The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Isomers on Obesity-related Hypertension PDF Download

Author: Vanessa DeClercq
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 356

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Book Description
Obesity -- hypertension -- conjugated linoleic acid -- adipocyte -- adipokines.

Author: Wan Shen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Linoleic acid
Languages : en
Pages : 176

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Book Description
"Overweight and obesity are the most widespread nutritional diseases in the U.S., which greatly increase chronic disease risks and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a relatively efficacious and safe strategy for the weight management. Consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements or one of its isomers, trans-10, cis-12 (10,12) CLA, has consistently demonstrated reductions in body weight or body fat in human and animal studies. Our lab has demonstrated that 10,12 CLA triggered calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum in human primary adipocytes, which activated downstream inflammatory signaling, resulting in impaired uptake of glucose and fatty acid, and delipidation. However, the upstream signals responsible for these actions are unknown. Therefore, my Aim 1 investigated the upstream mechanism by which 10,12 CLA increases intracellular calcium and inflammatory signaling in human primary adipocytes. The results indicated that phospholipase C plays an important role in 10,12 CLA-mediated activation of intracellular calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling, delipidation, and insulin resistance in human primary adipocytes. It has been demonstrated that 10,12 CLA increased mRNA levels and protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, which have been linked to increased energy expenditure associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and uncoupling of ATP synthesis. It also has been shown that relatively high doses of 10,12 CLA lead to more significant reductions in body fat, but cause a greater level of inflammation, insulin resistance, and steatosis in animals. Therefore, Aims 2 and Aim 3 determined the extent to which a relative low dose of 10,12 CLA or a CLA isomer mixture increases markers of browning in mice and its dependence in inflammatory signaling. In Aim 2, a low threshold dose of 10,12 CLA was found that prevented body fat accumulation with minimum metabolic side-effects in non-obese mice. It was also found that 10,12 CLA-induced browning in WAT was accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of COX-2 and other markers of inflammation. In Aim 3, a relatively low dose of 10,12 CLA reduced body fat and increased browning of WAT in overweight mice, which were independent of inflammatory signaling. Collectively, these findings provide critical insights for the development of reliable dietary strategies for people who take CLA as method to lose weight. However, we still do not know (i) if 10,12 CLA supplementation would effectively reduce body fat in overweight mice when they are continuously fed an American-type, high-fat diet; (ii) potential risks of impaired regulation of body temperature, inflammation, and steatosis due to 10,12 CLA consumption in high fat-fed mice; and (iii) potential mechanisms by which 10,12 CLA reduces body fat in high fat-fed mice."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Author: Martin P. Yurawecz
Publisher: The American Oil Chemists Society
ISBN: 9781893997875
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 284

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Book Description
Interest in the chemistry, biological properties and healthful benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) continues to grow. The number of peer reviewed publications produced on CLA since the 2003 publication of Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 2, has more than doubled. It is likely that CLA will be used in the future in many more studies related to diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. This text provides comprehensive coverage of this area of research. Sections include material on biosynthesis and metabolic processes, techniques of determination of individual isomers, diversity of CLA, and effects of CLA isomers in humans.

Author: Ronald Ross Watson
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0124079342
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 559

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Book Description
Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity focuses on the important roles that exercise, dietary changes, and foods play in promoting as well as reducing visceral fat. Nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers seeking to address the abdominal obesity epidemic will use this comprehensive resource as a tool in their long-term goal of preventing chronic diseases, especially heart, vascular, and diabetic diseases. Experts from a broad range of disciplines are involved in dealing with the consequences of excessive abdominal fat: cardiology, diabetes research, studies of lipids, endocrinology and metabolism, nutrition, obesity, and exercise physiology. They have contributed chapters that define a range of dietary approaches to reducing risk and associated chronic diseases. They begin by defining visceral obesity and its major outcomes; they also discuss the importance and the challenges of dietary approaches to reduce abdominal obesity, as compared to clinical approaches, with major costs and risks. - Offers detailed, well-documented reviews outlining the various dietary approaches to visceral obesity with their benefits and failures - Includes chapters on types of foods, exercise, and supplements in reducing obesity and its chronic clinical companions, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease - Helps nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers approach patients in making decision about nutritional therapies and clinical treatments for abdominal obesity, from an evidence-based perspective

Author: Casimir C. Akoh
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498744877
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1048

