The Effects of Mandatory Seatbelt Laws on Seatbelt Use, Motor Vehicle Fatalities, and Crash-related Injuries Among Youths PDF Download
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Author: Christopher Scott Carpenter Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobiles Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
"We provide the first comprehensive assessment of the effects of mandatory seatbelt laws on self-reported seatbelt use, highway fatalities, and crash-related injuries among high school age youths using data from the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) national, state, and local Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) from 1991 to 2005, a period spanning over 20 changes in state seatbelt laws. Our quasi-experimental approaches isolate the independent effects of seatbelt laws net of demographic characteristics, area and year fixed effects, and smooth area-specific trends. Across all data sources, we find consistent evidence that state mandatory seatbelt laws -- particularly those permitting primary enforcement -- significantly increased seatbelt use among high school age youths by 45-80 percent, primarily at the extensive margin. Unlike previous research for adults, however, we find evidence against the selective recruitment hypothesis: seatbelt laws had consistently larger effects on those most likely to be involved in traffic accidents (drinkers, alcohol-involved drivers). We also find that mandatory seatbelt laws significantly reduced traffic fatalities and serious injuries resulting from fatal crashes by 8 and 9 percent, respectively. Our results suggest that if all states had primary enforcement seatbelt laws then regular youth seatbelt use would be nearly universal and youth fatalities would fall by about 120 per year"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Author: Christopher Scott Carpenter Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobiles Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
"We provide the first comprehensive assessment of the effects of mandatory seatbelt laws on self-reported seatbelt use, highway fatalities, and crash-related injuries among high school age youths using data from the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) national, state, and local Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) from 1991 to 2005, a period spanning over 20 changes in state seatbelt laws. Our quasi-experimental approaches isolate the independent effects of seatbelt laws net of demographic characteristics, area and year fixed effects, and smooth area-specific trends. Across all data sources, we find consistent evidence that state mandatory seatbelt laws -- particularly those permitting primary enforcement -- significantly increased seatbelt use among high school age youths by 45-80 percent, primarily at the extensive margin. Unlike previous research for adults, however, we find evidence against the selective recruitment hypothesis: seatbelt laws had consistently larger effects on those most likely to be involved in traffic accidents (drinkers, alcohol-involved drivers). We also find that mandatory seatbelt laws significantly reduced traffic fatalities and serious injuries resulting from fatal crashes by 8 and 9 percent, respectively. Our results suggest that if all states had primary enforcement seatbelt laws then regular youth seatbelt use would be nearly universal and youth fatalities would fall by about 120 per year"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Author: David Shinar Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing ISBN: 1787146332 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 1262
Book Description
This comprehensive 2nd edition covers the key issues that relate human behavior to traffic safety. In particular it covers the increasing roles that pedestrians and cyclists have in the traffic system; the role of infotainment in driver distraction; and the increasing role of driver assistance systems in changing the driver-vehicle interaction.
Author: M. V. L. R. Anjaneyulu Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 981192273X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 903
Book Description
The book presents the select proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Transportation Systems Engineering and Management (CTSEM 2021). The book covers topics pertaining to three broad areas of transportation engineering, namely Transportation Planning, Traffic Engineering and Pavement Technology. The topics covered include transportation and land use, urban and regional transportation planning, travel behavior modeling, travel demand analysis, forecasting and management, transportation and ICT, public transport planning and management, freight transport, traffic flow modeling and management, highway design and maintenance, capacity and level of service, traffic crashes and safety, ITS and applications, non-motorized transportation, transportation economics and policy, road and parking pricing, pedestrian facilities and safety, road asset management, pavement materials and characterization, pavement design and construction, pavement evaluation and management, transportation infrastructure financing, innovative trends in transportation systems, sustainable transportation, smart cities, resilience of transportation systems and environmental and ecological aspects. This book will be useful for the students, researchers and the professionals in the area of civil engineering, especially transportation and traffic engineering.
