The Effects of Individual Attributes, Health Behaviors, and Religion on Adolescent Obesity PDF Download

Author: Bernice Adabasu Dodor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 584

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Author: Jason Fletcher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Recent studies analyzing the effects of religion on various economic, social, health and political outcomes have been largely associational. Although some attempts have been made to establish causation using instrument variable (IV) or difference-in-difference (DID) methods, the instruments and the spatial and temporal variations used in these studies suffer from the usual issues that threaten the use of these identification techniques--validity of exclusion restrictions, quality of counterfactuals in the presence of spatial assortative sorting of people, and concern about omitted variable bias in the absence of information on family level unobservables and child-specific investment by families. During the adolescent years, religious participation might be a matter of limited choice for many individuals, as it is often heavily reliant on parents and family background more generally. Moreover, the focus of most of the studies has been on religious rites and rituals i.e., religious participation or on the intensity of participation. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this paper analyzes the effects of a broad set of measures of religiosity on substance use at different stages of the life course. In contrast to previous studies, we find positive effects of religion on reducing all addictive substance use during adolescence, but not in a consistent fashion during the later years for any other illicit drugs except for crystal meth and marijuana.

Author: Michael John Merten
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302

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This study explores both factors influencing obesity among adolescents as well as social and mental health consequences of obesity in young adulthood. Specifically this study investigates the influence of structural community adversity, family, and individual factors on parental general physical health and adolescent obesity. The findings generally support the hypothesized additive and multiplicative association of these factors with parental physical health outcomes and adolescent obesity. Community and family disadvantages uniquely influence the risk of poor general physical health among parents. Poor parental general health in turn is associated with adolescent obesity. Findings also suggest that the influence of community adversity on parental general physical health is more pronounced for Whites compared to any other ethnic group. Family characteristics and individual characteristics, such as physical activity and inactivity as well as adolescent eating behaviors were significant contributors to adolescent obesity, independent of structural community adversity. Structural community adversity, family, and individual level influences on parental physical health and adolescent obesity emphasize the need for intervention programs to support disadvantaged youth and their families. In addition to the community, family and individual level predictors of obesity, this study investigates the seldom studied educational, economic, and social consequences that obese adolescents encounter as they become young adults. The findings support the notion that being obese/overweight during adolescence has a detrimental influence on a wide range of non-physical life domains. Obese/overweight adolescents are at an increased risk for a lower level of educational attainment and involvement in early sexual activities than normal weight adolescents. In addition, obese/overweight adolescents have higher levels of economic hardship and depressive symptoms in young adulthood. However, results indicate that the influence of adolescent obesity/overweight is moderated by gender. Specifically, males do not suffer the educational, economic, and social detrimental effects of obesity/overweight to the same degree as females. Obese/overweight females suffer much more than obese/overweight males in terms of societal outcomes. In addition, detrimental consequences of obesity on social outcomes also vary by ethnicity, with obese Whites being most susceptible.

Author: Harold G. Koenig
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190088850
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1113

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"The 2001 edition (1st) was a comprehensive review of history, research, and discussions on religion and health through the year 2000. The Appendix listed 1,200 separate quantitative studies on religion and health each rated in quality on 0-10 scale, followed by about 2,000 references and an extensive index for rapid topic identification. The 2012 edition (2nd) of the Handbook systematically updated the research from 2000 to 2010, with the number of quantitative studies then reaching the thousands. This 2022 edition (3rd) is the most scientifically rigorous addition to date, covering the best research published through 2021 with an emphasis on prospective studies and randomized controlled trials. Beginning with a Foreword by Dr. Howard K. Koh, former US Assistant Secretary for Health for the Department of Health and Human Services, this nearly 600,000-word volume examines almost every aspect of health, reviewing past and more recent research on the relationship between religion and health outcomes. Furthermore, nearly all of its 34 chapters conclude with clinical and community applications making this text relevant to both health care professionals (physicians, nurses, social workers, rehabilitation therapists, counsellors, psychologists, sociologists, etc.) and clergy (community clergy, chaplains, pastoral counsellors, etc.). The book's extensive Appendix focuses on the best studies, describing each study in a single line, allowing researchers to quickly locate the existing research. It should not be surprising that for Handbook for the past two decades has been the most cited of all references on religion and health"--

Author: Cassie Sabrina Brode
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 232

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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309490111
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 493

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Adolescenceâ€"beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€"is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€"rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish.

Author: Dalia Fahmy
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780997419054
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309388570
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525

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Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.

Author: Lisa Marie Davis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Abstract: Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to see if body perception among overweight and obese adolescents related to personal characteristics and health behaviors, including weight management practices. Methods: This was a retrospective, causal-comparative study. The sample population came from the YRBSS (Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 14.0) was used for analysis of the data. Preliminary analyses indicated sufficient numbers for desired segmentation of the dataset. Crosstabs with Chi Square analysis were used to test the differences in BMI percentile to the perceived body weight based upon sex and race, the differences in physical activity and nutritional diet based upon correct or incorrect body image, and the differences in the reaction to their weight based upon correct or incorrect body image. The differences in weight change efforts were measured by recoding the perceived weights into four groups: underweight, appropriate weight, slightly overweight, and very overweight. These were crosstabulated by the accuracy of BMI percentiles, according to CDC, and placed into three categories: underestimation, accurate, or overestimation of weight perception. Results: Data indicated a significant difference in relationships between BMI percentiles and perceived body weight based upon gender. While there was no statistically significant difference in those relationships based on race, African American and Hispanic students who think they are very underweight are almost all of normal weight. There are differences in physical activity and nutrition based upon body image. Conclusions: US adolescents present with varied perceptions of body weight. Racial and ethnic differences exist in perceived weight status and increasingly express perceptions of being underweight among African American and Hispanic American youth. Accuracy of weight perceptions could serve a considerable role in weight maintenance activities and motivations to change lifestyle behaviors to improve overall health.