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Book Description
Maintaining the high standards that made the previous editions such well-respected and widely used references, Food Lipids: Chemistry, Nutrition, and Biotechnology, Fourth Edition provides a new look at lipid oxidation and highlights recent findings and research. Always representative of the current state of lipid science, this edition provides 16 new chapters and 21 updated chapters, written by leading international experts, that reflect the latest advances in technology and studies of food lipids. New chapters Analysis of Fatty Acid Positional Distribution in Triacylglycerol Physical Characterization of Fats and Oils Processing and Modification Technologies for Edible Oils and Fats Crystallization Behavior of Fats: Effect of Processing Conditions Enzymatic Purification and Enrichment and Purification of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers Microbial Lipid Production Food Applications of Lipids Encapsulation Technologies for Lipids Rethinking Lipid Oxidation Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism of Lipids Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Health Brain Lipids in Health and Disease Biotechnologically Enriched Cereals with PUFAs in Ruminant and Chicken Nutrition Enzyme-Catalyzed Production of Lipid Based Esters for the Food Industry: Emerging Process and Technology Production of Edible Oils Through Metabolic Engineering Genetically Engineered Cereals for Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids The most comprehensive and relevant treatment of food lipids available, this book highlights the role of dietary fats in foods, human health, and disease. Divided into five parts, it begins with the chemistry and properties of food lipids covering nomenclature and classification, extraction and analysis, and chemistry and function. Part II addresses processing and food applications including modification technologies, microbial production of lipids, crystallization behavior, chemical interesterification, purification, and encapsulation technologies. The third part covers oxidation, measurements, and antioxidants. Part IV explores the myriad interactions of lipids in nutrition and health with information on heart disease, obesity, and cancer, with a new chapter dedicated to brain lipids. Part V continues with contributions on biotechnology and biochemistry including a chapter on the metabolic engineering of edible oils.

Author: Young W. Park
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118534204
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1063

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Book Description
Milk is nature’s most complete food, and dairy products are considered to be the most nutritious foods of all. The traditional view of the role of milk has been greatly expanded in recent years beyond the horizon of nutritional subsistence of infants: it is now recognized to be more than a source of nutrients for the healthy growth of children and nourishment of adult humans. Alongside its major proteins (casein and whey), milk contains biologically active compounds, which have important physiological and biochemical functions and significant impacts upon human metabolism, nutrition and health. Many of these compounds have been proven to have beneficial effects on human nutrition and health. This comprehensive reference is the first to address such a wide range of topics related to milk production and human health, including: mammary secretion, production, sanitation, quality standards and chemistry, as well as nutrition, milk allergies, lactose intolerance, and the bioactive and therapeutic compounds found in milk. In addition to cow’s milk, the book also covers the milk of non-bovine dairy species which is of economic importance around the world. The Editors have assembled a team of internationally renowned experts to contribute to this exhaustive volume which will be essential reading for dairy scientists, nutritionists, food scientists, allergy specialists and health professionals.

Author: Satinath Mukhopadhyay
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323856586
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 702

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Book Description
Metabolic Syndrome: From Mechanisms to Interventions covers all aspects of this complex and multifactorial disease, providing a cutting-edge understanding of the problem of MetS, with a particular focus on its prevention and clinical management. The book discusses practical implementable approaches to its reversal in clinical practice, encompassing the entire spectrum of MetS, from molecular understanding to clinical therapeutics and prevention. This book is a valuable resource for clinicians in multiple specialties, including endocrinologists, diabetologists, hepatologists, gynecologists and researchers in related fields who need a deep understanding of the full range of scientific and clinical aspects of metabolic syndrome. - Presents a holistic, preventative strategy involving each and every aspect of metabolic syndrome, from pathophysiologic to clinical management - Discusses recent research on the role of inflammation, adipokines and myokines in metabolic syndrome - Includes cutting-edge information on the impact of bariatric surgery and role of gut microbiota in MetS - Provides flowcharts and diagrams to simplify pathophysiologic aspects and their association between risk factors

Author: Susan Ettinger
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128030348
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 335

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Nutritional Pathophysiology of Obesity and Its Comorbidities: A Case-Study Approach challenges students and practitioners to understand the role of nutrients within the pathophysiology and development of disease, specifically those diseases which develop as a result of obesity. Through a case-based approach, the author presents complex clinical scenarios that require multiple treatment strategies, including targeted diet modification as an adjuvant to medical therapy. The book is divided into 9 modules and 5 appendices each of which covers aspects of obesity and its comorbidities. Within each module, a case is detailed with relevant history, laboratory and physical data, and follow-up information. Each case is followed by a resource section which delineates current understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition, as well as the actions of nutrients and food components shown to modify these processes. A "further readings" section cites current supporting clinical and basic literature as well as published guidelines. - Explores how obesity is a key player in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis - Integrates current understandings of the molecular mechanisms of nutrient action on the processes of disease development and treatment - Presents students and early practitioners with complex clinical scenarios through a practical case-based approach

Author: Yongsheng Huang
Publisher: The American Oil Chemists Society
ISBN: 9781893997417
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 384

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Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
ISBN: 1481681486
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 370

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Book Description
Adipokines—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Resistin. The editors have built Adipokines—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Resistin in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Adipokines—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.