret Bradley, Daniel I. Brooks, Marvin M. Chun, Ritendra Datta, Russell A. Epstein, Michèle Fabre-Thorpe, Elena Fedorovskaya, Jack L. Gallant, Helene Intraub, Dhiraj Joshi, Kestutis Kveraga, Peter J. Lang, Jia Li Xin Lu, Jiebo Luo, Quang-Tuan Luong, George L. Malcolm, Shahin Nasr, Soojin Park, Mary C. Potter, Reza Rajimehr, Dean Sabatinelli, Philippe G. Schyns, David L. Sheinberg, Heida Maria Sigurdardottir, Dustin Stansbury, Simon Thorpe, Roger Tootell, James Z. Wang
Eye Movement Research
Author: J.M. FindlayPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080531547
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 583
Book Description
This volume contains selected and edited papers from the 7th European Conference on Eye Movements (ECEM 7) held in Durham, UK on August 31-September 3 1993. The volume is organized as follows:- Invited Lectures, Pursuit and Co-Ordination, Saccade and Fixation Control, Oculomotor Physiology, Clinical and Medical Aspects of Eye Movements, Eye Movements and Cognition, Eye Movements and Language and finally, Displays and Applications.
Real World Scene Perception
Author: John M. HendersonPublisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9781138873278
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The current volume, a special issue of Visual Cognition, brings together an eclectic group of investigators, all of whom study critical issues in the perception of true real-world scenes. Topics include the rapid acquisition of scene gist; scene recognition; spatial layout and spatial scale; distance perception in scenes; updating of scene views over time; visual search for meaningful objects in scenes; scene context effects on object perception; scene representation in memory; the allocation of attention including eye fixations during scene viewing; and the neural implementation of these representations and processes in the brain. Because the study of real-world scene perception benefits from an interdisciplinary approach, contributors to the volume use a variety of research methods including psychophysical and behavioral techniques, eyetracking, functional neuroimaging (including fMRI and ERP), and mathematical and computational modeling. While much has been learned from studying simplified visual stimuli, many of the articles in this volume make the important point that understanding the functional and neural architectures of the visual system requires studying how that system operates when faced with the types of real-world stimuli that evolution crafted it to handle.
Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition
Author: Timothy L. HubbardPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107154987
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 505
Book Description
Numerous spatial biases influence navigation, interactions, and preferences in our environment. This volume considers their influences on perception and memory.