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Author: Shirley Bo Yee Chau Publisher: ISBN: 9780494159569 Category : Languages : en Pages : 512
Book Description
Research on homeless youth has documented the complex circumstances that lead some youths to leave home and live on the streets, including a history of family violence and child abuse. Many youth leave home because they perceive the streets as a safer alternative to living at home. Paradoxically, the factors that drove them to leave home also exist on the streets, particularly exposure to violence. The homeless youth who completed the survey have extensive histories of homelessness: 49% have been homeless for 3.5 years or more, 21% for 13 months to less than 3.5 years, and 30% for a year or less. Fifty-six percent of the respondents were male. Nearly 50% of the homeless youth in this study were exposed to considerable violence on the streets. The survey also found that factors such as family violence and exposure to violence on the streets were significant predictors of poor psychological functioning and that social environment variables such as neighbourhood disadvantage was a significant predictor for exposure to violence on the streets, but had no relationship to health status or psychological functioning. Using an ecological systems framework, this study explores the exposure to violence of Canadian homeless youth in Toronto's inner city and the effects of this exposure on their health and well-being. The research involved a survey using standardized measures that was completed by 165 homeless youth over a period of eight months. Associations between exposure to violence and outcomes in health status, psychological functioning, psychological distress, and service use and satisfaction were explored using correlation tests and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. These findings challenge perceptions that homeless youth are hardened and unaffected by violence. Youth who live on the streets are vulnerable victims of violence and may suffer great psychological stress. The findings have implications for service delivery and social care for homeless youth. Holistic and comprehensive approaches to service delivery are needed to meet their many needs. These approaches must take into account the impact of psychological distress and the fact that homeless youth need supports beyond those that meet subsistence needs only. Social workers and other community workers should receive training in how to assess psychological distress in vulnerable and marginalized populations, and in how to provide services to deal with the traumatic effects of exposure to violence on these young people, both as victims and witnesses.
Author: Shirley Bo Yee Chau Publisher: ISBN: 9780494159569 Category : Languages : en Pages : 512
Book Description
Research on homeless youth has documented the complex circumstances that lead some youths to leave home and live on the streets, including a history of family violence and child abuse. Many youth leave home because they perceive the streets as a safer alternative to living at home. Paradoxically, the factors that drove them to leave home also exist on the streets, particularly exposure to violence. The homeless youth who completed the survey have extensive histories of homelessness: 49% have been homeless for 3.5 years or more, 21% for 13 months to less than 3.5 years, and 30% for a year or less. Fifty-six percent of the respondents were male. Nearly 50% of the homeless youth in this study were exposed to considerable violence on the streets. The survey also found that factors such as family violence and exposure to violence on the streets were significant predictors of poor psychological functioning and that social environment variables such as neighbourhood disadvantage was a significant predictor for exposure to violence on the streets, but had no relationship to health status or psychological functioning. Using an ecological systems framework, this study explores the exposure to violence of Canadian homeless youth in Toronto's inner city and the effects of this exposure on their health and well-being. The research involved a survey using standardized measures that was completed by 165 homeless youth over a period of eight months. Associations between exposure to violence and outcomes in health status, psychological functioning, psychological distress, and service use and satisfaction were explored using correlation tests and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. These findings challenge perceptions that homeless youth are hardened and unaffected by violence. Youth who live on the streets are vulnerable victims of violence and may suffer great psychological stress. The findings have implications for service delivery and social care for homeless youth. Holistic and comprehensive approaches to service delivery are needed to meet their many needs. These approaches must take into account the impact of psychological distress and the fact that homeless youth need supports beyond those that meet subsistence needs only. Social workers and other community workers should receive training in how to assess psychological distress in vulnerable and marginalized populations, and in how to provide services to deal with the traumatic effects of exposure to violence on these young people, both as victims and witnesses.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309038324 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
There have always been homeless people in the United States, but their plight has only recently stirred widespread public reaction and concern. Part of this new recognition stems from the problem's prevalence: the number of homeless individuals, while hard to pin down exactly, is rising. In light of this, Congress asked the Institute of Medicine to find out whether existing health care programs were ignoring the homeless or delivering care to them inefficiently. This book is the report prepared by a committee of experts who examined these problems through visits to city slums and impoverished rural areas, and through an analysis of papers written by leading scholars in the field.
