The Effects of Feed Intake Level During the Last Seven Days of Lactation and the First Three Days Following Weaning on Reproduction of Primiparous Sows PDF Download

Author: Thomas John Gall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sows
Languages : en
Pages : 116

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Author: Tai Yuan Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lactation
Languages : en
Pages : 258

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Book Description
In primiparous sows, feed intake is generally insufficient to meet lactation demands during lactation. Inadequate nutrient supply increases mobilisation of body reserves during lactation and, as a consequence, affect subsequent reproduction. Excessive loss of body reserves during lactation is not only associated with delayed post-weaning oestrus and the size of the subsequent litter, but also increases culling rate and reduces sow longevity and the productivity of the breeding herd. The aim of the thesis was to develop a clear understanding of the impact of a negative energy balance during lactation affects reproductive performance of modern primiparous sows in Australia, and evaluate feeding strategies involving energy manipulations during crucial periods for improving subsequent litter size. In the first study, the associations of sow body weight changes during lactation and the body weight at weaning with subsequent reproductive performance were studied. By minimising body weight loss and maintain adequate body reserves at weaning through the supply of sufficient energy when rearing equal to or less than ten piglets during lactation, the post-weaning reproduction of modern primiparous sows may not be affected. In the second study, the carry-over effects of energy intake during the early antral phase and subsequent follicular phase on follicle recruitment and ovulation rate were assessed using a gilt model. Follicle size at the end of the luteal phase was greater for gilts that were previously fed at a high feed level. During the follicular phase, high feeding increased follicle size at Day 5 and plasma oestradiol concentration. Nevertheless, a low feed level during the luteal phase reduced ovulation rate and the number of embryo, and this was not counteracted by feed level during the follicular phase. Plasma progesterone concentration after ovulation was lower for gilts that were restricted-fed throughout the whole period than for other treatments. These results indicate that undernutrition during early antral follicular development may have a residual effect on follicle recruitment and quality. In the third study, the effects of substituting 1 kg of a standard lactation diet with 1 kg of a sugar-rich or fat-rich diet during late lactation on blood glucose and insulin changes were investigated. The results suggest that a sugar-enriched diet during the last week of lactation elevates circulating glucose and insulin concentrations, and may potentially improve post-weaning fertility in primiparous sows. Therefore, the fourth study investigated the effects of pre-weaning energy substitutions plus post-weaning altrenogest treatment as positive control on follicular development, endocrine characteristics and subsequent litter size in primiparous sows. The weaning-to-ovulation interval tended to be reduced in the sugar-rich treatment, although body weight loss during the treatment period, post-weaning follicle development, plasma oestradiol and pre-weaning leptin did not differ among treatments, except body weight loss was lower and leptin was higher in the altrenogest treatment. Post-ovulatory progesterone concentration in the sugar treatment was higher. Sows in the sugar-rich and altrenogest treatments had a greater proportion of litters with larger litter sizes. The outcome indicates that increasing circulating insulin and glucose concentrations during late lactation or a week of metabolic recovery positively improves subsequent litter size in primiparous sows. Industry will be able to achieve and improvement of reproductive performance by maximising energy intake (using an insulin-stimulating diet) during late lactation, or by post-weaning altrenogest administration for a week for energy restoration. Otherwise, adverse impacts of a negative energy balance during lactation will be carried over into the mating period, and will depress subsequent reproductive performance.

Author: B. Close
Publisher: Context Products
ISBN: 9781899043446
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 386

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Book Description
This book aims to provide information to allow the development of appropriate feeding strategies for sows and boars. In addition to basic scientific knowledge, practical guidelines and indices of reproduction are given, commensurate with good performance, health and welfare. This comprehensive work will be an invaluable source of reference for students, research scientists, veterinarians and all those engaged in practical pig production. The central role of nutrition in the reproduction of farm animals has long been recognised. In the last two decades there have been considerable advances in our knowledge of sow and boar nutrition which has allowed the development of effective feeding strategies. Such progress will continue in order to meet the demands of ever-increasing product targets. Contents Preface Introduction The pre-breeding gilt Energy: responses and requirements Protein and amino acids Minerals Vitamins Water provision Appetite Diets

Author: Chantal Farmer
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9086868037
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 452

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Book Description
The last book on the lactating sow was published over 15 years ago. This new book brings us up to date in current knowledge on the gestating and lactating sow. It covers new and important topics such as conditioning of gilts for optimal reproductive performance, feeding high fibre diets to gestating sows and providing various fat sources in gestation and lactation. It also describes the several key success factors to group-housing systems in gestation, which is a must due to the current move towards group-housing. The new concept of transition feeding for sows is discussed, as well as the factors involved in mammary development of gilts and sows, both of which are instrumental for maximum colostrum and/or milk yields. The impact of the human-animal interactions on sow welfare and performance is discussed with focus on new handling practices that could be developed to overbalance the negative interactions inherent to pig management systems. Updates on must-have topics, such as amino acid and energy requirements of sows, colostrum and milk yield and composition, and sow health are also provided. The subjects covered in this book will assist animal scientists, nutritionists, veterinarians and swine producers in learning the most recent information on relevant and current topics affecting sow production, and in knowing which areas are in need of further research efforts.

Author:
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309059930
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 218

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Book Description
Each of these popular handbooks contains comprehensive information on the nutritional needs of domestic animals and includes extensive tabular data. All are paperback and 8 1/2 x 11. Some books come with diskettes or Cds that allow users to predict nutrient requirements of specific animals under various conditions and at various life stages.

Author: Jiajiang Peng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lactation
Languages : en
Pages : 160

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Author: Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
Publisher: Nottingham University Press
ISBN: 1904761399
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 345

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Book Description
As a continuation of the earlier volumes in this series, the proceedings of the Eighth International Conference provide authoritative and up-to-date information on pig reproduction research. This volume, which contains manuscripts accompanying the state-of-the art lectures, the parallel sessions, and the expanded abstracts, provides an authoritative and up-to-date source of information on research in pig reproduction. This text is an invaluable resource for students, teachers, veterinarians, animal scientists, consultants, and technologists with an interest in all aspects of pig reproduction.

Author: J.R. Pluske
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9086865135
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 432

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Book Description
'Weaning the Pig: Concepts and Consequences' is a new book that addresses the major issues surrounding the weaning process, both for piglets and the breeding herd, in modern-day pig production. The post-weaned pig presents many challenges to the manager, stockperson and nutritionist, and as such is a critical phase in the overall production system. Numerous challenges are also faced by the sow, which is required to be rebred as soon as possible after weaning. This book draws together summaries of research dealing with both piglets and the sow, and is a unique book in this regard. Accordingly, the material presented covers in detail the following areas associated with the weaning process: growth of the weaned pig, nutritional management in preparation for weaning, behavioural changes and adaptations around weaning, voluntary feed intake, digestive physiology, modulation of small intestinal integrity, the intestinal microflora and diarrhoeal diseases after weaning, intestinal immunity, nutritional requirements and intestinal requirements of the weaned pig, environmental and housing issues after weaning, saving and rearing supernumery and underprivileged piglets, and productivity and longevity of the weaned sow. The chapters have been written by acknowledged experts from around the world. The book is an ideal reference for all professions associated with the pig industry, and is invaluable as a text for students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Author: Yūzō Kōketsu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 532

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Author: Barbara E. Straw
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118704908
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1171

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Book Description
The ninth and latest edition of this comprehensive guide to swine diseases and production information features extensively revised and updated chapters on physical examination and diagnosis, various viral and bacterial diseases (including several new disease chapters), other miscellaneous conditions and veterinary practice. Notwithstanding the title, this classic book covers not only infectious diseases of swine, but also includes chapters dealing with therapeutics, surgery and anesthesia, animal welfare, nutrition, and the provision of veterinary services. Diseases of Swine, 9e is divided into 5 sections: Physical Examination and Diagnosis, Viral Diseases, Bacterial Diseases, Miscellaneous Conditions, and Veterinary Practice. The ninth edition reflects changes to our knowledge and management of swine diseases and addresses recent research and progress in the field. More than 100 distinguished and widely recognized contributing authors bring the latest information to this new edition. With liberal use of illustrative materials--275 high quality illustrations and black and white photographs and more than a dozen color images--Diseases of Swine, 9e offers unparalleled coverage and is an indispensable reference for the veterinary practitioner, from the new graduate to the seasoned swine practitioner. This new edition is an indispensable and up-to-date reference text that belongs on the shelf of anyone interested in swine production, health and management.