Author: Brian Brabham Publisher: ISBN: Category : Creatine Languages : en Pages : 125
Book Description
Aging is associated with gradual loss of muscle mass, termed sarcopenia, which often leads to progressive disability and loss of independence. Though resistance exercise has shown to be an effective method at reducing the rate of age-related muscle loss and decline in force output; when combined with well known muscle building agents [such as creatine monohydrate (CrM)], these training-induced improvements are enhanced. To explore this idea further, a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 20 males aged between 55-75 yrs at Baylor University, Waco TX. Participants were randomly assigned to consume either CrM [20g/d CrM + 5g Carbohydrate (CHO) x 7 days, then 5g/d CrM +5g CHO x 77 days] or carbohydrate placebo (20g/d CHO x 7 days, then 5g/d CHO x 77 days) while participating in a high intensity resistance training program (3 sets x 10 repetitions at 75% of 1RM), 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Testing sessions were complete prior to, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks post resistance training and supplementation. Each testing session included body composition measurement as determined by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), muscle strength measurement as determined by 1 repetition maximum (RM) on leg press and bench press, blood collection and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy. The blood serum was analyzed for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), free testosterone and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the muscle tissue for phophorylated mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, myogenin, Myf-5, MRF-4), and total myofibrillar protein. A significant time effect was observed for 1RM bench press (p=0.016), leg press (p
Author: Annie G. Allison Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Resistance training and protein supplementation have been shown to increase muscle mass and strength, and thus may be an effective method to combat muscle wasting (sarcopenia) that occurs with aging. Thirty-six males (62.5 yrs, 177 cm and 95.25 kg) were randomly assigned to ingest either whey isolate protein, casein protein or carbohydrate while participating in a 12-week high intensity resistance training program. Resistance training increased both upper and lower body strength, body mass and lean muscle mass while decreasing body fat percentage. However, no effects from training were observed on serum anabolic hormones and indirect markers of satellite cell activation. A trend towards significantly higher lower body strength was observed in the whey isolate (p=0.053) and casein (p=0.086) groups, respectively, compared to carbohydrate placebo group. The present study suggests protein supplementation in conjunction with high intensity resistance training may be important in combating sarcopenia.
Author: Mike Spillane Publisher: ISBN: Category : Creatine Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
Creatine monohydrate has become one of the most popular ingested nutritional supplements due to its potential enhancement of athletic performance. Creatine absorption from the serum into skeletal muscle occurs through the utilization of a membrane-spanning protein, CreaT1. Numerous creatine formulations have been developed primarily to maximize creatine absorption. Creatine ethyl ester (CEE) has been chemically modified by adding an ester group and is thought to increase creatine bio-availability by by-passing the CreaT1. This study examined how a seven week supplementation regimen with CEE affected body composition, muscle mass and performance, whole body creatine retention, as well physiological and molecular adaptations, associated with creatine uptake in nonresistance-trained males following a resistance-training program. Results demonstrated that CEE did not show any additional benefit to increases in muscle strength/performance or a significant increase in total muscle creatine when compared to creatine monohydrate or placebo. CEE supplementation did show a large increase in creatinine levels throughout the study.
Author: Jeffrey R. Stout Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1597455733 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 255
Book Description
With all of the misinformation regarding the effects of creatine supplementation on health and sports performance, this book brings together the information on how creatine affects body composition, exercise performance, and health. Supported by the International Society of Sports Nutrition, this volume is timely and vital for all professionals in the field of sports nutrition.
Author: Nicholas Dinan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Background: The timing of nutrient ingestion continues to be advocated by athletes, nutritionists, and coaches to augment potential exercise training adaptations. While creatine supplementation is well-established for its ergogenic potential, limited research is available on the potential impact of creatine monohydrate administration before or after workouts among athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pre- versus post-exercise creatine monohydrate supplementation on resistance training adaptations, body composition, and work capacity following 8-weeks of supplementation and resistance training. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, 34 health resistance-trained male and female athletes were randomly assigned and matched according to fat free mass to consume a placebo, or 5-g dose of creatine monohydrate within 1 hour before training, or within 1 hour after training for 8 weeks while completing a weekly resistance training program. At each time point all participants co-ingested a 25-gram dose whey isolate and a 25-gram dose of carbohydrate powder along with their assigned supplement. A 4-week non-supplementation period of resistance training occurred before the supplementation period to account for any early neuromuscular adaptations associated with starting a new program. Body composition using a 3-compartment field model, muscular strength and muscular endurance using bench press and back squat exercises along with isometric mid-thigh pull were assessed before and after the 8-week supplementation period. A 3 x 2 mixed factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on time were used to determine any statistically significant differences for time and group main effects and group x time interaction effects. Results: Over the training and supplementation period, all groups experienced a significant increase in fat free mass, upper and lower body strength, work capacity, and a decrease in body mass, fat mass, and percent body fat, with no differences observed between groups. Conclusions: Daily supplementation with carbohydrate plus protein with or without creatine monohydrate leads to significant increases in fat-free mass, performance indicators, and work capacity while the ingestion of, or timing creatine monohydrate did not seem to exert any additional influence over the measured outcomes. Retroactively registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05451498.