Author: Guangnan Zhang Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 981160701X Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 186
Book Description
This book presents comprehensive research and analyses on road traffic safety in China, discussing individual, vehicle, road and environmental factors to improve road safety in the country. It also sheds light on the development of similar (adjusted) measures to reduce traffic violations and/or accident fatalities and injuries, and to promote road safety in other countries and regions. As such, it is a valuable resource for anyone wanting to understand the characteristics and patterns of road traffic safety, the risk factors affecting traffic violations and traffic injuries, as well as road safety policies and practices in China.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309179939 Category : Transportation Languages : en Pages : 77
Book Description
From a public health perspective, motor vehicle crashes are among the most serious problems facing teenagers. Even after more than six months of being licensed to drive alone, teens are two to three times more likely to be in a fatal crash than are the more experienced drivers. Crash rates are significantly higher for male drivers, and young people in the United States are at greater risk of dying or being injured in an automobile than their peers around the world. In fact, in 2003 motor vehicle crashes was the leading cause of death for youth ages 16-20 in the United States. Understanding how and why teen motor vehicle crashes happen is key to developing countermeasures to reduce their number. Applying this understanding to the development of prevention strategies holds significant promise for improving safety but many of these efforts are thwarted by a lack of evidence as to which prevention strategies are most effective. Preventing Teen Motor Crashes presents data from a multidisciplinary group that shared information on emerging technology for studying, monitoring, and controlling driving behavior. The book provides an overview of the factual information that was presented, as well as the insights that emerged about the role researchers can play in reducing and preventing teen motor crashes.
Author: N. Aydinonat Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317449487 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 167
Book Description
Best-selling books such as Freakonomics and The Undercover Economist have paved the way for the flourishing economics-made-fun genre. While books like these present economics as a strong and explanatory science, the ongoing economic crisis has exposed the shortcomings of economics to the general public. In the face of this crisis, many people, including well-known economists such as Paul Krugman, have started to express their doubts about whether economics is a success as a science. As well as academic papers, newspaper columns with a large audience have discussed the failure of economic to predict and explain ongoing trends. The emerging picture is somewhat confusing: economics-made-fun books present economics as a method of thinking that can successfully explain everyday and "freaky" phenomena. On the other hand, however, economics seems to fail in addressing and explaining the most pressing matters related to the field of economics itself. This book explores the confusion created by this contradictory picture of economics. Could a science that cannot answer its own core questions really be used to explain the logic of everyday life? This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Economic Methodology.
Author: Amy A. Eyler Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190224657 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 409
Book Description
Prevention, Policy, and Public Health provides a basic foundation for students, professionals, and researchers to be more effective in the policy arena. It offers information on the dynamics of the policymaking process, theoretical frameworks, analysis, and policy applications. It also offers coverage of advocacy and communication, the two most integral aspects of shaping policies for public health.
Author: Gail L. McVey Publisher: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press ISBN: 155458423X Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
This book presents a collection of writings by expert researchers from Canada, the United States, and Australia who are committed to finding common cause and common ground in the prevention of eating disorders and obesity. The ten chapters in this book seek to create a new public health approach to the prevention of weight-related disorders, one that counters the confusion and frustration from public policies, messages, and programs that recipients of prevention efforts often experience. The first section looks at prevention from a public health perspective, and the second section highlights theories from risk and resilience research that can inform the prevention of weight-related disorders. The contributions are varied in their theories and models, but woven throughout is the theme of collaboration in changing public institutions and social systems that promotes universal prevention and fosters mental health and resilience. Unique methods of linking systems and fostering partnerships across sectors and disciplines are highlighted, and readers are exposed to innovative ideas of how to move the field of prevention science forward to reduce the onset of negative body image, unhealthy weight management, eating disorders, and disordered eating. Preventing Eating-Related and Weight-Related Disorders is the second in a series of titles from The Community Health Systems Resource Group at The Hospital for Sick Children. This series will educate researchers, policy-makers, students, practitioners, and interested stakeholders on such topics as early intervention in psychosis, aggressive behaviour problems, eating-related disorders, and marginalized youth in educational contexts.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: 0195357906 Category : Health behavior in adolescence Languages : en Pages : 421
Book Description
Chronic diseases and premature death can often be linked to social, environmental, and behavioral factors that are subject to modification, especially during adolescence when many habits--both good and bad--are formed. In order to effectively encourage good health-related behaviors among adolescents, health providers need an integrated understanding of the many factors involved. This volume fills that need by providing the most comprehensive, up-to-date review of the pertinent issues, including in-depth discussions on adolescent sexuality, substance abuse, the future of adolescent health promo.
Author: Christopher Scott Carpenter
Author: Christopher Scott Carpenter
Author: David Shinar
Author: M. V. L. R. Anjaneyulu
Author: Guangnan Zhang
Author: 
Author: National Research Council
Author: N. Aydinonat
Author: Amy A. Eyler
Author: Gail L. McVey
Author: