Author: Michelle Jane RobartsonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 300
Book Description
The Effects of Dietary Fats and Voluntary Exercise on Energy Balance and Body Composition in Laboratory Mice
Author: Michelle Jane RobartsonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 300
Book Description
Regulation of Energy Balance and Body Composition in the Obese (ob/ob) Mouse
Author: Colleen Kay SmithPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bioenergetics
Languages : en
Pages : 322
Book Description
Diet and Health
Author: National Research CouncilPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309039940
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 765
Book Description
Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Exercise, Calories, Fat and Cancer
Author: Maryce M. JacobsPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468479539
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300
Book Description
The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) sponsored its second annual conference on nutrition and cancer. The theme was "Exercise, Calories, Fat, and Cancer" and the conference was held September 4-5, 1991 at the Ritz Carlton Hotel in Pentagon City, Virginia. This proceedings volume contains chapters from the platform presentations and abstracts from each poster presentation. Relationships among physical activity, calorie consumption, energy expenditure, dietary fat, and cancer are described in the context of epidemiologic, animal, and in vitro studies. Dietary recommendations to lower cancer risk are based on expanding evidence relating nutrition and cancer. Identification of the precise dietary contribution to disease is complicated by the concurrent genetic and environmental contributions, in addition to the inherent difficulties in gathering and interpreting epidemiologic data. Individual variations in cancer risk are the result of differences in genetic and environmental factors including sources and amounts of calories consumed, metabolism, and energy expenditure. Human and animal studies describing independent and combined influences of exercise, calorie restriction, and dietary fat on carcinogenesis are reported in this volume.
The Effects of Diet Composition and Fenfluramine Treatment on Caloric Intake, Energy Balance and Body Composition in Rats
Author: Amy Joy LanouThe Effects of Dietary Fat Intake on Resting Energy Expenditure and Body Composition
Author: Nichole Mi Hui EytchesonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
Book Description
Whether changing from a high-fat diet to an isoenergetic, low-fat, high- complex-carbohydrate diet results in thermogenic benefits is controversial. Brief dietary interventions and failure to account for the potential influence of body-fat distribution on energy metabolism could have confounded the interpretation of previous studies. The success of individuals who lose weight by changing from high fat diets to low-fat diets has prompted numerous, well-controlled studies of this phenomenon. The literature regarding a thermogenic effect of low-fat, high-CHO diets reveals conflicting evidence. The present study was designed to answer the following questions; 1) Does dietary fat restriction increase the caloric need to maintain weight? 2) Does lowering the fat intake in the diet affect resting energy expenditure (REE)? 3) Does dietary fat restriction affect body composition? Methods Sixty-four healthy post menopausal women were recruited to the study and enrolled in four cohorts of 16 participants every 4 months. Each cohort went under 3 dietary interventions over a 4 month period. Dietary intervention involved a 4-month long eucaloric controlled-feeding that was designed to reduce the fat intake stepwise to 15% of the daily energy intake. Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) was used to assess body composition and provide values for FFM and FM. REE was collected using indirect calorimetry and calculated using the Weir equation. Data were expressed as means + standard deviations (SD). Results The four dietary interventions did not alter REE (p=.979). There was a trend for an increased respiratory exchange ratio with the low-fat diet (p=.067). Although the controlled-feeding phase was designed by calculated, computer generated analysis to deliver 35%, 25% and 15% of the energy intakes from fat, laboratory and chemical analysis of the diet showed that the actual dietary fat intakes were 31%, 23% and 14% respectively. There was a significant difference in body weight (0.9 kg) between baseline and after the 35% fat diet (p=0.0003), no significant change between the 35% and 25% fat diet (0.05 kg, p=0.218), and no significant change between the 25% fat diet and the 15% fat diet (0.05 kg, p=0.156). During the eucaloric feeding as dietary fat decreased from 31 % to 23% to 14 %, the energy cost of weight maintenance increased from 8724+1281 kJ, to 8946+ 1310 kJ, and to 9122+ 1365 kJ, respectively. These increases were significant (+223+400 kJ, p
Physiological Underpinnings of High Voluntary Exercise in Selectively Bred Mice
Author: Thomas Harris Meek (IV.)Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise
Languages : en
Pages : 283
Book Description
Obesity is a growing health problem worldwide, particularly within the United States. The percent of both overweight and obese Americans (~2/3 combined as of surveys completed in 1999-2004) has continued to increase over the past two decades. Exercise is a cornerstone for the treatment of obesity, and understanding the regulation of energy balance in response to exercise is essential for the prevention of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
Nature and Nurture Effects of Voluntary Activity and Nutrition on Energy Balance and Emotionality
Author: Izabella JónásInvestigations of Lipophilic Bioactive Dietary Components to Improve Aspects of Metabolic Dysregulation in Mice
Author: Deena B. SnokePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Insulin resistance
Languages : en
Pages : 221
Book Description
