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Author: Jillian L. Walker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
Studies have identified metabolic health factors to be a major concern in Mexican-Americans, including Mexican immigrants to the United States (U.S.). Acculturation stress has been hypothesized to be a factor in the development of many health-related concerns in this population. Specifically, previous studies have shown that acculturation stress contributes to health concerns, including metabolic health concerns (e.g., diabetes, metabolic syndrome). The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cultural orientation, a measure of acculturation designed to provide more information than traditional acculturation measures, and metabolic health outcomes. Specific acculturation-related stressors (social support, job-related stress, and depression) were hypothesized mediators in this relationship among a convenience sample of 98 foreign-born Mexicans living in Utah County, Utah controlling for age, gender, socio-economic status (SES), and years in the U.S. Data were collected twice with a three year interval to examine change over time. Changes in these constructs were examined through the use of Growth Modeling with Bayesian estimation. The Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans (ARSMA-II) was used to measure Anglo Cultural Orientation and Mexican Cultural Orientation. Standard blood analyses were used to measure metabolic health outcomes, which included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and glucose. The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-12) was used to measure social support, the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) was used to measure job-related stress, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depression. No change was identified in Anglo Cultural Orientation or Mexican Cultural Orientation over time in the majority of subjects. A positive relationship between Anglo Cultural Orientation and HbA1c was found, as was a negative relationship between Mexican Cultural Orientation and HbA1c. Mediation analyses showed a mediation effect of depression on the relationship between Anglo Cultural Orientation and glucose. Implications of findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Author: Jillian L. Walker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
Studies have identified metabolic health factors to be a major concern in Mexican-Americans, including Mexican immigrants to the United States (U.S.). Acculturation stress has been hypothesized to be a factor in the development of many health-related concerns in this population. Specifically, previous studies have shown that acculturation stress contributes to health concerns, including metabolic health concerns (e.g., diabetes, metabolic syndrome). The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cultural orientation, a measure of acculturation designed to provide more information than traditional acculturation measures, and metabolic health outcomes. Specific acculturation-related stressors (social support, job-related stress, and depression) were hypothesized mediators in this relationship among a convenience sample of 98 foreign-born Mexicans living in Utah County, Utah controlling for age, gender, socio-economic status (SES), and years in the U.S. Data were collected twice with a three year interval to examine change over time. Changes in these constructs were examined through the use of Growth Modeling with Bayesian estimation. The Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans (ARSMA-II) was used to measure Anglo Cultural Orientation and Mexican Cultural Orientation. Standard blood analyses were used to measure metabolic health outcomes, which included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and glucose. The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-12) was used to measure social support, the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) was used to measure job-related stress, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depression. No change was identified in Anglo Cultural Orientation or Mexican Cultural Orientation over time in the majority of subjects. A positive relationship between Anglo Cultural Orientation and HbA1c was found, as was a negative relationship between Mexican Cultural Orientation and HbA1c. Mediation analyses showed a mediation effect of depression on the relationship between Anglo Cultural Orientation and glucose. Implications of findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Author: Julio Garry Guerrero Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Mexican-Americans are disproportionately burdened by metabolic syndrome, a medical condition characterized by the concurrence of clinical abnormalities that contributes to diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is alarming since Mexican-Americans constitute two-thirds of the US Latino population, the largest minority and fastest growing group in the US. Investigating acculturative stressors associated with immigration is crucial for eliminating health disparities, but few studies have examined the acculturative impact of Mexican migration to the United States or the relationship between acculturation and metabolic syndrome among Mexican-Americans. The purpose of this dissertation research was to investigate the associations between acculturation and metabolic syndrome among a bi-national sample of Mexicans and Mexican-Americans. Metabolic syndrome was assessed among a bi-national sample of individuals with diabetes using the definition outlined by the International Diabetes Federation, and acculturation was assessed by proxy measures (years lived in the US and generational status) and responses on the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican-Americans, version-II. Chi-square, analysis of variance, and logistic regression were used to determine relationships between country, gender, and acculturation status and metabolic syndrome and its biomarkers. