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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The effects of the environment and dwell periods on fatigue crack growth rates at 525 C for both annealed and normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr - 1 Mo steel in High Strain Fatigue (HSF) and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) regimes in air and in vacuum have been examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Fatigue crack propagation rates were determined and were found to vary with the environment and the loading waveform used in the tests. At small crack depths in HSF, oxidation in air increased cyclic crack growth rates by over an order of magnitude compared with vacuum. For continuous cycling tests at a frequency of 0.01 Hz, and tests with a peak tension, compression, or tension plus compression dwell cycling, the rates were similar. The fastest crack growth in air occurred during cycles having both tension and compression dwell periods. Fractographs were analyzed in attempts to understand the reasons for the different propagation rates. Evidence suggesting partial rewelding of the crack surfaces during compressive dwell periods in vacuum and a change in fracture mode from transgranular to a branching 'intergranular-like' fracture when the environment was changed from air to vacuum were observed. (Author).
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The effects of the environment and dwell periods on fatigue crack growth rates at 525 C for both annealed and normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr - 1 Mo steel in High Strain Fatigue (HSF) and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) regimes in air and in vacuum have been examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Fatigue crack propagation rates were determined and were found to vary with the environment and the loading waveform used in the tests. At small crack depths in HSF, oxidation in air increased cyclic crack growth rates by over an order of magnitude compared with vacuum. For continuous cycling tests at a frequency of 0.01 Hz, and tests with a peak tension, compression, or tension plus compression dwell cycling, the rates were similar. The fastest crack growth in air occurred during cycles having both tension and compression dwell periods. Fractographs were analyzed in attempts to understand the reasons for the different propagation rates. Evidence suggesting partial rewelding of the crack surfaces during compressive dwell periods in vacuum and a change in fracture mode from transgranular to a branching 'intergranular-like' fracture when the environment was changed from air to vacuum were observed. (Author).
Author: John S. Kamen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
The effects of the environment and dwell periods on fatigue crack growth rates at 525 C for both annealed and normalized and tempered 2 1/4 Cr - 1 Mo steel in High Strain Fatigue (HSF) and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) regimes in air and in vacuum have been examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Fatigue crack propagation rates were determined and were found to vary with the environment and the loading waveform used in the tests. At small crack depths in HSF, oxidation in air increased cyclic crack growth rates by over an order of magnitude compared with vacuum. For continuous cycling tests at a frequency of 0.01 Hz, and tests with a peak tension, compression, or tension plus compression dwell cycling, the rates were similar. The fastest crack growth in air occurred during cycles having both tension and compression dwell periods. Fractographs were analyzed in attempts to understand the reasons for the different propagation rates. Evidence suggesting partial rewelding of the crack surfaces during compressive dwell periods in vacuum and a change in fracture mode from transgranular to a branching 'intergranular-like' fracture when the environment was changed from air to vacuum were observed. (Author).
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Environmental effects in elevated temperature fatigue have been extensively studied and reported in the literature for 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel. The results of cycles to failure (lumped initiation and propagation life) verses strain range have shown drastic reductions in fatigue life with a dwell period at compressive strains in each loading cycle. This thesis has separately examined the crack initiation and propagation stages for several specimens tested in air at 538 deg C without dwell and a single specimen with a five minute compressive dwell. With dwell, the crack initiation stage was severely reduced (by a factor greater than eleven) relative to testing without dwell. The results clearly indicate that oxide cracking is a precursor to crack initiation in the substrate. It is concluded that the fatigue life of this alloy must be estimated based on the crack propagation characteristics alone, since crack initiation can be expected very clearly (i.e., first few cycles) for any practical environment. Originator supplied keywords include: Fatigue, oxide cracking, 2 1/4 Cr - Mo Steel.
Author: Wade H. Shafer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468449192 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1 957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna tional publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 28 (thesis year 1 983) a total of 10,661 theses titles from 26 Canadian and 197 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 28 reports theses submitted in-1983, on occasion, certain univer sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Author: Ian Milne Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080490735 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 4647
Book Description
The aim of this major reference work is to provide a first point of entry to the literature for the researchers in any field relating to structural integrity in the form of a definitive research/reference tool which links the various sub-disciplines that comprise the whole of structural integrity. Special emphasis will be given to the interaction between mechanics and materials and structural integrity applications. Because of the interdisciplinary and applied nature of the work, it will be of interest to mechanical engineers and materials scientists from both academic and industrial backgrounds including bioengineering, interface engineering and nanotechnology. The scope of this work encompasses, but is not restricted to: fracture mechanics, fatigue, creep, materials, dynamics, environmental degradation, numerical methods, failure mechanisms and damage mechanics, interfacial fracture and nano-technology, structural analysis, surface behaviour and heart valves. The structures under consideration include: pressure vessels and piping, off-shore structures, gas installations and pipelines, chemical plants, aircraft, railways, bridges, plates and shells, electronic circuits, interfaces, nanotechnology, artificial organs, biomaterial prostheses, cast structures, mining... and more. Case studies will form an integral part of the work.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Research Languages : en Pages : 1370
Book Description
Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Power resources Languages : en Pages : 976
Book Description
Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The fatigue crack propagation of 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel was examined in air over a wide range of experimental conditions. The fatigue crack growth rate was found to: generally increase monotonically with increasing temperature from 172/sup 0/ to 866/sup 0/K, except in the range where dynamic strain aging occurs, near 644/sup 0/K; increase with decreasing frequency at room temperatures above 783/sup 0/K - this frequency dependence was not observed below 783/sup 0/K; and increase with increases in mean stress. The results were evaluated, and a simple empirical model was developed to yield estimates of average and upper limit crack growth rates as a function of temperature, frequency, and effective stress intensity. However, the model is not applicable in the low region where threshold effects become important since insufficient data were available in that range.
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