studies of energy expenditure highlighted the reciprocal relationship between increases in energy metabolism and life expectancy. A growing body of literature emphasizes that individuals suffering from metabolic and chronic diseases have higher energy demands to fight illness in addition to the energy necessary for homeostatic maintenance. Two conditions of metabolic dysregulation, cancer cachexia and metabolic syndrome illustrate this phenomenon. Each condition exhibits 5 shared pathological characteristics which contribute to metabolic disease progression: dysregulated energy balance, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated lipid storage and adipocyte function, and chronic inflammation. The goal of this research was to identify bioactive dietary components that improve the pathologies associated with cancer cachexia and metabolic syndrome. The first objective of this research was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of dietary naringenin in mice with C-26 adenocarcinoma-induced cachexia. Cancer cachexia is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle with or without the loss of adipose tissue that results in functional impairment impacting quality of life and overall survival. Naringenin is a flavonoid most commonly found in citrus fruits and tomatoes that has a wide range of positive effects in pre-clinical models, including improving insulin-mediated metabolism while reducing inflammation and tumor growth. Therefore, we hypothesized that a diet supplemented with naringenin would prevent the progression of cancer cachexia by inhibiting body weight loss, improving insulin sensitivity, and decreasing inflammation in a mouse model of cancer cachexia. We examined the effects of 2% dietary naringenin on changes in food intake, body weight, body composition, muscle function, insulin tolerance, and inflammatory status in the Colon 26 mouse model. Naringenin-fed tumor-bearing mice exhibited body weight loss and decreased food intake earlier than tumor-bearing mice fed control diets. Dietary naringenin was protective against loss of muscle strength and attenuated the onset of insulin resistance and markers of inflammation compared to tumor-bearing mice fed a control diet. Dietary naringenin improved multiple aspects of metabolic disturbances and inflammation during cancer cachexia progression in [C-26 tumor-bearing] mice. These findings establish a strong link between inflammation and insulin resistance as drivers of the progression of cancer cachexia and provide further understanding of how dysregulated metabolism impacts the loss of muscle strength and mass. Through its anti-inflammatory properties, dietary naringenin may be a useful therapeutic tool to improve quality of life and attenuate the progression of cancer cachexia. The second objective of this research was to investigate the effect of dietary oils differing in their fatty acid composition on observations of metabolic syndrome progression in the ob/ob mouse model of obesity. One-third of adults in the US have metabolic syndrome, characterized as a set of clinical observations including high blood glucose, low HDL and high LDL-cholesterol, high blood triglyceride levels, hypertension, obesity, and increased abdominal adiposity. Studies have shown the metabolic benefits of replacing saturated fats in the diet with monounsaturated fats or polyunsaturated fats; however, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are rarely compared in terms of their effects on measures of metabolic health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether compared to a 6% by weight fat diet supplemented with palm oil (PO), diets supplemented with linoleic-rich safflower oil (LO) or oleic-rich safflower oil (OO) would improve metabolic outcomes associated with increased disease risk in ob/ob mice. After 41 days of diet treatment, dietary energy intake was the same in all three diet groups, yet OO and LO groups exhibited reductions in percent adiposity. Interestingly, only mice consuming LO diet, but not OO diet, were resistant to decline in skeletal muscle mass. In addition, the LO group exhibited changes in gene expression profiles related to decreased adipocyte expansion in epidydimal white adipose tissue, suggesting that the lipid profiles in OO and LO oils may be exerting their beneficial effects on metabolic status through different regulatory mechanisms. To gain a better understanding of how these dietary oils impact parameters of metabolic syndrome, future studies will evaluate the potential effects of OO and LO diets on adipocyte size and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. The third objective of this research was to examine the effect of dietary oils differing in their fatty acid composition on cardiolipin speciation in skeletal muscle of healthy mice. Cardiolipin is a unique glycerophospholipid only found in mitochondrial and bacterial membranes. Alterations in cardiolipin speciation have been implicated in conditions of metabolic dysregulation. While well-documented in the heart, little is known about the desired profile of cardiolipin in skeletal muscle for optimal mitochondrial function. Dietary fat consumption, a modifiable lifestyle factor shown be related to metabolic disease risk, has also been reported to be a modulator of cardiolipin quantity and species. However, how these dietary fats may impact skeletal muscle CL has not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether compared to the PO diet, LO and OO diets would (1) improve metabolic outcomes and (2) alter cardiolipin speciation, oxidated or peroxidated cardiolipin species, or improve mitochondrial activity in healthy, non-obese mice. Dietary fatty acid composition in liver, skeletal muscle, and plasma reflected dietary intake; however, there was no effect of diet on food intake, body weight, body composition, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial capacity, or gene expression of cardiolipin synthesis, remodeling, or mitochondrial genes. Mice fed the LO and PO diets exhibited fewer oxidated and peroxidated cardiolipins compared to mice fed the OO diet, suggesting that the FA profile in the OO diet yields less susceptibility to cardiolipin remodeling and may contribute to mitochondrial membrane damage. The LO group exhibited increased mitochondrial linoleic acid-derived oxylipins in skeletal muscle, which may confer a positive metabolic benefit through cell signaling mechanisms. Finally, we identified that only in LO-treated mice does cardiolipin predict for citrate synthase activity, a measure of mitochondrial capacity. These findings suggest that although only minor changes in skeletal muscle were observed, dietary fatty acid composition may have a resultant impact on metabolism through fatty acid availability for incorporation into cardiolipin.
Exercise, Nutrition, and Weight Control
Author: David R. LambPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Body weight
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Book Description