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 79.7%, with 85.0% prevalence among Mexican-Americans and 75.7% among Mexicans (p=0.069). Mexican-Americans had higher blood pressure and central obesity, while Mexicans had higher triglycerides levels. The majority (81.2%) of Mexican-Americans was first generation and lived in the US for an average of 27.65 +/- 16.05 years. The mean acculturation score was -1.83 +/- 1.56, which indicated participants in this study were Mexican-oriented, or more closely associated to Mexican cultural influences than Anglo cultural influences. Higher acculturation scores were positively associated with fasting blood glucose and systolic blood pressure and lower acculturation was negatively associated with fasting blood glucose. Logistic regression analysis showed first generation Mexicans-Americans were more likely to develop metabolic syndrome than second generation Mexican-Americans (OR 7.399, 95% CI 1.464-37.401, p=0.015). Mexican and Mexican-American individuals with type 2 diabetes have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which increases their risk for heart disease and other cardiovascular complications. Mexican-Americans are especially affected by central obesity and hypertension and Mexican immigrants appear to be impacted by negative lifestyle factors upon entering the United States. Acculturation is a complex process and the unclear relationship between acculturation and metabolic syndrome warrants further investigations. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148115
Author: Publisher: ISBN: 9781124803081 Category : Ethnic attitudes Languages : en Pages : 66
Book Description
Acculturation has been associated with health behaviors, and to a lesser extent, health outcomes among Latinos; however, inconsistencies exist regarding the nature of these relationships. Moreover, little is known about the underlying mechanisms linking acculturation to Latino health outcomes. The current study examined the relationship between acculturation, behavioral risk factors, and cardio-metabolic dysfunction in Mexican American women, and evaluated the contribution of social and economic pathways to observed associations. Participants were a random sample of 302 Mexican American women (mean age 49.77 years), recruited from communities with wide-ranging socioeconomic status (SES) located on the United States (US) side of the Tijuana (Mexico) - San Diego (US) border. Women underwent a clinical exam and completed a battery of questionnaires including demographic (age, US exposure, education, and income), cultural (language acculturation, familism, fatalism, religiosity), social (social support, sociability), and behavioral (leisure-time physical activity, sedentary behavior, walking, fruit and vegetable servings, and dietary fat) variables. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and structural equation models (SEMs) were performed in the total sample. CFAs revealed single latent constructs for English language acculturation (childhood language, English proficiency, and adult language patterns), SES (education and income), resilient cultural values (familism and religiosity), and social resources (social support and sociability). SEMs showed statistically significant direct effects of English language acculturation to more sedentary behavior and resilient cultural values to more self-reported walking. In addition, the indirect effects of US exposure to more sedentary behavior through language acculturation, English language acculturation to more sedentary behavior through SES, and resilient cultural values to more fruit and vegetable servings through social resources were also significant (CFI = 0.90, RMSEA = .10, SRMR = 0.04). Finally, significant mediated effects were found for English language acculturation to lower cardio-metabolic dysfunction via higher SES, and higher SES to lower cardio-metabolic dysfunction via lower fatalism (CFI= .89, RMSEA = .11, SRMR = .04). Behavioral variables did not appear to mediate the acculturation and cardio-metabolic dysfunction relationship. Acculturation and related cultural variables were associated with behavioral risk factors and cardio-metabolic dysfunction in middle-aged Mexican American women. SES and social resources may represent relevant pathways in explaining these associations.
Author: Courtney Andrews Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
Mexican immigrants tend to be in better health upon arrival to the United States than their U.S.-born counterparts, despite living through the conditions that forced them to migrate initially and enduring what is often a traumatic migration and resettlement process. However, as they carry out their lives in the U.S., even as standard of living improves and they gain access to public health care, studies show that health outcomes often decline. For Mexican immigrant women, this is particularly true with regard to type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms. Culture is often implicated in this process, and acculturation is the primary analytical framework used to study what happens as individuals transition from the sociocultural context of their upbringing to that of a host society. Typically measured as age at arrival, length of time living in the U.S., and English language proficiency, it is unclear what these proxy variables measure in terms of culture and why they may be implicated in health outcomes. Further, this research tends to obscure the socio-political conditions and structural constraints that shape illness for vulnerable populations. Focusing on Mexican immigrant women living in Alabama, this study uses cultural consonance theory and methodology to better understand how culture and culture change act on the body to produce predictable discrepancies in physiological functioning. Cultural consonance is the degree to which individuals, in their own beliefs and behaviors, live up to the prototypes for those beliefs and behaviors that are encoded in cultural models. I examine the link between cultural consonance and two health outcomes -- percentage of Hemoglobin variant A1c (an indicator of type 2 diabetes risk) and depressive symptoms -- as well as the extent to which consonance buffers the effects of acculturation on these two outcomes. Instead of locating individuals along a continuum of culture, I consider how well respondents live up to the cultural standards defined in the new sociocultural environment and examine how this affects well-being. The results, and the ethnographic insight in which they are couched, offer a more tenable explanation for how the acculturative experience operates on the body.