Author: Jason M. Ramos Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bones Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effect of creatine supplementation, both with and without resistance training, on human bone. Serum bone turnover markers (BTMs) for bone formation and resorption were used as outcome measures. A secondary purpose was to investigate changes in body composition and strength resulting from the supplement and resistance training regimens. METHODS: Eight healthy older men aged 66-79 years old (71.8 ± 4.1 yr; 91.4 ± 19.3 kg; 177.9 ± 6.3 cm) were randomized into three groups: creatine only (Cr, n = 3), creatine and resistance training (Cr+RT, n = 3) and placebo (PLA, n = 2). The men underwent 12 weeks of treatment which included supplementation with creatine (0.3 g/kg for 5 days and 0.07 g/kg thereafter) or placebo. Subjects were measured pre and posttest using four serum BTMs: osteocalcin (OC), procollagen I intact n-terminal propeptide (PINP), and N and C-Telopeptide (NTx, CTx). Those in the Cr+RT group performed 12 exercises, 10 repetitions, and 3 sets session-1 for 12 weeks. All subjects underwent dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and one-repetition maximum strength testing. RESULTS: Study participants in the Cr and Cr+RT groups experienced increases in osteocalcin (Cr 2.8%, Cr+RT 13.1%) as did those in PLA group (12.0%). PINP also increased in those groups receiving creatine (Cr 2.2%, Cr+RT 3.6%), yet it decreased in the PLA group (-15.6%). Bone resorption markers (NTx and CTx) decreased in the Cr-alone group (-11.9% and -23.1%, respectively), increased somewhat in the Cr+RT group (0.8% and 10.4%, respectively), and increased by a greater amount for those in the PLA group (22.5% and 38.9%, respectively). Small changes in lean mass (Cr 1.8%, Cr+RT 3.7%, PLA -2.9%) and fat % (Cr 0.3%, Cr+RT -0.2%, PLA 2.5%) were observed. Changes in strength were greatest in the Cr+RT group, but notable increases were also seen in the Cr-alone group (leg press: Cr 20%, Cr+RT 55%, PLA 5%; knee extension: Cr 10%, Cr+RT 43%, PLA 6%; and bench press: Cr 9%, Cr+RT 27%, PLA 0%). CONCLUSION: Observable patterns in change in serum BTMs indicate that creatine alone, and with resistance training, may have a positive effect on bone metabolism. Body composition and strength changes in creatine-supplemented groups were consistent with prior studies using a similar cohort and methodology.
Author: Avery Ronald David Pakulak Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The purpose of the study was to determine the separate and combined effects of creatine and caffeine supplementation during resistance training on body composition, muscle thickness and muscle performance (strength, endurance) in trained young adults. Twenty-eight participants were randomized to supplement with Creatine and Caffeine (CR-CAF; n = 9; 22 ± 4 yrs; 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1 of creatine monohydrate powder + 3 mg·kg-1·d-1 of caffeine anhydrous micronized powder); Creatine (CR; n = 7; 22 ± 4 yrs, 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1 of creatine + 3 mg·kg-1·d-1 of caffeine placebo [micronized cellulose powder]), Caffeine (CAF; n = 6; 19 ± 1 yrs, 3 mg·kg-1·d-1 of caffeine + 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1 of creatine monohydrate placebo [maltodextrin]) or placebo (PLA; n = 6; 23 ± 7 yrs, 0.1 g·kg-1·d-1 of creatine monohydrate placebo + 3 mg·kg-1·d-1 of caffeine placebo) one hour before performing resistance training for 6 weeks. Prior to and following training and supplementation, measurements were made for body composition (fat-free and fat mass by air-displacement plethysmography), muscle thickness (elbow and knee flexors and extensors by ultrasound), muscle strength (leg press and chest press by 1-repetition maximum [1-RM]) and muscle endurance (1 set of repetitions to volitional fatigue using 50% baseline 1-RM for leg press and chest press). There was a group x time interaction (p = 0.049) for knee extensor muscle thickness with the CR group experiencing an increase over time with no changes for the other groups. There were no other between group differences for any variable. In conclusion, 6 weeks of creatine and caffeine supplementation during resistance training has no effect in trained young adults.
Author: Gustavo Duque Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030258904 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 383
Book Description
This edited work presents the most current evidence on osteosarcopenia from bench to bedside, which is expected to facilitate the understanding of this syndrome and to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies. With our aging population, chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia are becoming highly prevalent. Fortunately, our understanding of the bone and muscle interactions has increased in recent years. This has allowed to the coining of the term osteosarcopenia to describe a syndrome in which these two diseases overlap. This overlap between osteoporosis and sarcopenia has major negative effects not only on our older adults but also on health systems worldwide. Readers will find a highly translational approach that starts with a summary of recent discoveries on stem cells biology, muscle and bone interactions – including the role of local bone and muscle fat – followed by comprehensive reviews on myokines (i.e. myostatin), osteokines (i.e. osteocalcin) and adipokines (i.e. interleukins) as major players and determinants of bone and muscle loss with aging. In addition, the role of sex steroids (i.e. estrogens, androgens), and calciotropic hormones (i.e. parathyroid hormone, vitamin D) in the pathogenesis of this syndrome is also reviewed. Moreover, using practical diagnostic and therapeutic tips, this book summarizes the clinical characteristics of osteosarcopenic patients thus facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome in clinical practice. Finally, the book presents the case for the Falls and Fractures Clinic as the optimal model of care for this syndrome, aimed to avoid fragmentation and optimize osteosarcopenia care, and simultaneously prevent falls and fractures in older persons. This book offers relevant information on the mechanisms of osteosarcopenia, and a practical guide on how to identify and treat this geriatric syndrome and its adverse outcomes, which are dramatically affecting our aging population. The work is written by leaders in the field and is especially suited not only to any researcher in the musculoskeletal arena but also to medical specialists and allied health professionals involved in the care of older persons.
Author: Brian Brabham
Author: Murray Justin Chrusch
Author: Michael Sean Witten
Author: Annie G. Allison
Author: Mike Spillane
Author: Jeffrey R. Stout
Author: Nicholas Dinan
Author: Jason M. Ramos
Author: Avery Ronald David Pakulak
Author: Gustavo Duque