Author: Helene Berman Publisher: Fernwood Publishing ISBN: 1773633546 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
Though interpersonal violence is widely studied, much less has been done to understand structural violence, the often-invisible patterns of inequality that reproduce social relations of exclusion and marginalization through ideologies, policies, stigmas, and discourses attendant to gender, race, class, and other markers of social identity. Structural violence normalizes experiences like poverty, ableism, sexual harassment, racism, and colonialism, and erases their social and political origins. The legal structures that provide impunity for those who exploit youth are also part of structural violence’s machinery. Working with Indigenous, queer, immigrant and homeless youth across Canada, this five-year Youth-based Participatory Action Research project used art to explore the many ways that structural violence harms youth, destroying hope, optimism, a sense of belonging and a connection to civil society. However, recognizing that youth are not merely victims, Everyday Violence in the Lives of Youth also examines the various ways youth respond to and resist this violence to preserve their dignity, well-being and inclusion in society.
Author: Ellen Linder Datner Publisher: ISBN: Category : African American youth Languages : en Pages : 358
Book Description
Community violence is a pervasive problem in urban America. Those most vulnerable to violence are minority youth living in inner-city neighborhoods. Interpersonal violence has become the major cause of severe injury and death among this population. Poor, urban, African American youth have significantly higher rates of exposure to violence. This population also faces multiple social risks that are over-represented in their urban communities. Research shows that exposure to violence can have a negative impact on the physical and psychological well-being of youth. Outcomes include, but are not limited to, posttraumatic stress symptoms, aggression, and depression. Research has shown that a variety of risk factors can negatively impact youth development, however, some youth faced with adverse circumstances demonstrate positive adaptation. The mechanisms that protect youth from multiple risks are not fully understood. Research on depression and the factors that mediate adaptation in urban African American youth exposed to violence is sparse and contradictory. The goal of the current investigation was to assess levels of depressive symptoms in a sample of 318, 12 to 17 year old, inner-city African American youth exposed to community violence. In addition, risk and protective factors were analyzed to assess their contribution to levels of depression. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess if severity of injury and/or history of traumatic life experiences further contributed to levels of depressive symptoms. Participants' history of traumatic life experiences was predictive of depression. Although rates of exposure to community violence compared with other studies, few symptoms of depression were endorsed. The majority of participants demonstrated positive adaptation in several areas of their life and endorsed fewer risk factors, however, a significant portion reported engaging in aggressive and criminal behavior and repeating a school year due to failure. Findings implicate the need for further research on distinguishing psychological sequelae in urban minority youth exposed to violence. Further investigation is necessary to clearly define the processes of risk and protection on outcomes. Support for continued prevention and intervention at multiple levels to further develop protective factors contributing to positive adjustment and to decrease accumulative risks was also demonstrated.
Author: Scott Menard Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 1793650519 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 243
Book Description
This book uses life-course longitudinal data collected from a national probability sample of respondents over a span of nearly three decades to examine the impact of multiple forms of exposure to violence in adolescence on a broad range of outcomes in adulthood. The forms of adolescent exposure to violence include general violence victimization, parental physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, and exposure to neighborhood violence. The adult outcomes include adult educational attainment, employment, marital status, income and wealth, mental health, life satisfaction, illicit and problem substance use, general violence victimization and perpetration, intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration, and arrest. The results demonstrate the complex pattern of how the different forms of exposure to violence in adolescence have varying effects on different types of adult outcomes, and matter differently for females and males. Based on these results, implications for theory, policy, and future research are considered.
Author: Jeff Karabanow Publisher: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press ISBN: 1771123354 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 205
Book Description
Youth are one of the fastest growing segments of the homeless population. Although there has been much research on how youth become homeless and survive on the streets, we know very little about their pathways off the street and the many challenges that present during this process. This book relates the lived experiences of homeless youth as they negotiate the individual, sociocultural, and economic tensions of transitioning out of homeless and street contexts and cultures. Through interviews the authors gained privileged entry into the lives of youth in Toronto and Halifax over a year-long period. Through rich qualitative prose, quantitative elaboration, and comic-book narratives, participants spoke of courage, fortitude, strength, adversity, and at times, simple bad luck. Ultimately this became a story of fragility, complexity, living “on the edge,” and the (re)-building of identity.
Author: Shirley Bo Yee Chau
Author: Shirley Bo Yee Chau
Author: 
Author: Douglas J. Troop
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Helene Berman
Author: Ellen Linder Datner
Author: Anne Moses
Author: Rosemarie T. Downer
Author: Scott Menard
Author: Jeff Karabanow