Author: Sarah Szurek Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 481
Book Description
This project used biocultural medical anthropology, cognitive anthropology, and social network analysis to examine the interrelationships among cultural knowledge, eating behaviors, and diabetes risk among a sample of Mexican immigrants in Alabama. Cultural domain analysis examined the cultural models of food among Blacks, Whites, and Mexicans (n = 81). A separate sample of Mexican immigrants (n = 50) participated in interviews about food beliefs and behaviors, migration, and social integration. A formal personal social network analysis was completed, as were anthropometric measurements and the collection of a whole blood sample from which to analyze percent hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). It was hypothesized that distinct cultural models of food would characterize the three ethnic groups. Increased social network interaction with Americans was expected to be positively correlated with Mexican immigrants' competence and consonance in American cultural models of food. Finally, it was hypothesized that increased competence in American cultural models of food and increased social network interaction with Americans would negatively affect immigrants' risk of diabetes. Key distinctions were found among the three models, especially with regard to the salience of fruits and vegetables. Variation was evident in the competence in the cultural models of food along four dimensions of meaning--health, cost, convenience, and the desirability of foods. The personal social network analysis indicated that Mexicans were mainly interacting with White Americans, with varying frequency of interaction. The proportion of one's network with which one shares meals was an important variable in this project, as it was associated with competence in the American model of food . In the final logistic regression analysis, having an HbA1c percent above normal was predicted by competence with the White model of desirability that prefers unhealthier foods to fruits and vegetables as well as having at least one American alter with whom one shares meals on a weekly basis, controlling for age and moderate exercise. This project advocates for attention to social structural factors, cultural knowledge, and cultural consonance when examining the social production of health among immigrant groups in America.
Author: Seth J. Schwartz Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190215216 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 489
Book Description
The Oxford Handbook of Acculturation and Health brings together acculturation theory and methodology with work linking acculturative processes to overall health outcomes. The blending of these two streams of literature is critical to move advances in acculturation theory and research into practical application for researchers, practitioners, educators, and policy makers.
Author: Alejandra Quezada Publisher: ISBN: Category : Hispanic American men Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between acculturation indicators and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Hispanic adults living in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area in Texas. MetS is a pressing public health problem, and Hispanics have the highest prevalence among all ethnic groups in the United States (35.4%). MetS is a cluster of five risk factors (blood pressure, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides) that increase a person’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Currently, Hispanics are the second-largest ethnic group in the United States, and more than one-third of the U.S. Hispanic population is foreign-born. As immigrants and subsequent generations are exposed to the mainstream U.S. culture, the process of acculturation impacts their lifestyle behaviors and health. Acculturation indicators (nativity, duration in the United States, and scores from the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics) and the five MetS markers were assessed among 128 adult participants. Logistic regression modeling was conducted to predict MetS status (present/not present) by acculturation indicators and covariates (sex, age, and education). Additional analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between each individual MetS marker, acculturation indicators, and the identified covariates. For every one-unit increase in a participant’s duration in the United States (measured in years), the likelihood of having abnormal blood pressure increased by 6% and the likelihood of having abnormal blood glucose increased by 5%. Results indicate increasing exposure to the mainstream American culture negatively impacts health risks and status among Hispanics. The primary treatment for MetS is lifestyle modification that includes regular physical activity, healthy eating, and weight loss. Health care providers can aid in reducing MetS prevalence by raising awareness of the condition and associated risk factors among their patients as well as recommending lifestyle modification to reduce their risk. Study results can aid health educators in planning, implementing, and evaluating health communication campaigns and health education/promotion programs to prevent MetS among Hispanics. Further examination of what changes occur in health behaviors that increase risk of MetS would provide further insight into why duration in the United States is associated with elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting blood glucose levels.
Author: Jillian L. Walker
Author: Jillian L. Walker
Author: Julio Garry Guerrero
Author: Christopher D. Anderson
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Margaret Clark
Author: Courtney Andrews
Author: Sarah Szurek
Author: Seth J. Schwartz
Author: Alejandra Quezada